Zhuge Liang is the Prime Minister of Shu and cannot go to Taiwan.
During the Three Kingdoms period, in the spring of 230 AD, Sun Quan of the Eastern Wu Dynasty sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhuge to lead a fleet of more than 10,000 sergeants, setting sail from Zhang'an (now Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province) and arriving at Yizhou (today's Taiwan) and developed and operated it there. This is the earliest record of navigation between mainland China and Taiwan in the official history of China.
In 230 AD, at the important moment of the competition and reunification of the three kingdoms, Sun Quan sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge to lead tens of thousands of soldiers from Zhang'an, an ancient port in eastern Zhejiang, in order to achieve "unification of the whole world and open up sea territories". The mission was overseas, as far away as Taiwan. "Three Kingdoms: Wu Zhu Zhuan" records: "On the first month of spring in the second year of Huanglong, I floated on the sea to seek Yizhou (that is, Taiwan) and Danzhou (Hainan Island). The army marched for many years, and eight out of ten soldiers died of diseases. Nine, thousands of people from Yizhou (i.e. Taiwan) will be returned." This is a rare feat in the history of ancient East Asian navigation. It is also the first record of large-scale exchanges between mainland China and Taiwan, the first voyage to Taiwan in the name of the national government, and the first record of exercising state power in Taiwan. It is a rare miracle in ancient my country and even in the history of navigation in the Pacific region, and has written a glorious page in the history of world culture. The State Council's "White Paper on Taiwan" records this historical event and provides a brief introduction. In 2003, Zhejiang TV Station filmed a documentary for external television and broadcast it on CCTV Channel 4, which had a great impact. The famous Taiwanese historian Mr. Lian Yatang said in his "General History of Taiwan": "My ancestor Hongwei crossed the sea and entered the wilderness to colonize this land. He has been a businessman for his descendants for thousands of years. He has made great achievements." He also said: "Taiwan is a solid land, and our ancestors settled there early and expanded it in order to raise their children. Therefore, since the founding of the country, the planning of lawsuits and the planning of the people have all been based on the rule of law." Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi's trip was instrumental in developing Taiwan and intensifying cultural and economic ties and exchanges along the southeastern coast. It also opened up my country's East China Sea, the Nanyang Islands and sea lanes in Southeast Asian countries, and opened up the Western Regions for Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. It is of great political and historical significance in the history of the development of the Chinese nation to rival Da Qin and others.
Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhuge sent a fleet of ten thousand people to Taiwan from the ancient port of Zhang'an, which is unknown in ancient Chinese books. First, Zhang'an is one of the earliest ancient ports and ancient counties that emerged on the southeastern coast of my country during the Han Dynasty. It has a vast jurisdiction and relatively developed maritime transportation. It starts from Tiantai Mountain in the north and the Minjiang River estuary in the south, including today's Taizhou, Wenzhou, Lishui, Jianou and Fuzhou in Fujian. The land of the five states, "Hanshu" records: "Zhang'an, the land of Guzhiye and Minyue, was renamed by Guangwu. In the third year of Yonghe, Zhang'an and Dongou Township were designated as counties." It is also known as: "The sea transportation from the north to the south is from Dongou". "Fu Zhi" says: "Zhang'an was a famous county in ancient times. It was famous for its clothing and accessories in the Jin Dynasty. It was lined with markets in the east and west, and ships were shipped at the head of the tide." It said: "It is the gateway to southern Zhejiang and northern Fujian." Also known as Zhang'an: "There is Dongzhen Mountain (today's Dachen Island) in the east of the sea. Looking at the sea from the foot of the mountain, there is a stone protruding out. When boating to Goryeo and the Japanese country, it must be regarded as accurate." Maritime shipping is developed, and it is also the southeastern captaincy of the military center of the Later Han Dynasty. The place of governance. Later, due to the development of the cause of unification of my country in the southeast, the political and economic center of gravity moved southward, Wenzhou, Fuzhou, and Quanzhou emerged, while Zhang'an declined. For more than a thousand years, it has become an obscure and deserted village on the southeast coast. Second, after Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi were ordered to enter Yizhou, only "Three Kingdoms", "Linhai Soil and Foreign Objects" and "Zizhi Tongjian" have some records; about important politics, military, administrative management, appointment and removal of officials, and cities , system establishment, and there are no specific records; for example, after entering Yizhou, the friendly contacts between the army led by Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi and the local Yi