Edited by the dictionary editing room of the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, published by the Commercial Press. The first edition 1978, two revised editions 1983 and 1996 were published, and the supplementary edition was published in 2002 (based on this edition, Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press published a bilingual Chinese-English edition, which is very cost-effective and popular, and is expected to become a competitive product of Chinese-English dictionaries). The latest edition is the fifth edition in 2005.
Version start time set
1 edition 1978 56000
Article 65438+56000 in the second edition of 0983.
Third Edition 65438+60000 0996
The fourth edition: 6 10000 articles in 2002
Fifth edition, July 26th, 2005, with 65,000 articles.
The original edition contains more than 56,000 words, including words, phrases, idioms and idioms. The revision in 2005 started from 1999 and lasted for six years, which was the largest revision in all previous revisions. The fifth edition contains more than 65,000 words, phrases, idioms and other idioms, which basically reflects the current modern Chinese vocabulary and can meet the needs of readers. This revision mainly focuses on four aspects:
First, add new words. On the basis of the revised version 1996, more than 6,000 new words have been added, covering Chinese, politics, social life, science and technology, etc. The principle of adding words is prudent and positive, and new words that have been widely used in society or have influence and vitality are included in the dictionary in time. For example, identity, vision, harmonious society and dink family are all included. Especially from the income of Cognition and Vision, we can see the positive attitude of editors. These two sentences appeared in the press release of the meeting between General Secretary Hu Jintao and Mr. Lien Chan in April this year, appeared in the media on April 30th, and the fifth edition of Modern Chinese was printed on May 2nd. Nevertheless, the editor included these two "overnight fame" songs in the dictionary before going to press. In addition, it also includes some transliteration words, such as "headhunting". Of course, Fiberhome headhunting company believes that the original intention of headhunting is to use "senior talent search" to be more practical.
Second, delete old words. * * * Delete about 2000 old words. The principle is to delete those words that are too old, too old, too biased and "square". Including pure classical Chinese words, dialects with narrow use areas, outdated transliteration words, words that reflect outdated things and words that are no longer used. For example, the dialect "run with open feet".
Third, modify definitions and example sentences. Review the definitions and example sentences one by one, and make necessary changes to some items. It mainly includes three situations: the meaning of words changes, the objective things reflected by the meaning of words change, and the original explanation is inaccurate or imperfect. For example, "eliminate", the original note is "eliminate the bad and save the good; Remove the unsuitable and leave the suitable. In this definition, "leave the good and leave the right" are redundant elements. Now it is revised to "remove (bad or inappropriate) from the selection", which is more accurate.
Fourth, fully mark the part of speech. When compiling Modern Chinese, Mr. Lv Shuxiang tried to distinguish whether a single word can be used, that is, to distinguish between words and non-words, so he marked the part of speech, but he never made it. This revision, the successor got what he wanted. The word and non-word are distinguished in detail, and the part of speech is marked carefully and systematically.
Modern Chinese Dictionary is a reference book compiled by Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, a national academic institution, with the aim of popularizing Putonghua and promoting the standardization of modern Chinese. It is the first standardized modern Chinese dictionary in China, and its authority and science are unparalleled so far. The two editors-in-chief of this book, Lv Shuxiang and Ding Shengshu, are both famous linguists at home and abroad, and the reviewers are all first-class experts and scholars in China. Modern Chinese Dictionary 1956 was approved for publication by the state, 1958 was officially published in June, 1960 was printed as a trial version for soliciting opinions, 1965 was printed as a trial version for submission, 1973 was issued internally, 65433. In the past 50 years, according to the development and changes of language and the new language and writing norms promulgated by the state, we have been constantly refining and keeping pace with the times. Up to now, more than 40 million copies have been published, which has been well received by readers at home and abroad. He won the first National Book Award, the second National Dictionary Award and the first prize of Wu Humanities and Social Sciences Award, the highest prize of national social science works.
Modern Chinese Dictionary summarizes the achievements of China Vernacular Movement since the 20th century, and ends the long-standing separation of written language and spoken language in the form of a dictionary for the first time, and comprehensively standardizes modern Chinese for the first time. Modern Chinese Dictionary has reached a new height in dictionary theory, compilation level and editing quality, and is a model of dictionary compilation and publication. Its large circulation and wide application are rare in the history of world dictionaries. It has great influence on the unification and standardization of modern Chinese, the research, study and correct application of modern Chinese, and the expansion of exchanges between China and all ethnic groups in the world.
The authority of Modern Chinese Dictionary mainly comes from its two editors with outstanding academic achievements and top-level reviewers in China.
The two editors are famous linguists at home and abroad, and members of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, Mr. Lv Shuxiang and Mr. Ding Shengshu. They have made great achievements in many fields, such as general linguistics, Chinese grammar, text reform, phonology, exegetics, grammar, dialect, dictionary compilation, ancient books collation and so on. Mr. Lu presided over the compilation of Modern Chinese Dictionary for more than four years, determined the compilation rules, completed the "trial printing" and laid a solid foundation for Modern Chinese Dictionary. Mr. Ding presided over the editing and finalization of Modern Chinese Dictionary for more than ten years. On the basis of "trial printing", he carefully revised and improved the dictionary and devoted himself to it.
