According to Records of Historical Records and Biography of Lv Buwei, Qin Shihuang's mother was originally the concubine of Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei dedicated the pregnant Evonne to an alien (that is, the king of Qin Zhuang) for political purposes. Later, Zhao Ji gave birth to a child. According to "Historical Records of Qin Shihuang", "The Emperor of Qin Shihuang, Qin Zhuangzi also. King Xiang of Zhuang made a proton in Zhao Shengqin. When he met Ji, he gladly took it and became the emperor. " Ying Zheng, the son of an unpopular proton, spent his youth in Handan, the capital of Zhao. At this point, the aliens have returned to the State of Qin through Lv Buwei's mediation, and recognized Mrs. Huayang as her mother. After many political struggles, he finally won the trust of Huayang. Lv Buwei spent a lot of energy and money to bring Evonne and her son back to Qin. From then on, Ying Zheng began his political career in Qin king Palace.
For Qin Shihuang, the most familiar woman is the mother. When Qin Shihuang was 3 years old, his father left their mother and son as hostages in Zhao. Mother is a concubine, so the rumor of "two fathers" has been accompanied by the growth of Ying Zheng, and the spurning and contempt of Zhao people made the young Qin Shihuang full of complicated feelings of love and hate for his mother, the only person he could rely on.
Qin Shihuang lived with his mother. From being born in Zhao to 9 years old, this stage is just an important stage of a child's psychological development. He can't develop the identities of his father, his mother and Guan Zhong-Lv Buwei, perhaps his biological father. These complicated situations caused Qin Shihuang's complicated psychological feelings. He had to rely on his only woman, his mother, to survive, but he despised and hated his mother's behavior, because it had caused great trauma to his childhood. All the negative emotions caused by these injuries will be projected on the mother, the only woman.
In the third year of the reign of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang (247 BC), King Xiang died, and Ying Zheng ascended the throne as King Qin. When he acceded to the throne, because he was young, national politics was dominated by Prime Minister Lv Buwei, and Lv Buwei was honored as Guan Zhong. Lv Buwei not only controls the imperial court, but also has an affair with the Empress Dowager (Evonne). Seeing that Qin Shihuang was getting older, he was afraid of being discovered by him, wanted to leave Empress Zhao, and was afraid of the Empress Dowager's resentment, so he presented false eunuch's old moxa to the Empress Dowager, which was fake and rotten, and only pulled out his beard and entered the palace. Qin Shihuang grew up day by day, so they lied to Qin Shihuang, saying that the queen mother's bedroom was not feng shui and she wanted to move out of here. Qin Shihuang believed it, so they moved far away from Qin Shihuang. As a result, the Queen Mother gave birth to two illegitimate children. This false eunuch, Ai, pretended to be the king's father. With the help of the Queen Mother, he sealed a long letter, owned Yang Shan, Taiyuan and other places, and collected his own henchmen. Lao Ai has been operating in Yongcheng for many years, and has established a huge force, which is another powerful political force after Lv Buwei.
Ai's success is inevitable. When he was drunk, he scolded a minister: "I am the false father of the king of Qin, how dare you provoke me." The minister was very angry after hearing this, and secretly found an opportunity to tell Qin Shihuang. Ed panicked and was ready to rebel.
In the first 238 years, Qin Shihuang held a coronation ceremony at Yongnian Palace in Yongcheng. Lao Ai rebelled with the imperial seal of the King of Qin and the imperial seal of Empress Dowager Cixi, and captured the Palace of Prayer for the Year. Qin Shihuang had already arranged 3000 elite soldiers in the Prayer Palace to defeat the rebels. Lao Ai moved to Xianyang Palace, where there was already an army. Lao Ai fled alone and was arrested soon. Qin Shihuang dismembered Lao Ai's five horses and made them public. Put his mother Zhao Ji in the Luyang Palace in Yongcheng. Qin Shihuang then dismissed Lv Buwei and exiled Lv Buwei to Bashu. Later, although the nobles of the State of Qin listened to their words and issued an "expulsion order" to expel the diners from the six countries, they were discouraged by Li Si's "persuasion and expulsion" and later appointed Wei Liaozi, Li Si and others.