kings, chiefs, and people, as well as the relevant major wars that occurred during the conquest, etc., have been lost and unknown, so to this day Scholars seldom pay attention to or study it. Furthermore, there is no systematic review in the historical circles regarding the brief overview of the place where this trip set out to sea and its arrival in Yizhou. It is said that "from the east county of Kuaiji, it is a journey to the sea"; it is said that it is "from Juzhang", "from Linhai"; or "from the east of the floating sea to seek Yizhou". In view of this, the author wrote an analytical paper about this trip in "The History of Water Transport in China" in 1984, "An Analysis of Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi of the Eastern Wu Dynasty from Zhang An to Taiwan". After more than ten years of consulting information, research and analysis, and with the help of relevant Archeology and cultural relics prove that he went to the sea from Zhang'an in Linhai County at that time and entered Yizhou. For one year, he did have "extensive and peaceful contact" with the chiefs of the Yi king and the local people, and temporarily exercised the power of the state for a short period of time. Under the objective conditions of medieval navigation, Wei Wen and Zhuge Li led tens of thousands of people across the ocean, crossing vast distances, facing difficulties and obstacles, and unpredictable storms. It was a rare feat. Even though Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi ended up tragically ending their lives because of Sun Quan's misjudgment that they "had no merit", they still tried their best to complete the Wu State's plan of "expanding the sea territory to establish a great cause" and fulfilled their mission. , which left a glorious page in the history of the development of the Chinese nation.
First, Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi went on overseas missions and arrived in Taiwan. There are clear records in official history. Judging from relevant historical records: "Three Kingdoms: Wu Zhu Zhuan" said that Sun Quan: "Sent generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi... floating on the sea to ask for Yizhou and Danzhou... but thousands of people from Yizhou returned. Elders rumored that Qin Shihuang sent alchemists Xu Fu sent thousands of young men and women into the sea, and they never returned to this island. There were tens of thousands of people living there, and their goods came to Kuaiji from time to time. "Volume 71 of "Zizhi Tongjian", 4th year of Taihe. Quoting from "Book of the Later Han·Biography of Dongyi": "There are Yizhou and Danzhou overseas in Kuaiji...People from Dongye County in Kuaiji have gone to sea, and some have been swept to Danzhou".
The historical records of my country's pre-Qin period: "Historical Records", "Hanshu", "Yue Jueshu", "Shan Hai Jing", "Yu Gong", etc. have been recorded in Kuaiji, Juzhang and Minzhong counties in Zhejiang and Fujian, and there are folk sea voyages and rafting After arriving in Taiwan, the people of Zhang'an, Dongou, and Dongye entered Yizhou one after another, and can be seen in the ancient history of my country. "Tongjian" records this trip more clearly: "Yizhou is two thousand miles east of present-day Linhai County." Taiwan, that is, Yizhou, has long been determined by history. Zhang'an was the county seat of Huipu in the Han Dynasty and Linhai in the Eastern Wu Dynasty, which is now Taizhou. Ma Biao of the Jin Dynasty noted in "Xu Han Zhi" that Ye and Zhang An looked at each other: "Ye is the hometown of Zhang An"; the first outstanding work on seaports, shipping, and seafood in the history of my country's maritime transportation is "Linhai Soil and Foreign Objects Chronicles" written by Shen Ying of the Eastern Wu Dynasty. , which gives a brief introduction to Yizhou's location, geography, folk customs and customs. The article states: "Yizhou is located in the east of Linhai, two thousand miles away from the county, and travels from Dongye to the sea." It is also said: "The people of Yizhou settled down." "Taizhou Fu Zhi" says: "Zhang'an, the ancient city, is 150 miles east of the county, Hanhui Pu County, Lingshui flows to its toes, Haimen stands next to it, there are markets on the east and west, Pu Xuhui does business, and the tide comes. Ships arrive at Lan Qianqiang." It can be seen that Zhang'an County has a certain scale, with developed shipbuilding, prosperous maritime trade, and relatively active north-south navigation. Therefore, "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Kuaiji County" says: "Zhang Angu governed Ye", and "Taikang Ji" also says: "Ye, Yin County returned to Pu Township in the south". It also contains the captain of the southeastern military town, which was moved from Yinxian County to Zhang'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty and "never moved again". Yin County refers to Siming and Ningbo; Huipu, to the south of Yin County, refers to Zhang'an. The "people of Anjia" are the people of Luojiang, Anyang, Linhai County during the Eastern Wu Dynasty. In summary, according to the relevant ancient books, Huipu, Dongou, and Dongye are all part of the county and have traditional historical maritime routes; only the official large-scale envoys of Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to Taiwan set out to sea from Linhai County in the east of Kuaiji. , is the first record in Chinese history.
