To compile genealogy, we need to collect information extensively and consult celebrities from all walks of life in ancient and modern times from various media. This process requires a lot of time, reading all kinds of historical manuscripts and consulting all kinds of dictionaries.
Yan Baozhong believes that the contents of genealogy generally include preface, surname origin, clan genealogy table, clan culture, celebrity introduction, postscript and so on.
The origin of surnames. The surnames of China people are mostly produced by time, place and history, and there are complicated and tortuous stories behind many surnames. There are many books on this subject in history, which are based on New Tang Book, Prime Minister's Genealogy Table and Yuanhe's Biography, but most of them are the same.
Clan genealogy table. This table can reflect the overall situation of migration, development, inheritance and change of a branch. This part is very important for clans with complex branches and different surnames.
Clan culture. Including people's works and awards; Traces left by ancestors; Naming order, family rules, family instructions, etc. Used by ancestors. We should analyze and identify these contents, discard their outdated dross, and endow Chinese traditional virtues with new contents according to the realistic cultural spirit, so that each genealogy can become a basic teaching material to strengthen the construction of spiritual civilization.
Celebrity introduction. When writing genealogy, we should focus on this part, "take history as a mirror" and "make the past serve the present". In order to facilitate reading, the language should be as popular as possible and annotated. For those who enter the spectrum, we should use historical conclusions truthfully and don't comment at will. The celebrity introductions listed are arranged in chronological order.
The main contents of genealogy
The main contents of genealogy: the origin and lineage of surnames.
First, the origin of surnames Chinese surnames have been constantly evolving in history, such as war, migration, regime change, surname taboo change, refuge change, and the change of multiple surnames to single surnames. And surnames have become more complicated, so it is more necessary to make a detailed textual research on their true origins and sources. Some historians believe that dynasty changes and social unrest in history led to the fracture and incompleteness of genealogy, and many genealogies were fabricated by future generations by imagination.
In feudal times, many surnames were used to being associated with celebrities in order to raise family background and county prestige, or traced back to an emperor as an ancestor, which affected the purity and certainty of blood relationship. Many families are rebuilding their genealogies because of the differences in languages, customs and looks between the north and the south. Their lineages are linked together, so the authenticity of their paper genealogies is worth pondering.
Second, the genealogy table is the most important content in the genealogy. In short, a "lineage table" is a chart that shows the relationship between family members, such as father and son and brother, and clearly writes down the names of each family member of ancestors and descendants. It has four basic narrative formats: European, Soviet, pagoda and overlapping.
(1) European style: Also known as horizontal style, it was founded by Ouyang Xiu, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. The characteristics of European style are: generation by generation, running from right to left, five generations and one watch, which is very convenient to use.
In the case of European style, there is a life story on the left side of each generation's name, introducing this person's word, number, fame, official rank, date of birth, spouse, burial place, achievements and so on. (2) Su-style: also called Didi-style, which was created by Su Xun, a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty.
The characteristics of the Soviet-style lineage table are: generations are vertical, there is no horizontal line connection between generations, all of them are connected by vertical lines, and the chart format is also arranged from right to left, which mainly emphasizes patriarchal relations. (3) Pagoda style: As the name implies, the names of generations are arranged from top to bottom like pagodas.
Pagoda type adopts the connection mode of horizontal line and vertical line, and the vertical line is always in the middle of the horizontal line. For a large family with many people, because people's names can't be arranged on the same page, the relationship between brothers is unclear, which will bring a lot of inconvenience to writing and reading music. (4) Diary annotation: No horizontal or vertical lines are used to connect pronouns, only words are used to express this relationship.
Everyone's name has a brief introduction, such as: word, number, fame, rank, date of birth, burial place, merit and so on. The genealogy forms are fixed, the order is clear, and the paper is saved.
Extended data genealogy is the historical record of a family. Through genealogy, we can understand the historical outlook, spirit of the times and social fashion at that time, and understand people's production and life under that historical background. Legend has it that it evolved from the biographies of emperors, princes and chronicles in the official history.