Its reviewers are all top Chinese experts in China. For example, Professor Wang Li of Peking University and Professor Wang Li of Peking University, whose manuscripts of History of China and Modern Grammar of China have already become linguistic classics, and the brilliant masterpiece Wang Li's Collected Works has established their status as linguistic masters. Li jinxi, a professor at Beijing Normal University, was once the director of the Dictionary Compilation Department of China, and was the editor-in-chief of the influential Mandarin Dictionary during the Republic of China. His masterpiece New Chinese Grammar has influenced several generations of linguists. Wei, a professor in Peking University, was the president of Xinhua Dictionary Society, and Xinhua Dictionary, edited by him, is the first new normative dictionary in China, which has made outstanding contributions in phonology, writing and ancient book arrangement. Others such as Lu Zhiwei, Li Rong, Lu Zongda, Ye Laishi, Ye Shengtao, Zhou, Shi Mingyuan, Zhu, etc. The fifth edition in 2005 was revised by Cao Xianzhuo, Zhao Jizhou, Chen Yuan, Dong Kun, Han Jingti, Hu, Qinglong Liu, Lu and Shen Jiaxuan.
Thanks to the presiding of Mr. Lv Shuxiang and Mr. Ding Shengshu, and the revision and contribution of a group of top people in China, the overall level of Modern Chinese Dictionary has reached an unprecedented height, and outstanding and pioneering achievements have been made in terms of word collection, phonetic notation, interpretation and use cases.
Xinhua dictionary
Open classification: learning, reference books, Chinese, dictionaries, dictionary editing room of Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences.
In 197 1, Premier Zhou Enlai instructed the compilation of dictionaries. In the same year 10 set up a compilation group, and 1973 published the first draft. Under the dual influence of "criticizing the forest and criticizing the hole" which began in 1974 and re-examining the dictionary after smashing the Gang of Four, the dictionary was not officially launched until 1980, and it was named Xinhua Dictionary.
Xinhua Dictionary is an encyclopedic dictionary with Chinese as its main content. It has always occupied a very important position in the application of dictionaries in China because of its characteristics of facing ordinary readers, strong practicability and strong sense of the times. The first edition of 1980 has been printed more than 30 times, with nearly 7 million copies.
The proportion of encyclopedia entries in the new dictionary has increased sharply to 50%, more than 2,000 outdated entries have been deleted and tens of thousands of new words have been added. The number of encyclopedia entries in the new edition of Xinhua Dictionary has increased to more than 25,000, with the number of words reaching 6,543.8+0.5 million, accounting for 50% of the whole dictionary for the first time, which is unprecedented.
The revision of encyclopedia entries is operated at two levels. First, basic subjects, including Chinese, politics, history, geography, mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, physical education, music, art and so on, need systematic explanation. Second, applied disciplines, including social sciences and natural sciences, do not seek to be too professional and highlight practicality.
The number of small entries in the new edition of Xinhua Dictionary is controlled within 50 words, the number of Chinese entries is 100 to 150 words, and the number of large entries is not more than 200 words, which ensures the richness of the whole dictionary and the sufficiency of information.
The new edition of Xinhua Dictionary has the characteristics of the times, and new words can be seen everywhere. For example, terms such as Internet, notebook computer, telephone magnetic card, videophone, electronic publishing, Internet cafe and distance education have been added to information, euthanasia, pasteurization, over-the-counter drugs, genetic engineering, sperm bank and IVF have been added to medical care, and terms such as supermarket, hedge fund, second-board market, venture capital, red chips and shell listing have been added to finance, as well as unfair competition and law. A large number of new words make people feel that this dictionary is very close to the pulse of the times.
The new edition of Xinhua Dictionary also includes two pages of words beginning with western letters, such as TMD (Missile Defense System), e-mail (E-mail) and WAP mobile phone (Wireless Application Protocol mobile phone). This number has set a new record for the dictionary to include entries beginning with western letters.
The newly published Chronology of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties was incorporated into the appendix of Xinhua Dictionary, making Xinhua Dictionary the first dictionary to include this latest scientific research achievement.
The innovation of the appendix of the new edition of Xinhua Dictionary is worth mentioning.
—— Four items, namely, the scheme of Chinese Pinyin, the brief table of common punctuation usage, the brief table of geological age, and the area and volume of basic geometric figures, have been deleted.
—— The solar terms table, chemical element summary table, unit of measurement summary table and countries and regions in the world are kept, in which the units of measurement are integrated into a simple table, focusing on the comparison and conversion between commonly used legal units of measurement and non-legal units of measurement, which can be seen at a glance.
-Incorporate the uncommon words in the appendix into the dictionary text, and add corresponding symbols to enhance the retrieval function of Chinese entries.
-chronology of Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, chronology of historical events at home and abroad, brief list of major relatives in China, brief list of chinese administrative division, brief list of ethnic minorities in China, key scenic spots in China, key nature reserves in China, rare animals endemic to China, major public hazards in the world, brief list of commonly used scientific and technological terms, major scientific and technological discoveries and inventions, and major events in the history of science and technology have been added.
In addition, for easy reference, a V-shaped ladder mark is added to the side of the page. The front ring of the dictionary is lined with a colorful map of China, and the back ring is lined with a colorful map of the world, which forms a visual impact.
The number of words in the new edition of Xinhua Dictionary has increased from 2.3 million to 2.6 million, and the page number has increased from 1300 to 1500.