What is worth mentioning here is that old chronicles have different opinions about Dongye's note, and there was controversy only about the port of entry to the sea. Some think that Dongye is Zhang'an of Linhai County, or Yongning (today's Huangyan), or Wenzhou, while others think that it is Houguan or Fuzhou. "Taizhou Prefecture Chronicles" and "Linhai County Chronicles" record that the east side of Linhai has the name of "iron field". It also records that Niutoushan in the boundaries of Zhang'an, Lin (Hai), and Huang (Yan) is the "ancient iron smelting center" set up by Soochow in the Three Kingdoms. "So", there is still an iron field brigade in Zhang'an today. However, if we take a closer look at the Yeshan Mountain in the north of Fuzhou City, it is named after the people and the spring, neither of which is necessarily related to iron smelting. Therefore, Sima Biao's "Extended Han Chronicles" says: "Ye is the former Ye of Zhang'an", and Tang Li Jifu's "Annals of Yuanhe Prefectures and Counties" further says: "Ye is the former county of Zhang'an in Taizhou today". It must be correct during the Soochow period. Ye Guoqing, a historian who studies Taiwan today, and Mr. Zhang Chonggen, who edited "Linhai Soil and Foreign Objects" also believe that "Dongye was called Yongning when it was in Soochow, and Yongning should be Huangyan." "Huangyan County Chronicles" written by Wanli of the Ming Dynasty says: "Huangyan is surrounded by the sea and pillowed by mountains. It was the gateway to Fujian, Guangzhou, Wuyue, and was a metropolis in the southeast in ancient times." Zhang'an is where Huangyan's Chengjiang River and Linhai's Lingjiang River go out to sea. Huangyan was under the jurisdiction of Linhai County during the Soochow Dynasty. Therefore, the place where Weiwen and Zhugezhi go out to sea is Zhang'an Port on the border of Lin and Huang counties today. Believe it.
