Speaking of Mr. Lu Xun, I will think of my ancestors, my grandmother’s great-uncle, Mr. Shou Jingwu who opened the “Sanwei Bookstore”—Mr. Lu Xun’s first teacher. Sanwei Bookstore was a famous private school in Shaoxing at that time. Mr. Lu Xun studied here in his childhood. Sanwei Bookstore
Generally speaking, the explanation of "Sanwei Bookstore" is to use three flavors to vividly describe the taste of reading ancient books such as "Poems", "Books", and various schools of thought. Mr. Sun Shouyu of Mr. Shou Jingwu wrote in The article said this: "I have heard the explanation of the meaning of Sanwei Bookstore from my grandfather Shou Jingwu more than once. My grandfather's explanation of the meaning of 'Sanwei Bookstore' is 'warm cloth, fragrant roots of vegetables, and poetry and books'." "The taste is long." Mr. Shou Jingwu said: "'Buyi' means common people, 'Buyi Nuan' means being willing to be a common people and not becoming an official or a master; 'Caigengxiang' means being content with a simple meal, not envious or yearning for anything. Enjoy the delicacies of mountains and seas; "Poems and books have a long taste" means to carefully understand the profound contents of poems and books, so as to gain a profound taste." It is said that this was formulated by Mr. Shou Jingwu's father, Shou Yunqiao, and he asked his descendants to understand it carefully and practice it. . Mr. Shou Jingwu faithfully abided by his father's instructions and determined not to be an official. He also opposed and prohibited his son from becoming an official. He did not allow his youngest son to rush for the exam, and even locked him upstairs and had every meal delivered to him. As a result, his youngest son tied a hemp rope to the window and door, jumped down the rope, and escaped from the building. He finally went to Beijing to pass the first-class imperial examination and became the magistrate of Nong'an County, Jilin Province. Mr. Shou Jingwu scolded him for being unfilial for a long time. Probably Wuyue was a land of mountains, rivers, and plenty of food. If a scholar's family had some small property, it would not be difficult for him to survive and he would have to become an official. Coupled with the political chaos in the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Shou Lao hated the corruption in the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty. He believed that in troubled times, one should never become an official. Even if he became an official, he would be a coward. At that time, such an attitude of retreating from the world and not conforming to the currents was valuable. Combined with the naming of "Sanwei Bookstore", we can clearly see the integrity and kindness of the old man. This would probably have an impact on his students, such as Mr. Lu Xun, who later became an anti-feudal warrior! We often talk about Mr. Lu Xun’s courage, determination and profoundness in criticizing traditional culture. Although Mr. Lu Xun was influenced by many Western influences, he was not a person who grew up in the West. Before accepting Western influences, he had lived in traditional Chinese culture for more than ten years. We cannot understand Mr. Lu Xun too modernly. The opening up of the May Fourth era enabled Chinese people to understand the West to the greatest extent, but the May Fourth era was also an era that was very close to traditional culture. In front of the operating table to save the evil nature of the Chinese people, the disharmony between the Western knife and the Chinese stomach is also deeply reflected in Mr. Lu Xun's works and in all the contradictions of Mr. Lu Xun, including hope and despair. We at Sanwei Bookstore
not only need to read a piece of confidence from his battle, we also need to read a piece of the Chinese spirit from his trembling. Tradition is a link that does not restrict people's hearts, but exists deep in the blood that people rely on to live. Thinking of what kind of person Mr. Lu Xun’s first teacher was, and what kind of people Mr. Lu Xun’s compatriots were, I couldn’t help but ask: Could it be that Mr. Lu Xun’s sharp essays have nothing to do with “Poems”, “Books”, “Rites” and “Music”? Can't it produce cries? For me, the similarity between Mr. Lu Xun's essays and the classics of Confucius and Mencius is not the beauty of the writing or the superb rhetoric, but a spiritual coincidence. All the traditional cultural education I received did not prevent me from accepting Lu Xun at all, and brought me closer to him rather than farther away. Mr. Shouning wrote: "Every year before the Spring Festival, Lu Xun always wrote a 'New Year's letter' to my grandfather on 'big red eight-line paper'. They were all respectful and upright lowercase letters, with