Genealogy is as important as official history and local chronicles, and it is one of the important components of historiography. China's genealogy generally has family rules and family instructions, which are of positive significance for regulating life and educating children.
Genealogy, also known as genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, etc., has different names, the same connotation, but different extensions. Now it is generally called genealogy or genealogy. Genealogy is a historical picture book that systematically records the lineage characters or concurrency of a blood ancestor.
Surname is a symbol of "consanguineous group", and genealogy is a map that records the blood relationship between family members of a surname. Baidu Encyclopedia-Genealogy (Humanities Data).
What are the basic contents of genealogy? What are the basic common sense?
Compilation format of standard genealogy
A complete style of genealogy should have the following 24 items:
1. spectral name. Generally called genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy.
2. Music sequence. A slightly larger genealogy must have a preface ranging from one to dozens at the beginning, which is one of the essential contents of every genealogy. The order of genealogy includes new order, old order, stranger order, postscript, catalogue, engraving name and other descriptions about the family.
3. Spectrum example. Also known as ordinary cases, it mainly expounds the principles and styles of genealogy compilation.
4. Spectrum theory. Many genealogies have devoted a chapter to genealogy, collected chapters and related expositions on genealogy, genealogy and genealogy of sages in ancient books, and invented and expounded the functions, functions, significance, history, principles and methods of genealogy, which are valuable materials for studying genealogy.
5. Rong Rong recorded. The main contents are imperial edicts, imperial edicts, characters, plaques, poems, couplets, imperial inscriptions, and words given by local officials to family officials and their genealogy, in order to show off the emperor's awards and praises to the family and its members and reflect the family's status and identity.
6. Portraits and compliments. The image data of common ancestors, sages and important family figures are portraits on the front and praises on the back.
7. The origin of surnames. China's genealogy has always had the tradition of "narrating the origin and beginning", and since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, most genealogies have had a chapter on the origin of surnames or surnames or clans. It is mainly used to describe the origin of surnames, the historical origin of nations, ancestors, clans, migration, the relationship between tribes, and even the reasons for changing surnames.
8. Family rules. It is a clan law formulated by clan members to restrain and educate people, and it is an important part of genealogy. Its names are different and there are many kinds, such as family rules, family contracts, family precepts, family laws, family gifts, family laws, family precepts, family laws, family contracts, temple fairs, temple fairs, norms, rules, rules, commandments and so on.
9. Ancestral Temple. Record the clan history and the construction of family ancestral temple, introduce the building scale and geographical location of the ancestral hall, collect inscriptions, poems, couplets, plaques, pictures and names of donors, and record the times, distribution, attachment and sacrifice of the gods in the ancestral hall.
10. Five service drawings. Also called service graph. The so-called "five clothes" refers to the five colors of clothes in the ancient funeral system, namely, cutting down, Cui Zi, making meritorious service, making meritorious service and removing hemp.
How to write the format of genealogy and what contents are needed?
Ancient genealogy plays an important role in selecting officials, attacking nobles, marriage, social interaction, property inheritance, Mu nationality and so on.
Therefore, when compiling genealogy, we should include all these aspects in order to show them to people at that time and later generations. Since the birth of genealogy, for more than 3,000 years, due to different times, the emphasis of genealogy content is also different.
In ancient times, genealogy was the patent of kings, princes and nobles. The function of genealogy is only to prove the consanguinity system, and it serves to attack nobles and inherit property. This can be confirmed by Oracle Bone Inscriptions and relevant parts in historical records. The genealogy in the pre-Qin period attached great importance to lineage, and its content was relatively simple, with only lineage.
After the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the selection of officials, marriage and even social interaction all depended on family status. In this way, the role of genealogy in political life, economic life and social life has been greatly enhanced, and the contents of genealogy have increased correspondingly compared with the past. The genealogy of Wei, Jin and even Tang dynasties is basically gone now. From the scattered words quoted in other existing works and the materials rearranged by later generations, we can still understand some basic situations.
