Historical prose
The concept of historical prose is related to philosophical prose that a hundred schools of thought contend. Philosophical prose focuses on theoretical analysis and debate, without taking notes; Historical prose mainly describes the evolution of historical events, and the earliest historical prose is Shangshu. Shangshu can be divided into modern prose and ancient prose. Jin Wen Shang Shu refers to 29 articles collected by Confucian scholars in the early Han Dynasty after Qin burned books, which were written in the official script prevailing at that time, so it was called Jin Wen Shang Shu. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Shangshu written in ancient Chinese characters was found on the bad wall of Confucius' former residence, which was called Shangshu in ancient Chinese. The ancient prose Shangshu has been proved to be a forgery; There are also some debatable chapters in the history books. The contents of Shangshu are mostly oaths, government proclamations, noble admonitions, and some objective accounts of things. Pan Geng is difficult to read in ancient times, and many original features remain. It mainly describes Pan Geng's three speeches to his subjects when he moved to Yin. Similarly, there are "Da Gao" and "Luo Hao". Gu Ming is a written account of the death of Wang and the ceremony of Kang Wang's accession to the throne. The narrative is clear and orderly, and it has begun to take shape as a note prose.
Warring States policy
The Warring States Policy is a famous historical work in ancient China. The book is written in the order of Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Western Zhou Dynasty, Qin State, Qi State, Chu State, Zhao State, Wei State, South Korea, Yan State, Song State, Wei State and Zhongshan State, with a total of 33 volumes and about 654.38+0.2 million words.
The Warring States Policy mainly describes the political opinions and strategies of strategists during the Warring States period, and shows the historical characteristics and social features of the Warring States period. This is an important book for studying the history of the Warring States.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Up to now, the author of the Warring States Policy has not been determined. Its original names are National Policy, State Affairs, Length, Story, Long Book and Revised Book. At the end of the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Xiang found six kinds of manuscripts of military strategists in the Royal Library when sorting out books, but the contents were confusing and the words were incomplete. So Liu Xiang compiled the Warring States Policy according to the country. Therefore, it is obvious that the Warring States Policy was not written by one person at a time, and Liu Xiang was only the reviser and editor of the Warring States Policy. Because most of his books recorded the political opinions and diplomatic strategies of strategists assisting other countries during the Warring States period, Liu Xiang named this book "Warring States Policy".
During the Northern Song Dynasty, the Warring States policy was quite lost, and Ceng Gong revised it. During the period of 1973, a number of silk books were unearthed from the No.3 Han Tomb in Mawangdui, Changsha, one of which was similar to the current edition of the Warring States Policy and was named after sorting. There are ***27 articles in this book, of which 1 1 is basically consistent with the current edition of Historical Records of Warring States Policy.
Stylistic rules and layout
This * * * Volume 33:
Dong 1 volume
Western Zhou Policy Volume 1
Qin Ce, Volume 5
Zize Volume 6
Chuze Volume IV
Zhao Ce Volume IV
Wei Ce, Volume 4
Volume III
Yance, Volume III
Song Weice 1 Volume
Zhongshan Policy Volume 1
***497 articles. In recorded history, from 490 to 22 1 year, Gao was established to attack Qin Shihuang.
evaluate
The book Warring States Policy reflects the social outlook of the Warring States Period. At that time, the intellectual spirit was not only a historical work, but also a very good historical prose. As a historical material reflecting the history of the Warring States, it objectively recorded some major historical events at that time and was a vivid portrayal of the history of the Warring States. It recorded in detail the speeches and deeds of strategists at that time, showed their mental outlook and ideological talents, and also recorded the lifestyles of some brave people. The literary achievements of Warring States Policy are also outstanding. In the history of China literature, it marks a new period in the development of China's ancient prose, with outstanding literariness, especially in the depiction of characters, the use of language, fables and so on.
The ideological content of Warring States Policy is complex, which mainly reflects the ideological tendency of military strategists, but also reflects the historical characteristics of active thinking and cultural diversity during the Warring States period. The political view of the Warring States Policy is relatively progressive, and the most prominent thing is to attach importance to the political thought of talents.
The book Warring States Policy has a great influence on the formation of Sima Qian's biographical style of Historical Records. The Warring States Policy has always been praised by researchers for its literary value, but there are different opinions on its thoughts. This is because the book is inconsistent with later Confucianism and pursues fame and fortune too much. Moreover, it exaggerates the historical role of strategists and reduces their historical value.
Bibliography of research
Xiong Xianguang, Research and Selected Translation of the Warring States Policy, Chongqing Publishing House, 1988 ISBN 753660020.
Meng Qingxiang, Notes on the Translation of the Warring States Policy, Heilongjiang People's Publishing House, 1986 Uniform Book Number: 1093? 70 1
Wang Shouqian, Complete Translation of Warring States Policy, Guizhou People's Publishing House,1992 ISBN 722102444.
Zhu, Selected Translation of Warring States Policy, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1987.
Zhao, Selected Translation of Warring States Policy, People's Literature Publishing House, 1994.
Lan Kaixiang, Appreciation of The Warring States Policy, Beijing October Literature and Art Publishing House, 199 1 year.
He, Notes on the Warring States Policy, Zhonghua Book Company,1990 ISBN 710100622.
He Jin, Research on the Warring States Policy, Peking University Publishing House, ISBN 730105101.