the words 'Mirror, my master, you are sending me a letter to your father-in-law. Please give me your best wishes.'" ' begins with 'Blessings and Peace' and ends with the words 'Those who have received the karma will bow their heads and pay a hundred bows'. "Mr. Lu Xun hated the feudal ethics of cannibalism, but here he showed his respect for specific traditions. The respectful aspect of morality. I feel that Mr. Lu Xun’s criticism of traditional culture and traditional morality was largely due to the needs of the times. If Mr. Lu Xun were alive today, he might also cry out for the traditional spirit. The ancients had two sayings about what the "three flavors" are: one is a metaphor for the experience of reading, "reading the classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like delicious food, and reading hundreds of scholars tastes like glutinous rice." Three These experiences are collectively called "three flavors". The second is that "three flavors" comes from Li Shu's "Handan Bibliography" of the Song Dynasty: "The taste of poetry and books is Taigan, Shi is Zhezu, Zi is Xiangmin, and it is the three flavors." This compares books such as Poetry, History, and Zi to delicacies. Delicious food is likened to a good spiritual food. There is a pair of hugs on the pillars on both sides of the "Sanwei Bookstore" where Lu Xun studied: "Best happiness is silent but only filial piety, and the taste of soup is a book of poetry." This can be seen in the "Sanwei Bookstore" This is what the "three flavors" should be used for. The third is to borrow Buddhist language. "Three flavors" is "samadhi", which is the transliteration of Sanskrit samadhi. It originally refers to the three realms of reciting Buddhist scriptures and comprehending their meanings: one is "concentration", the second is "positive feeling", and the third is "etc." "Persistence" means that before chanting sutras, one should stop distracting thoughts and be calm and focused; one should have a correct attitude when understanding the meaning of sutras, with all kinds of respectful piety; one should concentrate on and maintain a consistent spirit during the learning process.
With the integration of Buddhist thought and Han nationality culture, "Samadhi" has gradually been extended to a summary of the essential spiritual meaning of things. There are expressions such as "Samadhi in it" and "Samadhi in getting it", which are used to describe the accuracy and depth of knowledge. Sanwei Bookstore: It was a famous private school in Shaoxing City in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Xun studied here when he was 12 years old, and his tutor was Mr. Shou Jingwu. Sanwei Study House is a small flower hall with three long rooms. It was originally the study room of the Shou family. Mr. Shou Jingwu has been teaching here for sixty years. The flavor of "Sanwei Bookstore": The "Sanwei Bookstore" mentioned by Mr. Lu Xun in his famous prose "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore" is located near Mr. Lu Xun's former residence in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his youth. . So, why is it called "Sanwei Bookstore"? It turns out that "three flavors" are taken from the ancient saying that "reading the classics tastes like rice and beams, reading history tastes like delicacies, reading hundreds of schools of thought, tastes like fermented glutinous rice (pronounced Xihai, that is, vinegar and meat sauce)". The general idea is: reading the Four Books and Five Classics tastes like eating rice and noodles, which are the basis of food; reading historical records tastes like drinking fine wine and eating delicacies; reading books by various schools of thought tastes like soy sauce and vinegar (like the condiments in cooking) ). The horizontal plaque of "Sanwei Bookstore" was written by Liang Shanzhou, a famous calligrapher during the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. At that time, there was such a woodcut couplet hanging on both sides of the plaque: "The most silent happiness is filial piety and brotherhood, and the flavor of soup is reading." Some people say that "three flavors" originated from "Li Shu's Bibliography". Li Shu said: "The poems and books are Taigen, the history is Zazu, and the disciples are glutinous rice. These are the three flavors of the book." Shouyu also disagreed with this. Shouyu's uncle Shou Zhulin explained: "Three flavors are used to vividly describe the taste of reading ancient books such as poems and books. When I was young, I heard my father and brother say that reading scriptures tastes like rice, and reading history tastes like rice. The delicacies are as delicious as fermented glutinous rice. But it is difficult to find where this canon comes