The contents of the genealogy from Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties generally include: county outlook, origin and family lineage. Of course, the first thing to write is the name, including characters and numbers, as well as nicknames, synonyms and aliases. Then there is life, official rank (even if you have never been an official, Chu Shi has a recorded spectrum), year of birth and death and special cause of death (when and why you were killed, etc.). ), marital status (wives' names, rankings, family status, divorce, etc. ), and brothers.
After the Song Dynasty, genealogy no longer played a role in political life, and its role shifted to respecting ancestors, worshipping sects and mu. As a result, the contents of genealogy have also changed. The genealogy of the Song and Yuan Dynasties is rarely circulated, and the genealogy of the Ming Dynasty is still preserved. Through analysis, after the Song Dynasty, the genealogy basically lost the content about Yue family, but shifted the focus of the records to ancestors, lineages, honors, ancestral halls, residences, fields, graves and other aspects, especially the contents related to children and lineages were recorded in detail, but if Yue family is prominent, it can also be written.
After the Song Dynasty, the contents of genealogy usually include: 1. The origin of surnames usually goes back to the ancestors of the family, and most of them rely on emperors and celebrities to list the family lineage in the form of genealogy. 2, honor, record the ancestors of this family, such as imperial examinations, official positions and praise by * * *. Even if you haven't been an official, you should write down the official. There is nothing to write, just write down the words "Shoushou, Shoufu" and try to make the threshold of your home shine.
3. For everyone who entered the spectrum, especially important family figures, a biography is generally written, which records his name, number, marriage, life and death experience, year of entering the spectrum, wife and concubine, filial piety and so on in detail. Among them, the records of children are particularly careful, and the standards for entering the spectrum are also strictly controlled. Such as adopted sons, illegitimate children and daughters.165438,4. Ancestral house is the place where ancestors live, ancestral hall is the place where ancestors are sacrificed, and ancestral house is the place where ancestors died. Respecting ancestors is of great significance for uniting people. Therefore, the rules, records, ancestral property, Yizhuang, Yitian, family law, family training, ancestral home and topographic map of ancestral home are also recorded in detail.
5. Finally, family biographies, generally including epitaphs, deeds, life orders, chronologies, praise for prestigious ancestors and other biographical materials. Some genealogies are followed by a special work or art part, including works, poems and essays of family ancestors.
China's ancient genealogy has different functions due to different times. Therefore, the recorded contents are not exactly the same. Generally speaking, the more content, the more detailed the record. Accordingly, the format of genealogy in different times is also different. The genealogy of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and bronzes in Shang and Zhou Dynasties only records the lineages, and the format is one line for each person to explain the relationship, which is relatively simple.
There are three genealogical formats in Han dynasty: one is the horizontal grid table system, which is arranged in chronological order from generation to generation, and the relevant tables in Historical Records are its representatives; Second, take the name as the unit, first describe the origin of the surname, and then describe the lineage and official position; Third, there has always been a connection, and the two inscriptions handed down in the Han Dynasty, Sun Shuai Monument and San Lao Zhao Kuan Monument, are its representatives. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were written by branches or lines, and each generation was empty, which can be seen from the existing epitaph of Xue Xiaotong in Northern Wei Dynasty, the epitaph of Li Fei in Pengcheng, Lin Li in Liu and Song Dynasties and the epitaph.
The difference is that the last two epitaphs not only describe their own lineage, but also describe the genealogy of relatives in detail, which is incredible in later generations, but very common in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Most of the genealogies in the Tang Dynasty are composed of genealogies, and all of them are arranged and related by surnames.
Generation division began after the Song Dynasty. The genealogy of Ming and Qing dynasties is mostly taken from the genealogy of Song Dynasty. The first volume is listed in the genealogy table for reference, and then each person has half a page, arranged by generation.
By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the structure of genealogy had been basically finalized. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the format of genealogy was roughly arranged as follows: 1. Genealogy: There is a difference between autoordination and heteroordination. Its content is to describe the origin, purpose, history, process and content, personnel composition, revision date, family origin, inheritance and migration, county outlook, previous revision of genealogy and understanding of genealogy theory. Its function is to publicize the gist of genealogy.