Secondly, looking at Zhang An’s historical position at that time, Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi went directly to Yizhou, which was in line with the local situation of Soochow and the conditions for going to sea, and was beneficial to Soochow to open up the sea and compete with Wei, Shu and Wu. The "universal unification" of the Three Kingdoms. Zhang'an is located at the east end of Linhai County, close to the sea on one side. It has a mild climate and a dangerous position. It is surrounded by mountains and seas. Ancient civilization developed very early. Zhang'an is one of the earliest ancient ports to rise on the southeast coast of my country. It is the political and economic center of Linhai County in Soochow and the seat of Southeast Duwei, a military town that developed the southeast coast. "Wu Zhi" and "Song Book·Prefecture and County Chronicles" state: "The prefect of Linhai (county) is also the eastern captain of Kuaiji. He was established in the second year of Wu Taiping"; it is said that Shen Ying's "Water, Soil and Foreign Objects Chronicle" is "the first of the county chronicles." First". Liu Zhiji, a famous historian in the Tang Dynasty, also said in "Shi Tong": "Before Zhou Chu's "Fengtu Ji" was written, the two of them were serving in Wu together, and they were responsible for building things (overseas)." . According to the Records of Linhai, Soil and Foreign Objects, the area around Zhang'an produced copper and iron from the mountains and cast its own armor. There were many boathouses in the county, and sea and land transportation was also very convenient. It was one of the earliest ancient ports and ancient counties to rise on the southeastern coast in ancient times. In the early Han Dynasty, "Huipu County was built to govern Zhang'an". Emperor Zhao of the Han Dynasty set up the Eastern Duwei in the east of Kuaiji. Wei Zhi first governed Ye and Yin counties, and then "no longer moved" in Zhang'an. In the second year of Taiping, the Young Emperor of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, Linhai County was established, which governed three areas including Taizhou, Wenzhou, and Lishui. The county and Weizhi were also in Zhang'an. It goes to Liaodong in the north and Hainan in the south, "all reaching Dongou", and is known as "a big city on the sea". Hengyu, Yongning, Dongye, and Jian'an in Linhai County all have large-scale shipbuilding bases. Soochow's famous general He Qi served as the commander of Wentai Yongning and vigorously developed the maritime shipbuilding industry. "The Chronicle of the Three Kingdoms·The Biography of He Qi" quoted from " "Feng Tu Ji" says: "The small boat is called the boat, the big boat is called the boat, the one with Wenma Wuhui, oak comes from Yongning County, and the five editions are combined into a big boat, because he is named after the Wuhui." It is also called He Qi's ship: "carved with red engravings" , Qing Yi looks forward, uses the best materials to make oars, swords and spears... Meng Chong's battleship belongs to them, and they look like mountains." It has close shipping exchanges with Hudu (Shanghai), Lianyun, Changshan, and Liaodong in the north, and Houguan, Hainan, and Panyu in the south, and "goes to Southeast Asian countries." The newly established Linhai County in Soochow was the most important strategic base for Soochow to develop the southeastern coast. These all show that Zhang'an Ancient County has various conditions for sending envoys overseas and Yizhou. Wei Wen and Zhuge directly led their troops from Zhang'an in the east of Kuaiji. When going to sea, political and military planning and the preparation of materials and troops are also more convenient. It is reasonable and reasonable for the military command structure to be placed in Zhang'an. Therefore, Shen Ying annotated this trip: "Traveling from Linhai to the east and into the sea." The place to go to sea refers to Zhang'an.
Many brick tombs from the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties have been found in Zhang'an, Yongquan, Duqiao, Datian and other places near the sea today. The brick surfaces have linear patterns, carp patterns, mat patterns and rope patterns. During the Cultural Revolution, Zhang An once discovered the bronze seal of "Duwei", but unfortunately it has been lost and its fate is unknown. In the 1930s, Japanese archaeologists discovered palm-shaped ancient bricks used to build city walls during the Soochow period in Taipei. The brick surfaces also had lines, fish-like patterns, and mat-like patterns. my country's feudal dynasties, especially the Wei, Shu and Wu during the Three Kingdoms period, competed for territory and unified the world. Every time they conquered a land, they must "govern the city and build towers" to show the formal management of the national government. In their papers, Mr. Ye Guoqing and Mr. Zhang Chonggen both pointed out with certainty: "The palm-shaped ancient bricks from Soochow found in Taipei, Taiwan, are not so much the result of economic exchanges between Taiwan and the mainland. The physical evidence left by Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi as envoys to Taiwan." Since similar relics have been unearthed in Linhai and Taiwan, it is likely that this relic was brought or passed on by Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi when they were on their missions.