from." This theory was very influential, and Lu Xun's third brother Zhou Jianren also tended to it. However, Shouyu still disagreed. He said: "Such an explanation downplays the rebellious spirit of our ancestors against the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, my grandfather Shou Jingwu personally told me that the three flavors refer to the warmth of cloth, the fragrance of vegetable roots, and the long taste of poetry and books. Buyi refers to Ordinary people, "Bu Yi Nuan" means being willing to be ordinary people instead of becoming officials and lords; "Cai Genxiang" means being satisfied with simple meals and not yearning for the enjoyment of delicacies; "Poems and books have a long taste" means carefully understanding the profound contents of poems and books, so as to Gain a profound taste. This first point of "Buyi Nuan" is very important. This is the core of the thinking of my ancestors Fenglan Gong and Yunqiao Gong. The failure of the industry made them see clearly the corrupt nature of the Qing Dynasty. They believed that it was harming the country and the people. In the Qing Dynasty, being an official was to harm others and yourself. Therefore, the school direction of Sanwei Bookstore was also used as a life guide for descendants. Their descendants were not allowed to take the official examination. Taste." Shouyu said that Shou Jingwu once said to him during his lifetime: "The meaning of these three flavors cannot be told to outsiders, nor can it be written down. This is a family rule set by the ancestor Yun Qiao, because the spirit of 'three flavors' has obvious characteristics. Anti-Qing tendencies may lead to death once word spreads." This is also the main reason why people made many subjective assumptions later. Sanwei Bookstore is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied in his childhood. He went to school here when he was 12 years old. After the autumn of the second year, because his grandfather was imprisoned, the young Lu Xun left home to seek refuge in the rural areas of Shaoxing - Huangfuzhuang and Xiaogaobu, so his studies were interrupted. In the summer of 1894, he returned home and returned to Sanwei Bookstore. This lasted until about half a year before he went to Nanjing Naval Academy to study in 1898, which lasted for six years... Everything here is very well preserved, and it is still as Lu Xun recalled when he wrote: "From a black oily bamboo fan After entering the door, the third room is the study room, with a plaque hanging in the middle saying: Sanwei Study House; below the plaque is a painting, which shows a very fat sika deer lying under an ancient tree. "This plaque and painting were lost before liberation. , after liberation, party cadres tried their best to get it back. Among the classmates who studied with Lu Xun at that time, Zhou Meiqing, Zhang Xiangyao, and Wang Fulin were still alive at the beginning of the liberation. According to the memories of these three old classmates, Sanwei Bookstore restored its original layout. The room looks like an old-style Chinese living room, which would seem strange to today's teenagers. There are 11 seats for students a day; Lu Xun's seat is arranged along the north wall. It is a rectangular table with drawers, and behind the table is a slightly low chair. The light is very dim here and the air seems damp. The right corner of his desk is still engraved with the word "Morning" about an inch square. The knife technique is simple and straight. It is an extremely precious woodcut cultural relic hand-carved by Lu Xun when he was young. As for its origin, it is said to be this: One day, Lu Xun was late for school and was scolded by his private school teacher. He used a knife to carve this square "morning" character to urge himself. From then on, he was never late again. Introduction to Sanwei Bookstore Shoujiataimen is the residence of Mr. Shou Jingwu, Lu Xun’s private school teacher. Shou Jingwu (1849-1930), named Huaijian and courtesy name Jingwu, was a learned scholar. He had good conduct and upright character. He hated fame all his life. He stopped taking exams after he passed the examination to become a scholar. He devoted his life to teaching apprentices. Lu Xun praised him as "the most upright, simple and knowledgeable man in this city". The Shoujiatai Gate was purchased by Shou Jingwu's grandfather Feng Lan during the Jiaqing period. It has a total construction area of ??795 square meters. It faces a small river in the front and is connected by a stone bridge. There is a bamboo garden in the west. The whole building is across the river from the Zhou family's old Taimen. Facing each other, the famous Sanwei Bookstore at home and abroad is located in the east wing of Shoujiatai Gate.