If this genealogy is a sequel, then, in addition to the newly written preface, it also includes the old preface of the previously revised genealogy. For genealogies with a lot of book renewals, sometimes there are dozens of new and old prefaces. In addition, in order to increase the family's popularity, contemporary celebrities will be specially invited to make a preface, and the prefaces made by celebrities in previous dynasties will also be sorted and collected according to the times.
In some genealogies, genealogy is also called citation, genealogy, genealogy inscription and genealogy voucher. 2. Inscription: Not every family tree has it, but most of them are inscriptions written by emperors or celebrities in previous dynasties for this family or family tree, which are placed in a prominent position in order to show off their family history.
3. Ordinary cases: There are also cases of weighing the spectrum, which mainly introduce the principles and styles of compiling the spectrum, including the scope.
What are the basic common contents of a complete genealogy?
First, the genealogy and surname are the most important in the genealogy name, that is, the genealogy of what family in what place, why do you write it like this? More accurately reflect the information reflected by genealogy as a "history book", otherwise, the editor will know at that time, who and where to turn it after a few years? There is no way to check it, which brings great difficulties to future generations to find their roots.
Secondly, there are all kinds of expressions like praising people, or ancestors, such as three emperors and five emperors, or pro-ancestors, or moving ancestors, or extraordinary people in the family from ancient times to the present, especially outstanding talents. To show that future generations will strive for strength.
Third, a genealogy with a slightly larger sequence must have a sequence ranging from one to dozens, which is one of the essential contents of each genealogy. The order of genealogy includes new order, old order, stranger order, postscript, catalogue, engraving name and other descriptions about the family.
Fourth, summarize the contents of all genealogies in the catalogue for retrieval. Fifth, the spectrum theory, that is, spectrum theory, has been very famous since Sima Qian, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Zhu, Wang Yangming and so on. For example, Zhang Xuecheng's "Literature and History" said: "There is a spectrum, a state-owned history, and its meaning is also."
"And there is a history of the world, a history of a country, a history of a family and a history of a person. Biography and narrative, a person's history; Genealogy, the history of a family; County annals, the history of a country; The history of the world is also the history of the world.
Six, each situation, that is, the principles and rules of genealogy, such as who can enter the genealogy, who can't, the order of people, what to write, and so on. , that is, what is in the family tree. This shows the editor's subjective attitude, such as the genealogy of women in the Ming Dynasty, which makes it very clear that the husband matches the original, followed by the lower match: the lower match and the side room. Seven, family training don't get me wrong, "family training" is not the content of genealogy. Here, in order to highlight the content of family training, make a picture. China is the social structure of the family, and the noble family is a major feature. Family coaching has played a very important role in education.
Eight, lineage lineage is the core part of the genealogy content. What is it like to record the birth, illness, marriage, affairs and tombs from the first appearance of the family? Be clear at a glance. Nine, biography, not everyone has, is a specific description of outstanding people in the family and those who have made meritorious service, reflecting the excellent qualities of these people and setting an example for the younger generation. It is a kind of example power.
It can be divided into internal transmission. Pass, pass within five clothes, pass outside five clothes. There are biographies, such as domestic servants and virtuous wives among 234 wives, which can be biographies, which are no longer suitable for today.
X. Postscript The above picture shows the postscript of Mei Zengliang's genealogy. He boasted that "Zhiyan" protected Xuanzhou with rural soldiers, and then made a statement on the distribution and migration of the family. So the postscript is the expression of feelings, experiences, processes, etc. After making a spectrum. Xi。 There are many families and tribes who lead the spectrum, so there must be a font size. As a verification, it is the same as sitting in the right position.
Genealogy generally includes the above contents, in addition, there are ancestral halls, seals, arts, contracts and some charts, which can be determined according to the contents of the original genealogy when making. If there is no original music, you must create new music without interrupting history, and then determine the content according to your personal situation.