Third, judge from the relevant information provided by Shen Ying's "Linhai Soil and Foreign Objects". "Linhai, Soil and Foreign Objects" is an excellent regional chronicle that records the products, geography, customs, social production and life of Linhai County and the sea areas of Taiwan's Gaoshan people at that time. It can be said that it is an encyclopedia for us to study the economic, culture and social life customs of the Yue and Gaoshan people on the ancient southeast coast today. It is also a precious historical and geographical work for studying maritime exchanges on the southeast coast, Taiwan, Hainan, and even the South China Sea. It has the characteristics of Very high value of information and documentation. As a local historical record, it can be compared with the "Yue Jueshu", the earliest local chronicle in Zhejiang Province; as a historical geographical work, it can be compared with "Funan Foreign Object Records" and "Foreign Records" compiled by Kang Tai and Zhu Ying at that time. Zhen's "Nanzhou Foreign Objects" and Faxian's "Buddha's Kingdom" are on par with others. "Shen Zhi" has been lost and is recorded in the official history "Sui Shu Jing Ji Ji Ji Shi Bu Ge Ge Ji". Later, Jia Sixie of the Northern Wei Dynasty published "Qi Min Yaoshu", Sun Shen of the Southern Dynasty wrote "Linhai Ji"; Tang Yu Shinan's "Beitang Shuchao", Liu Zhiji's "Shi Tong", Ouyang Xun's "Yi Wen Lei Ju", and Duan Chengwu's "Youyang Zazu" , Li Shan's "Annotations to Selected Works"; Song Li Fang's "Taiping Yulan"; Yuan Tao Zongyi's "Zhuogeng Lu"; Ming and Qing Li Zizhen's "Compendium of Materia Medica", etc., all have notes.
Shen Ying was born in the later period of Sun Wu Dynasty. She was born shortly before Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi went on their mission. Chen Qiqing's "Jiading Chicheng Chronicle" calls her "a native of Zhang'an, Linhai County"; Yao Zhenzong said in Volume 21 of "Textual Textual Research on Classical Records of Sui Dynasty": "Wu You Shen Heng, courtesy name Zhongshan, was from Wujun... Ying and Heng both came from jade, or Kunjixing", and believed that Shen Ying was "probably from Wukang, Wuxing" ". "Wu Zhi·Sun Hao Biography" and Pei's notes say that he later served as the prefect of Danyang. From the "Foreign Objects Chronicle" written by him, he had a very good understanding of the mountains and rivers, terrain, sea and land foreign objects, customs and customs of Linhai County, the southeast coast and Taiwan. It is possible that the governor of Danyang previously served as the governor of Linhai County and the school captain. "The Biography of Master Wu" records: On the eve of the death of Soochow, he and Prime Minister Zhang Ti led their troops to Niuzhu, a natural danger on the Yangtze River. "Hao sent Ti to supervise Shen Ying, and Zhuge's handsome men crossed the river with 30,000 soldiers to oppose him." They blocked the Jin Dynasty. Jun Du Yu and Wang Hun led their troops to the south. It can be seen that Shen Ying was the main commanding officer of the Soochow Navy and had experience in water warfare. His subordinate, Liu Rong, a native of Dongyang, Linhai, also followed Prime Minister Zhang Ti and Guard Sun Zhen to lead the "Green Scarf Army, which was repeatedly trapped in battle formations". Later, he was defeated and "Jin won Ti and Ying, so Liu Rong left." Rong may have been a member of Shen Ying's guard staff and was familiar with sea areas and naval warfare. It was Ying who followed Ying when he was transferred to Danyang from Linhai.