The first step is to enter the Taimen Dou. There is a plaque of "Wenkui" hanging above the hidden gate. This plaque was hung for Changshou Zizhi, the brother of Lu Xun's private school teacher Shou Jingwu. This plaque is used to honor the lintel of the family and indicates that the Shou family has held imperial examinations and is a scholarly family. To the west of the first entrance door, across the patio, there is a small square bamboo garden. We now arrange the north wing of the bamboo garden as "Sanyu Bookstore". "Sanyu Bookstore" is the original name of "Sanwei Bookstore", and "Sanyu Bookstore". The layout of "Yu Bookstore" is modeled after "Sanwei Bookstore". Visitors can sit in this simulated bookstore, experience private school life, or take photos. The second entrance is called the lobby, which is the gathering place for ancestors' death anniversaries, weddings and weddings, and the arrival of distinguished guests. There is a plaque of "Sirentang" hanging on the forehead. A couplet carved on a light green wooden board hangs on the pillar of the hall, which goes: "Appreciate the festivals of Mount Tai and Qiao Yue, and embrace the flowing water and move the clouds." Hanging on the golden pillar at the back is a pair of praises for Lu Xun's private school teacher Shou Jingwu's virtues and speeches: "The morality and justice are reflected in the character, and the admonitions are the virtues and the mulberry." Passing through the patio, that is, the third entrance - a building. Here are the original displays in front of the chapel, study room and Mr. Shou Jingwu’s bedroom. The front of the chapel is a place used to receive relatives and friends. There is a plaque "Revisiting Panshui" hanging on the retreat screen. This plaque is the 60th year of Shouchengwu's scholar (entering Pan), that is, the year before his death in 1928, his nephew Shou Xiaotian sent congratulations. Lu Xun was full of sincere love and respect for Mr. Shou Jingwu. After leaving Shaoxing, he continued to exchange letters with Mr. Shou Jingwu. In 1906, Lu Xun returned to Shaoxing and visited this teacher again, telling him what he had seen and heard outside. Mr. Shou Jingwu received him here at that time. Mr. Shou Jingwu's study room is a typical study room layout of a private school teacher's home. It is equipped with special bookcases for "Twenty-Four Histories", ordinary bookcases, study utensils, etc. There is a plaque of "Sanyu Zhai" hanging on the forehead beam in the room. The meaning of "Sanyu" is taken from Pei Song's annotation in "Three Kingdoms", which is what Dong Yu said, "In order to learn, you should take more than three years, winter means the rest of the year, and night means the day. "The clouds and rains will be sunny." This means that people should use all their spare time to study hard. Mr. Shou Jingwu's bedroom is filled with canopy beds, wardrobes, chests, wooden recliners, clothes hangers, washstands and other items. Because Mr. Shou Jingwu is very strict in teaching, he only accepts eight students every year. He thinks that he cannot teach more than he wants, so his teaching income is very limited. Therefore, the bedroom furnishings we see now exceed what Mr. Shou Jingwu actually had at that time. Living conditions, in fact, he lived a more frugal and poor life. Going east from the third entrance is the east wing of Shoujiatai Gate, which is divided into south and north parts. The south wing now displays an introduction to the ancient history of education in the historical and cultural city of Shaoxing, which is divided into three parts: "Yue Zhong County School, Yue Zhong Academy and Yue Middle School". The wing to the north is Mr. Lu Xun's reading place - Sanwei Bookstore.