Where is the castration incision?

Castration "castration", that is, "the husband cuts off his power and the woman is concerned about the palace", is a corporal punishment that castrates the male genitals and destroys the female reproductive function. Palace punishment is also called silkworm house punishment, corruption punishment, yin punishment and hanging punishment. These different names all reflect the cruelty of this [1] punishment. The so-called silkworm house was explained by Yan Shigu in the Tang Dynasty: "Anyone who raises silkworms wants to grow early, so it is a silkworm house, and animals will set fire to it. The new greed punishment also suffers from a stroke, and it must enter the secret room (probably the earliest concept of aseptic room), so it can be completed, because it is called the silkworm room ear. " In other words, after castration, most people are easily infected with a stroke because of the wound. If they want to survive, they must stay in a secret room like a silkworm room and squat for hundreds of days in an environment without wind and sunshine before the wound can heal. Castration is also called corruption, because, for the victim, it is not only physical pain, but also spiritual humiliation. From then on, it was like a rotten tree, but it could not bear fruit with a stick. Castration, also known as yin punishment, refers to the punishment of men or women in the vulva. Well-known punishments can be found in Lu Punishment. According to Shuowen, "punishment" means beating with a stick. According to Ma Guohan's Tong Geng Tie, there was a method in ancient times to know how to beat a woman's lower body with a wooden stick and destroy her reproductive function. Second, the origin of castration The emergence of castration has a long history in China. There are several references to five punishments and castration in Shangshu, for example, there is a saying that "five punishments are offered" in Yaodian. Among the Zhou Ding inscriptions unearthed today, there is "Guanzhong Fuding", which reads: "Guanzhong Fuding will be used by future generations forever." "Lu Shangshu's travels" has the saying that "the palace is suspicious, and Lu's travels punish 600 people and convict them"; Another cloud said, "The first adultery was' Oh, good' (that is, palace) and' blessing'. And cloud "five punishments in Shundian, palace. "Shen Zi Shu" has: "If you are afraid of five punishments, you must take Abby as your palace." "Zhou Li" said, "The Summer Palace is 500 yuan. "Judging from the above records, it is generally believed that castration appeared at least before Xia. In the Zhou Dynasty, castrated people were called "temple people". The word "temple" consists of two words: "scholar" and "inch" In ancient times, "scholar" was an ideographic character of male genitalia. In history books, "scholar" was male and "scholar" was male and female. " Inch is like holding a knife in one hand, and the combination of "yes" and "inch" means cutting off the male genitals with a knife. Male castration is generally understood as the penis being cut off by roots, but according to ancient records, there are also people who destroy scrotum and testicles. For example, the book Yun Hui said: "The external kidney is the potential, and the eunuch cuts the potential. "External kidney refers to scrotum and testis. If it is destroyed, people's gonads will no longer develop, and the penis will not be able to erect, thus losing sexual ability. Third, the purpose of castration According to research, the initial role of castration is to punish improper sexual relations between men and women, that is, "women commit adultery and are not allowed to leave the palace; If a husband commits adultery, it will cut off his potential. "The Book of Resurrection goes further:" Men and women who do not take righteousness as their friends will be punished. "It can be inferred that castration occurs after monogamy, otherwise there will be no punishment for unfair sexual relations between men and women. And judging from the arrangement of the five punishments, castration is the heaviest corporal punishment, second only to beheading. Obviously, the influence of primitive people on genital worship still existed in people's minds at that time, and the value of genitals was second only to that of the head. The legendary Yao-Shun period was roughly a period of transition from patriarchal society to class society in China. Monogamy was gradually established, and it was entirely possible that castration began at that time. The initial function of castration was only to punish the improper relationship between men and women, which was realistic when the human marriage system had just entered the threshold of civilization. However, under the brutal rule of the slave-owning class and feudal rulers, the scope of castration has been expanded to the point where it has nothing to do with the original intention and has become a harsh means to suppress civilians and dissidents. When did this expansion begin? There is no clear record in history, but by the late Zhou Muwang, the crime of "five hundred palaces" had been stipulated. In the Western Zhou Dynasty, there were quite a few charges of imprisonment, and the targets of punishment were slaves and ordinary civilians. As for the slave owners and nobles, it is "the public has no palace crimes and does not skip classes." Don't cut its kind "means that their descendants will never be cut off. Even if the slave owners and nobles committed the crime of being a palace, they would only serve the penalty, that is, the prisoners shaved their heads and locked their necks to serve hard labor. "Those who do this, they will be a family with the king. "Visible, ancient punishment has a distinct class nature. The scope of application of castration is more and more extensive in later generations. For example, in Liezi Fu Shuo in the Warring States Period, it was reported that the king of Qin had been advised to govern the country with benevolence and righteousness, and he was sentenced to imprisonment on the charge of "governing the country with benevolence and righteousness, then he would die", indicating that feudal rulers sentenced people to imprisonment on the charge of endangering the country. According to Records of the Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, when Qin Shihuang built Epang Palace and Mount Li, he imprisoned more than 700,000 people for hard labor. The "hidden palace" here refers to castration, and there must be many imprisoned people among these more than 700 thousand people. Fourth, the development of castration The Qin Dynasty soon perished due to brutal rule, and the Han Dynasty that followed was not much better in essence. Castration was more common in the Han Dynasty. Emperor Han Jing stipulated that some death sentences could be replaced by castration. