The first humans appeared in Europe in 65438+500,000 BC.
Neanderthals in 65438+500,000 BC
Farmers in Kroma in 35000 BC: Tool Revolution
The beginning of cave art in 30000 BC
Glaciers covering northern Europe melted in BC 12000.
In 4000 BC, the first cultivators appeared and erected huge stone buildings.
Crete civilization in 2000 BC: Bronze Age
In 65438 BC+0250 BC, Dorians began to migrate.
In 65438 BC+065438 BC+000 BC, Mycenae was in its heyday.
BC 1050, Troy was destroyed and the Iron Age began.
The first Olympic Games in 776 BC
Rome was founded in 753 BC.
From 800 BC to 300 BC, Etruscans arrived in Italy and Celts arrived in Central Europe.
From 750 BC to 600 BC, Greece colonized the Mediterranean region.
In 700 BC, Lydians minted coins.
Solon Reform in Athens in 594 BC
Peisistratus, the tyrant of Athens from 560 BC to 527 BC.
In 509 BC, the regime of King Takvin collapsed. * * * and the establishment of.
From 490 BC to 480 BC, Medea War, Marathon War, Battle of Salami Bay.
Pericles from 495 BC to 429 BC.
4365438 BC+0 ~ 404 BC Peloponnesian War
In 338 BC, Philip of Macedonia became the master of Greece.
Alexander the Great from 356 BC to 323 BC
The Second Punic War from 2 18 BC to 202 BC
In BC 146, Greece became a province of Rome.
Sura's dictatorship from 865438 BC+79 BC.
Caesar was stabbed in 44 BC.
In 3 1 BC, Octavian defeated Anthony at Cape Aksin.
Octavian was appointed Augustus by the Senate in 27 BC, and the Roman Empire was founded.
The first year of AD
In 9 years, Armius led the German army to annihilate Varus's legions.
Augustus died in 14.
In 43, the Roman Legion began to conquer Britain (now England).
Trajan ruled from 98 to 1 17 years.
The period of military chaos from 235 to 284
From 284 to 305, Diocletian was ruled by four emperors.
3 12 ~ 337 Constantine was in office.
3 13 Recognition of the Legal Status of Christianity (Milan Decree)
In 330, Constantinople established a new capital, "Two Romans".
In 364, the Goths began to invade the empire.
When Dior died more than 395 years ago, the empire split into two parts.
Alaric occupied and looted Rome in April10.
St Patrick converted the Irish to Christianity in 430 ~ 460.
Attila and Xiongnu invaded western Europe between 449 and 452.
The Western Roman Empire perished in 479.
In 498, King Clovis of Frank was baptized.
In 529, Athens closed the Neo-Platonism School, and Saint Benedict founded the Monastery of Mount Cassino.
The reign of Justinian from 527 to 565.
Justinian Code from 528 to 529
Nika riots in 532
The first migration of Arabs took place in 622 in the first year of hijilai in the Islamic calendar.
The first contest between Arabs and Byzantines in 626.
Bulgarians settled in Lower Mercia in 68 1 year.
The Arabs crossed the Strait of Gibraltar at 7 1 1.
7 17 ~ 7 18 Arabs besieged Constantinople.
In 732, Charlie the Hammer defeated the Arabs in poitiers.
A papal state was established in 75 1 year.
Charlemagne's reign lasted from 768 to 8 14 years.
Strasbourg oath in 842
In 843, Verdun split and Charlemagne Empire split.
The debate about the use of icons ended in 843.
Christianity of Slavs in 863
In 863, Fortiu split.
In 9 1 1 year, the naive French king Charles III recognized the Viking leader Rollo as the Duke of Normandy.
From 936 to 973 during the reign of Otto the Great.
The Battle of Leahy in 955. The Hungarians lost.
Otto I the Great rebuilt his empire in 962.
In 972, the Great Lara Monastery was established in the Holy Mountain.
In 987, Hugo Gap was elected king of France.
Christianization of Russians in 989
10 18 ~ 1035 Knut the Great ruled the Anglo-Danish Empire.
The kingdom of Bulgaria perished.
1054 complete division of eastern and western churches
Pope Nicholas II's circular in 1059 stipulated that the college of cardinals should elect the Pope.
William the Conqueror conquered England on 1066.
1075 Pope Gregory Ⅶ's encyclical on appointment.
1085 Christian troops recovered Toledo from Islam with their bare hands.
1095 ~ 1099 the first crusade-the crusaders occupied Jerusalem.
1152 ~1190 During the reign of Frederick I with red beard.
1154 ~1189 During the reign of Henry II of the Plantagenet Dynasty, he was king of England.
1 180 ~ 1223 French king Philip II Augustus was in office.
Jerusalem fell and was occupied by Saladin.
1189 ~1199 King Charles I of England was in power.
1198 ~1216 Pope Innocent III was in office.
1204 the fourth crusade, the crusaders occupied Constantinople.
1209, Francis of assisi founded the "Little Brotherhood".