What are the seven main contents of China's genealogy?
First, the origin of surnames
The origin of surnames is the origin and change of surnames of the same family. Most people in China have very old surnames. If there is no record of ancient books or old genealogy, it will be difficult for future generations to study it clearly. From a surname to a country, we have to know where our roots come from and realize the origin of our surnames. Each family tree introduces the origin of our surnames in detail, so that we can pass them on from generation to generation.
Second, the hall number
Hall number is a special symbol of a surname, which can show the geographical relationship of the origin of the surname. In genealogy, the number of Tang Dynasty has the significance of connecting surnames with clans, and it is also one of the important clues for future generations to find their roots and ask their ancestors. Hall names are usually taken from county names or made in memory of family ancestors or celebrities.
Third, the lineage table
If you find a family tree about your life, what do you want to read most? Do you want to know who your ancestors were? What celebrities and achievements have you had at home? Where is the family now? Wait, all the answers are in the genealogy table.
Fourth, family training.
Family instruction is also an important part of genealogy, which has played a great role in traditional clan education. In ancient times, human society experienced the changes of clans, clans and families. However, these are the cornerstones of a country. Family instruction can play a role in stabilizing social order when the country is unstable and the national laws are unclear. Because, in order to maintain the necessary legal system, the family has drawn up a certain code of conduct to restrain the people in the family, which is the earliest origin of family discipline.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) heirloom
If you want to understand the historical achievements of people in the lineage table, you have to look at family biographies. Family biography is a style used to describe the deeds of famous meritorious persons in the family. This is a formal biography. Before the Ming Dynasty, biographies and genealogies were recorded separately.
Sixth, works of art
"Genealogy is the history of a family", and of course, the artistic and literary works of family members are indispensable. Since the Six Dynasties, it has been a common practice to record the works of famous people in the family into genealogy, especially in the Ming Dynasty, this part has become more abundant, involving many fields such as history, culture, economy, religion, and even comparable to "classic historical materials" in form.
Seven, genealogical images
The genealogy that can integrate books, pictures, history, tables and ambitions will have greater use value. Genealogy is mainly written content, supplemented by pictures, but a good picture and photo can still convey the spirit and characteristics of the times.
What are the basic common contents of a complete genealogy?
First, the spectrum name
The most important genealogical names are genealogy and surname, that is, the genealogy of any family in any place. Why do you write it like this? More accurately reflect the information reflected by genealogy as a "history book", otherwise, the editor will know at that time, who and where to turn it after a few years? There is no way to check it, which brings great difficulties to future generations to find their roots.
Second, I like praise.
People's praise can be expressed in various ways, either by their ancestors, such as the Three Emperors and Five Emperors, or by their close relatives, or by their ancestors who moved, or by extraordinary people and talents in the family from ancient times to the present. To show that future generations will strive for strength.
Third, the music sequence.
A slightly larger genealogy must have a preface ranging from one to dozens at the beginning, which is one of the essential contents of every genealogy. The order of genealogy includes new order, old order, stranger order, postscript, catalogue, engraving name and other descriptions about the family.
Four. content
Retrieve summaries of all genealogies.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) spectral theory
Genealogy theory, that is, genealogy theory, since Sima Qian, famous people in past dynasties, such as Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Wang Anshi, Zhu, Wang Yangming and so on. For example, Zhang Xuecheng's "Literature and History" said: "There is a spectrum, a state-owned history, and its meaning is also." "And there is a history of the world, a history of a country, a history of a family and a history of a person. Biography and narrative, a person's history; Genealogy, the history of a family; County annals, the history of a country; The history of the world is also the history of the world.
Six, each example
Every example, that is, the principle of genealogy compilation, stipulates, for example, who can enter the genealogy and who can't, the arrangement of people's order, how to write what content and so on. That is to say, what is in the genealogy. This shows the editor's subjective attitude. For example, the genealogy of the Ming Dynasty clearly states that women belong to the genealogy: the husband follows the original match, and the next match: the next match, the side room, the concubine and the wife.