Lian Heng's "General History of Taiwan" is based on the "Book of Fujian" and "Zhejiang Chronicles": after he was called Sun Wu, during the Daye Period of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, he followed the example of Soochow and made three trips to "Liuqiu" (that is, Taiwan ), the article states: "In the spring of the sixth year of Daye, Wu Bilang general Chen Leng and Qing Dynasty official Zhang Zhenzhou attacked Liuqiu, defeated them and took 17,000 prisoners." However, according to Shen's Records of Foreign Objects in the Land and Lands of Linhai, when the fleet of 10,000 people led by Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi arrived in Taiwan, there seemed to be no major military battles; they used peaceful long-range measures to reconcile the local people, and conducted a short-lived war. Regarding political governance and administration, the annals stated: "The floating sea asked for Yizhou and Chanzhou, but thousands of people from Yizhou returned." It can be seen that the people of Taiwan are still willing to reach the mainland peacefully. The book roughly records Taiwan's history, regional location, social production, customs and sentiments, mountains and sea products, etc., with detailed and vivid descriptions. It shows that Taiwan is still in the transition period from primitive society to slave society, and the production method is in the stage of using both gold and stone. Such as the historical relics of ancient Yue in Yizhou: "There is a shot by the King of Yue on the top of the mountain"; it is said that the original social organization of the Gaoshan people: "The name is the king, the land is divided, and the people are different." Classes have been divided, kings divide the land, and people are subordinate to local kings and chiefs. It is also recorded that Zhou Chuo entered the coastal islands: "The continent of Mao Ren is in Zhangyu. He obtained Mao Ren and sent him to Yi Moling (Nanjing)." Mao Ren was almost a slave. It is also known as Yizhou: "The land is fertile, the vegetation is immortal, there are many fish, the ground is free of frost and snow, and there are five kinds of crops planted there, and the ground also produces copper and iron." Volume 174 of "General History of Taiwan" refers to Keelung and Kaohsiung: "In ancient times, they were barbaric territories. The land was dominated by the Tufan tribe, and it was the farthest north. The people lived on grass and wood and lived by themselves. The forests were deep and miasma flourished. And trade It is also a large port, and the benefits from coal mines are endless." This is very consistent with the geography and mine distribution of Yizhou Taichung recorded in "Linhai Soil and Foreign Object Chronicles". It is also recorded that the people of Yizhou are good at fighting, "they only use deer bones as spears to fight, and sharpened bluestones as bows and arrows"; there are also strong marine life customs: "take raw meat and stew it in a large earthenware vessel, marinate it with salt, and wait for the rest of the month , thought it was a good dish."
It was also mentioned that the early culture, customs and sentiments were very similar to those along the coasts of Zhejiang and Fujian: "The people on the island were good at singing and dancing. When their parents died, they killed dogs to sacrifice their dead. After drinking, singing and dancing, they were hanging among the rocks in the mountains." This is also very consistent with what is recorded in "Northern History·Liuqiu Zhuan": "The folk song is about tapping hoofs. One person sings it, and everyone joins in. The sound is quite plaintive, and the woman is lifted up by her arms and shakes the water to dance." It is consistent with the folk customs of Taizhou. There are surprising similarities. During the Kaiyuan period of the Tang Dynasty, the Taizhou Peasant Uprising broke out in eastern Zhejiang, affecting the five provinces of Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangsu, Anhui and Jiangxi, with "more than 200,000 people." At that time, the leader of the uprising, Yuan Chao, a native of Linhai, Taizhou, used the popular ancient Yue folk custom of "Niujiu Roaring Gathering". "The ceremony mobilized the people and gathered soldiers: "The commander of the canal served cattle and wine to work the army." "Book of the Tang Dynasty" states that in order to suppress the uprising, Han Huang, the Zhejiang and East-West Observatory envoy, strictly prohibited the gathering of cattle, wine and roaring: "It was forbidden to slaughter cattle to stop his plot. If the crime was suspected, he would be punished. Dozens of people would be sentenced to one sentence, which made everyone feel terrified."
It is worth emphasizing that Shen Ying described the life, customs and customs of Taiwanese people in the magazine: "Only deer bones are used as spears for fighting, and sharpened bluestones are used as bows and arrows." Brine it with salt and cook it for more than a month, and serve it as a delicacy." And "the copper and iron are produced in the land, and weapons are made by oneself." "Decoration, similar to Yizhou" etc. Similar cultural relics have been found in Taizhou to this day, and the people of Taizhou have also retained some living customs. Naturally, Shen Ying knew some of the real circumstances of Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi’s mission to Taiwan. Therefore, Mr. Wu Zhuangda believed: “Shen Ying’s "Linhai, Soil and Foreign Objects" records the Yizhou incident after the battle in 230 AD, and its main source of material is It may also be related to this battle, or obtained directly from this battle" ("The Development of Taiwan" pp. 5-6). In short, Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi's mission to Taiwan provided precious and rich materials for Shen to write the "Zhi". Therefore, his "Zhi" annotation quoted: "Yizhou went to Linhaidong", without mentioning Fuzhou in sentences. "Linhai East and out to sea" is undoubtedly the port for this campaign.
