Xia, Shang and Zhou laid the rudiment of science and technology in China. At this time, China entered the Bronze Age, and the casting and smelting technology of bronzes was superb. At this time, primitive porcelain also appeared. By the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, China's ancient science and technology system was basically laid in this period. At this time, iron was widely used in China, and steelmaking technology and cast iron softening technology appeared at the same time.
Qin and Han dynasties:
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, with the consolidation of feudal system, all kinds of ancient science and technology in China have matured. Nine Chapters of Arithmetic defines the ancient mathematical system of China. Papermaking has been invented and greatly improved. The construction of the Great Wall reflected the advanced construction technology in China at that time. The seismograph invented by Zhang Heng is the earliest seismograph in the world.
In agriculture, a rotation system has been established. Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile Diseases have great influence on the development of Chinese medicine in later generations.
Gold and the Southern and Northern Dynasties;
Famous scientists appeared in this period. Liu Hui, Zu Chongzhi and Zhang Zixin have made great contributions to mathematics and astronomy. Pei Xiu's Six-body Cartography initiated the basic theory of ancient cartography in China.
Jia Sixie's Qi Yao Min Shu marks the maturity of agronomy. Wang Shuhe's Pulse Classic, Huangfu Mi's Acupuncture Classic A and B, and Tao Hongjing's Shennong Herbal Classic have enriched the system of traditional Chinese medicine. Ge Hong's research on alchemy contributed to primitive chemistry, and Ma Jun's achievements in mechanical manufacturing represented the level of ancient mechanical manufacturing in China.
Song dynasty:
China's ancient science and technology developed greatly in the Song Dynasty, among which Shen Kuo was an outstanding representative. At this time, China's four great inventions came out one after another and made great contributions to world civilization.
Yuan dynasty:
The science and technology of the Yuan Dynasty reached or made great achievements, among which astronomy, mathematics and even medicine were in an advanced position in the world at that time. At that time, leading Arab and Persian science and technology were introduced into China. Before Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ascended the throne, he recruited "hermits".
They translated and brought with them astronomical works, such as Ptolemy's Anthology of Astronomy and Ibn Yunus's Hakim Catalogue (also translated into Hakim Calendar). 1260, inherited the old system of Jin people and set up four rooftops.
Ming dynasty:
The scientific and technological achievements of the Ming Dynasty were like stars, and all walks of life made extraordinary achievements, and many famous masterpieces emerged.
Ching Dynasty
The development of science and technology in Qing dynasty is proud. The 90-volume Golden Mirror of Medical Records compiled by the government during the Qianlong period collected many new cheats and experience prescriptions, and made many textual researches on Synopsis of the Golden Chamber and Treatise on Febrile Diseases, which is an important work to introduce the clinical experience of traditional Chinese medicine. Wang Qingren, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, made outstanding achievements in medicine, and wrote a book "Medical Forest Errors".
He emphasized the importance of anatomical knowledge to medical treatment and questioned the records of zang-fu organs in ancient books. Through the study of autopsy, he made 25 kinds of "visceral correction maps", corrected some mistakes of predecessors and made beneficial contributions to the development of anatomy in the motherland.
Modern science and technology:
After the Opium War, western science was introduced into China in large quantities. From the Westernization Movement, the Reform Movement of 1898 to the Revolution of 1911, China tried to absorb the scientific achievements of the West.
After the establishment of China Science Society and other non-governmental academic groups in the early years of the Republic of China, China's science and technology began to integrate with the development of world science and technology more systematically. The appearance of Academia Sinica in 1928 and the establishment of China Academy of Sciences in 1949 have enabled the development of scientific and technological research in China to receive financial support from the government.
Extended data:
Society is used to linking science and technology together, collectively known as science and technology.
In fact, there are both close ties and important differences between them. Science solves theoretical problems and technology solves practical problems. The problem to be solved by science is to discover the relationship between facts and phenomena in nature and establish a theory linking facts and phenomena.
The task of technology is to apply scientific achievements to practical problems. Science mainly deals with unknown fields, and its progress, especially major breakthroughs, is unpredictable; Technology works in a relatively mature field and can make more accurate planning.
High-tech category:
Remote sensing technology: this is a comprehensive detection technology developed vigorously in the 1960 s. It perceives the image of moving matter from a distance, records the electromagnetic wave signals radiated (or reflected) by distant objects with the help of special optical, electronic and electro-optical detection instruments, and then processes the images that can be directly recognized by adult eyes, thus revealing the properties and changing laws of the detected objects.
Superconducting technology: a technology that uses the unique properties of superconducting materials for scientific research and practical application, which is called superconducting technology.
Microelectronics technology: the application of electronic technology to study various electronic components, devices, equipment and systems, which are widely used in various fields of national economy, national defense and science and technology. Microelectronics technology is the miniaturization development technology of electronic technology.
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-History of Science and Technology in China