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was cruel by nature. During his reign, Sima Qian, Zhang He, Li Yannian and others were among the castrated record ministers. Sima Qian told the truth when Emperor Wu of Han asked for his advice and defended Li Ling's surrender to Xiongnu. "Moving up to be false waste, trying to stay in the second division, lobbying for the mausoleum, moving down to be greedy", punishable by castration; Zhang He was lucky enough to keep the prince, and the prince was defeated. Zhang He was also imprisoned. Zhao Di, the emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, also issued a decree: "Those who put all their eggs in one basket conspire to raise silkworm houses", which legally expanded the scope of castration. Ministers and officials who violate the will of the supreme ruler will be tortured, and more ordinary people will be ravaged by this torture. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, castration was still practiced. Especially in the Northern Wei Dynasty, the execution of castration was more clearly defined. According to the regulations of Tongzhi for 16 years, anyone who commits "gross transgression" will be beheaded, his compatriots will be executed, and those under the age of 14 will be executed. "So, in the Northern Wei Dynasty, castration was generally used for the descendants of people who were considered rebellious. For example, Wei Shu was imprisoned in Pingji in 1994, because his father rebelled with the monks and was implicated. The prisoner's crime is slightly inferior to the death penalty, and even if he is pardoned, he is sent to the government as a slave. For example, the rulers at the end of the Northern Qi Dynasty used to show mercy to the imprisoned people, and generally they were exempt from being official slaves. Judging from the above history, although castration has expanded its scope of implementation, although it is not only a cruel means to punish improper sexual relations between men and women as a means of suppressing rebels, it still has a certain connection with sex, that is, it makes the prisoners lose their sexual ability and thus lose their children and grandchildren. This is indeed very harsh in a feudal society that attaches great importance to children and future generations! The purpose of castration is to destroy the victim's body and mind. The victim is humiliated for life, and life is worse than death. Sima Qian is a strong-willed and ambitious man, but whenever he thinks of the shame of being imprisoned, he still sweats and wants to "commit suicide" and doesn't want to live any longer. The use of this kind of torture cannot but arouse the opposition of some upright people in history. Celebrities such as Chen Zhong and Kong Rong in the Eastern Han Dynasty and Wang Lang in the Three Kingdoms and Wei all advocated the abolition of cruel corporal punishment such as castration. But there are also some people who are obsessed with castration according to the will of the supreme ruler, such as Zhong You and Chen Qun, who were contemporary with Kong Rong and Wang Lang. Although castration was officially abolished when the Sui Dynasty opened the emperor, it was not seen in the criminal system of later generations, but until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, some emperors and some nobles still practiced it at will. For example, An Lushan in the Tang Dynasty castrated a man named pig, and he bled for several liters and almost died. Later, An Lushan was also cut by pigs. " At the beginning, the pig's head married the Dan tribe, and the boy (An) Lushan was very shrewd. Lushan mountain is holding the blade to the potential, bleeding for several liters, wanting to die, Lushan mountain is raised in the ash fire, and the sun is exhausted. Because of the eunuchs, Lushan is quite fond of them, and the most important thing is the credit. Lushan Mountain has grown taller (with a fat weight of 330 Jin). Every time he wears a belt, three or four people help him. The two men lifted their bellies and put the pig on their heads before they took a nepotism and a belt. Xuanzong spoiled Lushan Mountain, gave Huaqing Palace a soup bath, and asked pigs and others to help untie their clothes. Finally meet you, piggy. "For another example, Zhu Yuanzhang, the Ming emperor, stipulated many strict laws in his great-coat, among which castration is the content of slavery. In the ninth year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty, Qinshen Temple was built in Nanjing Palace. Zhu Yuanzhang was furious because relevant officials mistook intermediate craftsmen for first-class craftsmen and even castrated all these more than 2,000 craftsmen. Fortunately, some people tried their best to stop it, which saved these craftsmen from tragic accidents. But it can also be seen that the feudal rulers used castration at will. In the Ming Dynasty, not only the imperial court used castration, but also some senior generals abused their power. According to "Wanli Night Fire", when Ming Yingzong was fighting in a certain place, the folk children were castrated and enslaved, but Ming Yingzong did not intervene after knowing this. This shows that this practice was allowed at that time. In the Qing Dynasty, there was a so-called "boudoir punishment", that is, some torture that was not clearly listed in the criminal system, and it was inevitable that there was no castration.