Fourthly, another important reason why Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi led their troops to Taiwan and sailed from Zhang'an was that frequent Shanyue unrest broke out in eastern Zhejiang at that time, and a considerable number of Yizhou people were also They migrated across the ocean from the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian. The Shanyue people of Dongwu mainly lived in scattered areas in present-day Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Anhui and southern Jiangsu. The Sun family divided Jiangdong and expanded to the southeastern coast. First, they encountered resistance from the local Shanyue, and secondly, they were competing for power from the Kuaiji clan in Wu County; It constitutes the most serious social problem in the Wu Kingdom, so the Sun Wu ruling group regards Shanyue as a "big trouble". Lu Xun, the famous general of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, said to Sun Quan when he first came out: "Mountains are crossed by old evils, and the terrain is dangerous and difficult. Without peace of mind, it is difficult to reach far." It was during his tenure as the governor of Danyang that Zhuge Ke strengthened the walls and cleared the country, suppressed and appeased them at the same time. It took him three years to pacify the Shanyue bordering Danyang and Wujun, and forced a hundred thousand Shanyue to come out of the mountains and surrender. The wars in Soochow to pacify Shanyue occurred frequently, and then started again, which seriously affected the political situation of Soochow and the competition among the three countries. Finally, the Soochow regime made up its mind to comprehensively formulate a political and military strategy from west to east to completely quell Shanyue. With their own planning and strategy, they finally pursued Shanyue to the coast of Zhejiang and Fujian, forcing them to flee across the sea and into the mountains and forests. Wei Wen and Zhuge directly led thousands of people, which must be closely related to Fu Hai's pursuit of Shan Yue who fled to the sea. Therefore, the "Biography of the Lord of Wu" records: "Yizhou is a different place in a foreign land, and I want to capture its people to benefit the masses" to enrich the supply of troops and horses. , strengthen coastal defense, maritime transportation, and maritime communication activities.
Fifth, Sun Quan competed for domestic unification, and Wu State was close to the southeast coast. In the struggle between Wei, Shu and Wu, the political and military advantages and strength were not as good as those of Wei and Shu. Historical records: "Cao Wei "It is strong, Shu and Han are righteous, and Wu is in the middle, and they are all invincible." Its most prominent economic and geographical advantages are that it has vast oceans and sea areas, and it has important bases for going to sea. Only large-scale development of sea areas and development Only by developing the ocean, seafood, shipping, and seaport businesses could Sun Wu defeat Wei Shu and complete his historical mission. Sun Quan is the most wise and outstanding monarch in the history of our country who vigorously explored the oceans and sea areas. In 228, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor and had great ambitions: "Now that Han and Wu are allied, we will work together to defeat the Wei thieves and unify the whole world." He formulated a grand plan to comprehensively develop the southeastern coast, "turning boats into horses and giant seas into barbarians", striving to achieve the "Eastern Maritime Power" that was difficult to achieve by Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. He sent Zhang Mi, Zhou He and others on seven expeditions to Liaodong and went deep into Gaoguli. History records: "Taichang Zhang Mi, Jinwu Xu Yan, and general He Da had tens of thousands of troops, gold, treasures, and goods, and nine gifts of supplies. Taking the sea to Liaodong", the result was that "Gongsun Yuan proclaimed himself a vassal in Wu". Later, a small detachment from Qin Dan and Zhang Qun passed through the Langqu Valley, "as far as Gaoguli". Later, Lu Dai was sent to travel far to Hainan, "with the intention of establishing diplomatic relations with the state, we will resume the campaign against Jiuzhen." He also sent Zhu Ying and Kang Tai, the famous navigators and diplomats, to "promote the nationalization of the south. After turning it over to foreign countries, the kings of Linyi and Tangming sent envoys to pay tribute." According to historical records, "in the fifth year of Huangwu, Qin Lun, a member of the Qin Dynasty, came to Jiaozhi. The prefect Wu Miao sent an envoy to visit Quan. Quan inquired about the local customs and discussed the matter accordingly." Return your country.” Soochow's maritime development and overseas exchanges have spread to East Asia and Southeast Asia, and they also have indirect exchanges with Africa and Daqin, and have made brilliant achievements.