Seven, family training
Don't get me wrong, "family training" is not the content of genealogy. In order to highlight the content of family instruction, a picture is made here. China is the social structure of the family, famous families are a major feature, and family trainers have played a very important educational role.
Eight, bloodline
Genealogy is the core part of genealogy. From the first generation of the family, birth, illness, death, marriage and tombs were recorded. Anyone here? Be clear at a glance.
Nine. biography
Biography, not everyone has it, is a concrete description of outstanding figures and meritorious persons in the family, reflecting the excellent qualities of these figures and setting an example for the younger generation. It can be divided into internal transmission. Pass, pass within five clothes, pass outside five clothes. There are biographies, such as domestic servants and virtuous wives among 234 wives, which can be biographies, which are no longer suitable for today.
X. spectral postscript
The above picture shows the postscript of Mei Zengliang's genealogy. He boasted that "Zhiyan" protected Xuanzhou with rural soldiers, and then explained the distribution and relocation of his family. So the postscript is to express the feelings, experiences, processes and so on after making a genealogy.
XI。 Collar font size
Family tribes are numerous and widely distributed, and they must be verified by a font size, just like sitting in the right position. Genealogy generally includes the above contents, in addition to which there are more important ones, including ancestral halls, seals, arts, contracts and some charts, which can be determined according to the original genealogy. If there is no original music, you must create new music without interrupting history, and then determine the content according to your personal situation.
What does the continuation of genealogy include?
Genealogy, or genealogy, is the general name of family travel, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy, genealogy and so on.
Genealogy is the blood code of the Chinese nation. It is a history book that records the lineage and deeds of the family in a special form by the blood relatives of the same ancestor.
In recent years, the continuation of genealogy has entered * * *, and some genealogies are rich in content and theoretical. Like historical records, it covers a wide range, including the origin of surnames, ancestors of surnames, family migration, genealogy catalogue, people's deeds, customs and habits, and so on.
The main purpose of genealogy is: "to know the origin, to know the lineage of the Ming Dynasty, to respect the ancestors, to collect the clan, so that Zhao Mu will not be chaotic, the lineage will not be chaotic, and the ancestors will be respected, so that future generations will not forget their ancestors." Enhance family cohesion.
Strengthen the national centripetal force. Genealogy connects the hearts of overseas Chinese, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan compatriots.
Because they are all from China. The update of genealogy is generally a small update once every 30 years and a major overhaul once every 60 years.
Too far apart will "accumulate into a mystery, accumulate into waste." Each continuation of the spectrum is generally initiated by one or several people through consultation.
It is an important event for the ethnic group to set up the preparatory Committee for the continuation of the spectrum and the permanent office of the editor-in-chief, formulate proposals and continue the spectrum. It is necessary to fully mobilize ethnic groups, and then formulate regulations for the continuation of genealogy. The relevant counties and villages set up continuation groups to be responsible for the continuation of the village or branch and raise funds according to the population.
After a period of time, all departments collected genealogy and supplementary funds and gave them to the editor-in-chief, who summarized them. The main contents of genealogy include: 1, preface; 2. Ordinary cases; 3. Inscription by Rong En; 4. The origin of surnames; 5. Portrait of ancestors; 6. Patriarchal rules and ancestral training laws; 7. Clan genealogy map; 8. Family biography; 9, clan historical sites, historical materials and documents; 10, word generation; 1 1, clan literature and art catalogue; 12, local conditions and customs; 13, list of donors; 14. Brief introduction of key personnel for spectrum revision; 15, inscription.
Now some genealogies still record the names of the village where the woman got married and her husband. Creating and updating genealogy is an important family activity and a huge cultural project, which requires people who are knowledgeable, talented and familiar with the clan situation, and promoters and responsible persons should have certain prestige and appeal; Raising funds through operation is the fundamental guarantee to complete this work; This will take some time; We need to mobilize a group of hard-working people, who are full of enthusiasm, selfless dedication and Ren Zhen's responsible attitude towards music editing.
Compiled by two shops and love genealogy.