From 230 years ago to 22 1 year ago, Qin Shihuang adopted the strategy of "making friends far away and attacking near", divided and alienated, and joined forces with Lian Heng [1] to launch a war in which Qin destroyed six countries. Seventeen years of Qin Shihuang (first 230 years), nineteen years of Zhao (first 228 years), twenty-two years of Wei (first 225 years), twenty-four years of Chu (first 223 years), twenty-five years of Yan (first 222 years) and twenty-six years of Qi (first 22 1 year). Finally, the first unified, multi-ethnic and autocratic centralized state in the history of China, the Qin Empire, was established, which was also the beginning of the feudal dynasty in China.
Qin captured Jiuding.
It is said that Jiuding was cast in Yu Xia, symbolizing Kyushu, protected by many countries and made of iron from Kyushu. Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties are regarded as national treasures, and those who have Jiuding are the emperors. In 256 BC (5 1 59 BC), he attacked Qin Jun in Handan and Zhao, and continued to attack Korea and Zhao. Taking this opportunity, the eastern countries launched a joint anti-Qin movement. Under the influence and coercion of Korea, Zhao and other countries, the Duke of the Western Zhou Dynasty, who was ignorant of current affairs, also participated in this activity. The allied forces, under the banner of Zhou Wang, united against the State of Qin. Zhao Haoqi was furious. Qin had long wanted to erase the Western Zhou Dynasty from the map and remove an obstacle for unifying the world as soon as possible. The Western Zhou Dynasty's participation in the anti-Qin campaign just gave Qin an excuse to send troops. In 256 BC (59 years of Yunwang and 565,438+0 years of Qinwang), Chiyou attacked the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Yunwang listened to the words of the Duke of the Western Zhou Dynasty and surrendered Qin to thirty thousand households in thirty-six cities of the Western Zhou Dynasty). The King of Qin made Zhou Nanwang the monarch and the Duke of the Western Zhou the retainer, and sealed him in Liangcheng (now south of Hancheng County, Shaanxi Province). Kuai Wang Yi died in Liangcheng in January. After the country split, he set up Jiuding in Xianyang (a tripod fell in Surabaya on the way, so Qin had to have eight tripods, but it was still customary to call Jiuding). Starting from the following year (52nd year of Zhao Xiang, the first 255th year), historians used the King of Qin to mark this year. In 255 BC, Jiuding moved the capital to Qin, which meant that the king of Qin would be the master of the world and could justifiably crusade against the vassal States.
general policy
After Qin Wang took office, he listened to Li Sijin's suggestion to destroy the six countries and set out to plan the great cause of unifying the six countries. Its general strategic policy is to concentrate far and near and divide them one by one; Take Zhao in the north, Wei in the middle, Korea in the south, and then forge ahead with Yan, Chu and Qi.
Qin Shihuang made many unprecedented achievements in unifying China, and listed several influential ones as follows:
1. Unified writing, making it the foundation of a nation and continuing to this day;
2. Abandoning state-owned counties became the standard management mode after the unification of China, which lasted for thousands of years;
3. Unifying currency and weights and measures greatly facilitates domestic commercial exchanges.
4. The cars are on the same track, and the distance between roads is the same. The construction of Qin Zhi Road has greatly facilitated domestic traffic;
5. Burning books to bury Confucianism, objectively unifying thoughts and avoiding the division of the country due to historical issues; However, the destruction of ancient books in various countries has made a considerable number of ancient cultural faults and ancient history in China dating, which is really regrettable;
6. The construction of Lingqu strengthens the control of the Pearl River Basin, making this area the territory of China forever;
7. Build the Great Wall to make it a natural dividing line between agricultural and nomadic peoples, and the Great Wall will become a national border for a long time;
8. Attack the Huns in the north and recapture the Hetao area, making it the territory of China forever.