As for the major political and military actions and plans of Soochow to invade Yizhou, Sun Quan still planned them through collective research and planning by the ministers. Volume 71 of "Zizhi Tongjian" quotes "The Biography of Lu Xun": "In the fourth year of Taihe (the second year of Wu Huanglong - 230 AD), Wu sent the generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to the sea to seek help. Yizhou and Danzhou want to capture their people for the benefit of others.
Lu Xun and Quan Zong all remonstrated, thinking that King Huan established his foundation and had only one brigade of troops. Now he has seen the crowd in the east of the Yangtze River and is self-sufficient. He should not travel far away and have no hair. He can attack people from thousands of miles away and the storms are unpredictable. Moreover, the people are changing the soil and water, which will inevitably lead to disease and epidemics. If you want to benefit, More damage. "It brings benefits but harms them, and their people are like beasts. What they get is not enough to help, and what they don't have is not enough to harm the people. The Lord of Wu will not listen." It was then that Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi sent envoys to Taiwan, which was a major matter discussed by the court. In the end, everything was decided by Wu In short, Sun Quan ordered Zhang An to send an envoy to Yizhou because Zhang An was an important political and military center of Soochow on the southeast coast, the center of north-south shipping, and an important place established by Shanyue, with vast mountains and seas. Although it is difficult to take advantage of the sea to pursue the distant mountains and rivers, if it is Fuzhou, the road is far away and the mountains and rivers are many obstacles. If it is to re-operate an expedition base, it is not just a command. Despite the inconvenience, there are also limitations in terms of physical advantages.
As for the historical drama of Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhizhi leading more than 10,000 people to travel far away from Taiwan, with the mission of unifying China, they went through countless hardships. Difficulties and obstacles finally ended in the tragedy of "being executed for no success". The reasons were extremely complex. First, Sun Quan and Wei Shu competed for domestic unification, "planning for thousands of years, an unparalleled strategy to build a maritime power", and opening up frontiers. He actively developed Jiangnan and developed maritime shipping. This was the foundation of his country and the most important political and military strategy to counter Wei and Shu. Unfortunately, Zhuge Zhi's expedition in Weiwen did not complete Sun Quan's planned plan and expedition goals. Furthermore, "Although more than a thousand people from Yizhou were captured, no war horses were obtained, and nine out of ten of the soldiers died of diseases;" and "We traveled far and wide, and attacked people from thousands of miles away. We neither built any cities nor sent any envoys to pay tribute." "Fan Yu Wu"; and taking advantage of the victory to go to sea and pursue Yiyi Mountain and beyond, it did not achieve obvious positive results. During the trip of the three in the fourth year of Taihe, Lu Xun, Quan Zong and others repeatedly "admonished": "We got The actual results achieved are as follows: "Three trips south to Hainan, Funan, and Linyi, and seven trips north to Liaodong and Korea." Attacked hundreds of barbarians in seven counties", "captured tens of thousands", "and sacrificed raccoon dogs and horses"; "Nanxuan Guohua, Funan and Linyi, all officials were clarified, and each sent envoys to pay tribute". Therefore, "The Biography of Lord Wu" " says: In his later years, Sun Quan "ran a lot of jealousy, which resulted in killing, and in his last years, he was more nourished." In the end, he "violated the edict without merit, and was thrown into prison." This has become an eternal historical tragedy, which is thought-provoking and makes people think. Later generations were filled with emotion and lamentation.