1. Title: There are two kinds of abstract titles: single title and double title. A single title can be divided into official titles and article titles. Title of official document: unit name, time limit, abstract content and text name. If there is a unit signature under the title or at the end of the article, the name of the unit may be omitted from the title. Article-style titles generally directly express the basic points of generalization, and are often used for topic generalization.
Double title is to use the above two titles at the same time, and the general title is the title of an article; The subtitle adopts the official document title, supplementing the unit, time limit and content.
2. Text: Like other applied styles, the abstract text is divided into three parts: the beginning, the text and the end, and each part has its own specific content.
3. Beginning: The beginning of the summary is mainly used to summarize the basic situation, including the name of the unit, the nature of the work, the main tasks, the background of the times, the guiding ideology, the purpose of the summary, and the main content tips.
As the beginning part, the work basis, guiding ideology and performance evaluation within the time limit contained in this summary should be clearly expressed in concise words. It is the introduction of work summary, which is convenient to lead to the following content, as long as a short paragraph of text is enough.
4. Subject: This is the main part of the summary, including achievements (highlights) and practices (completion of key indicators), experiences and lessons (problems and deficiencies), future plans (plans for the next stage) and so on. This part is large in space and rich in content, so special attention should be paid to clear levels and clear organization.
Common structure of subject: There are three common structural forms of work summary subject. Vertical structure. It is to arrange the content according to the progress of things or practical activities. When writing, divide the time included in the summary into several stages, and describe the achievements, practices, experiences and experiences of each stage in chronological order.
Transverse structure. According to the different nature and laws of the facts, the contents are expanded in turn according to different categories, so as to be juxtaposed at different levels. The advantage of this writing is that all levels of content are clear and concentrated.
Vertical and horizontal structures. When arranging the content, we should not only consider the time sequence to reflect the development process of things, but also pay attention to the logical connection of the content and sum up the experience and lessons from several aspects. In this way of writing, most of them use a vertical structure to write about the situation or problems at all stages of the development of things, and then use a horizontal structure to sum up experiences or lessons.
There are three external forms of the main part: penetrating, subtitle and ordinal. The penetrating style is suitable for short and concise summary. It is like a short essay, without using any external symbols to show grades. The subtitle type divides the main part into several levels, and each level adds a subtitle that summarizes the core content, which is focused and clear. The ordinal formula also divides the topic into several levels, and each level is arranged according to the serial number, and the levels are clear at a glance.
5. Common content of the text: work review. The tasks, completed steps, measures taken, achievements and existing problems must be described in detail. In particular, the steps and measures should be written in detail and the results achieved should be vividly expressed. In the process of writing work review, we should also consciously take care of the next part of the experience and lessons, let them naturally lead out, and will not cause inconsistent feelings.
Lessons learned. Naturally, we should summarize and refine from the work review. Be sure to write rich and substantial, and appropriately choose specific examples to discuss. Make the summarized experience and lessons have arguments, arguments, flesh and blood and vivid images, which can really inspire and educate people.
6. Conclusion: The conclusion is the conclusion of the whole paper. On the basis of summing up the experience and lessons, put forward the future direction, tasks and measures, show determination and look forward to the future. This paragraph should be coordinated with the beginning, not too long.
Some summaries have already expressed these contents in the text, so there is no need to write an ending. The conclusion part. The main idea is to write a short paragraph. Write long, but downplay the theme. After the summary text is written, the name of the summary unit and the summary time should be written at the lower right of the text (referring to horizontal text).
7. Basic requirements: No matter what format of work summary, its writing should follow the following requirements:
Grasping objective facts and widely possessing materials: this is the basis of writing summary, summing up facts and drawing conclusions. You can't draw a conclusion without facts. The summarized materials should be accurate, typical and rich. The person who writes the summary should spend a lot of energy to collect and accumulate rich materials, and screen the collected materials to ensure the authenticity and typicality of the materials.
Careful analysis and research on the occupied materials: this is the key to writing a good summary. To conduct serious analysis and research, we must first have the correct guiding ideology. This requires the work summarizer to strengthen the study of Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and Deng Xiaoping's Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theory, and take it as the theoretical basis for evaluating the gains and losses of the work.
Secondly, we should adhere to the principle of seeking truth from facts and overcome the shortcomings of exaggerating achievements and avoiding mistakes. Third, adhere to the use of dialectics and look at past work comprehensively. You can see the gains and losses; We can see both the phenomenon and the essence; You can see the mainstream and tributaries.
Finally, we should highlight the key points. Summary is not a running account, and figures and cases cannot be listed in no particular order. It is necessary to carefully select and analyze typical materials around a central theme and highlight the main problems.
Reflect the characteristics and find out the rules: this is the focus of writing a summary. Each unit has its own characteristics, and a good summary should sum up the experiences and lessons that are typical, reflect its own characteristics and have regularity.
The data are true and reliable: the output, project progress, technical indicators, operating income and other data must be 100% accurate.
8. Specific requirements in the writing process: writing an outline. In the prepared outline, you should clearly answer what questions you want to write and which questions are the main questions. It's just a simple summary. Without an outline, you have to have a draft.
The explanation should be short and the background should be clear. The narrative in the abstract must be concise and to the point. Generally, comparative method is used to describe the size of work performance and the advanced and backward work. Through vertical and horizontal contrast, the background is distinct and prominent. The details should be appropriate. According to the purpose and center of the summary, the main questions are written in detail and the secondary questions are written briefly.
Extended data:
Common mistakes in work summary are:
1, the content lacks induction, and the level is chaotic. At the beginning of the common summary, the content meets the requirements at the beginning, but the content is arranged in a mess and omitted. If the materials are organized according to these four experiences, the article will appear in an orderly way. Unfortunately, the relevant materials are piled up at will, and the logic is chaotic, and there is no hierarchy and context at all.
2. Missing important content: You should be able to see the achievements and shortcomings in the summary. Due to the lack of these necessary contents, the final result of the work is not clear, and the subsequent future work plan is also lack of pertinence.
3. The language is not satisfactory: there are many language problems in this summary. The focus of summing up is achievements, practices and experiences, not future plans. Use words to clearly express the meaning of summary. If we really want to sum up the experience that can be used for reference, we must conduct a comprehensive analysis of things, and we must not blindly overwhelm Mount Tai, let alone see the leopard touch the elephant.
Because things do not exist in isolation, but in a system that is interrelated with other things, when summing up one thing, we should also fully understand and analyze other things associated with it.