12 14-step war of words
King John of England approved the Magna Carta drafted by his subjects.
1220 ~ 1250 during the reign of frederick ii of hohenrietaufen dynasty.
126 1 year, the Byzantines recovered Constantinople from the "Latin".
1226 ~ 1270 French king Louis IX (St. Louis) was in office.
Europe's North-South Sea connection market declined by about 1300.
1309 ~ 1376 Pope in avignon
European famine, agricultural crisis began.
1337 ~ 1453 Centennial War
1347 to 1374, the plague epidemic spread in Europe. A sharp decline in population
135 1 year, Boccaccio finished decameron.
1356, the "golden decree" arranged the imperial election, and the Ottomans invaded Europe.
1356- 1450 During the Hanseatic League, Philip the Brave accepted the Principality of Burgundy as a mining area: Burgundy became powerful.
1378 ~ 1382 uprising started in Europe.
1378 Catholic church split.
1389 Norway, Denmark and Kalma, Sweden joined forces.
The Italian Renaissance began around 1400: "15th century". Flandler's Early Artists in Holland
14 10 Poland defeated the Teutonic Knights.
1414 ~1418 konstanz bishops' congress, and the split came to an end.
Condemn John Huss as a heretic.
1417 ~1419 brunelleschi designed the dome of Florence cathedral.
1434, Jill Anes bypasses Cape Bohado.
1445 Dienis Diaz arrived in Cape Verde and Senegal.
Constantinople fell in 1453.
146 1 ~ 1483 Louis Xi, founder of modern French state.
1469 the marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castilla: the guarantee of Spanish reunification
1469 ~ 1474 Portuguese navigator surveyed the Gulf of Guinea.
1483 Diogo C?o surveyed the zaire river.
1492 ~ 1493 Christopher Columbus discovered guanaani island in the American continent.
1497 Jean cabot reaches the coast of North America.
1498 vasco da gama discovered the Indian Strait.
1499 Amerigo Weiss Pucci enters maracaibo Bay.
1500 Cabral arrives at American men's coast (Brazil)
Erasmus published crazy Zan in 15 1.
15 16 Machiavelli published The Prince.
15 17 Luther publicly opposed the pardon.
Charles V became emperor, and Luther broke with Rome.
1519 ~1521year, Magellan and Elcano sailed around the world for the first time.
1523 Zurich parliament passed Zwingli reform.
1524 German peasant war
Charles V foiled the Turkish invasion of Vienna.
153 1 year, German Protestant princes formed the Smal-Kalden Union.
1534 the church of England is divided.
Jacques Cartier 1534 ~ 154 1 Sailing in North America.
1536 jean chauvin published The Establishment of Christianity.
The meeting of bishops of Tranto begins.
1555 augsburg contract
1566 Netherlands' resistance to the Spanish Philip II uprising
157 1 defeated the battle of Labanto in Turkey.
1572 San butters massacre
Drake made his second voyage around the world.
1586 Barents sailed in the Arctic.
1598 edict of Nantes
Champlain made many explorations in North America.
16 10 Hudson sailed along the coast of America and the northern coast of Russia.
16 16 Hatog arrived at the west coast of Australia.
The Thirty Years' War began.
Tasman arrived in New Zealand from 1642 to 1644.
Treaty of Westphalia 1648
Charles I of Stuart dynasty was executed in 1649, and Cromwell became the master of England.
1659 France and Spain signed the Pyrenees contract.
Louis XIV's personal rule began at 166 1.
1665 Louis XIV's expansion policy began.
The edict of Nantes was abolished in 1685.
1689 Britain issued a declaration of rights.
1700 The movement of charles ii in Spain led to the war of succession to the Spanish throne.
1700 ~ 172 1 Northern War
1701~1713, 17 14 Spanish war of succession to the throne.
1703 the establishment of St. Petersburg
Bering surveyed the north coast of Asia and America in 1725 ~ 174 1.
1740 Maria Teresa of Austria and Frederick II of Prussia came to power.
The seven-year war of 1756 ~ 1763
1762, Catherine II of Russia came to power.
1766 ~ 1769 bougainville island made the first French voyage around the world.
Cook made three voyages from 1769 to 1779, which made people know more about the Pacific Ocean.
1772 encyclopedia completed.
1773 American declaration of independence on July 4th.
1780 ~ 1784 United province against Britain.
1785 ~ 1788 La Paz expedition to the Pacific Ocean.
The Bastille was occupied.
1On August 4th, 789, the privileges of the French nobility were abolished.
1789 declaration of human rights and civil rights on August 26th.
Battle of Valmy September 20 1792
1793 65438+1February 2 1 Louis XVI was executed.
1795 Poland was divided.
1799165438+1foggy month on October 9 18 coup.
On February 2nd, Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor.
1805 65438+February 2, Austerlitz
1814 ~1815 Vienna conference
The German Federation was founded.
18 19 Carlsbad method
Louis Bly invented Braille in 1829.
182 1 ~ 1830 Greek War of Independence
1830 the first revolutionary wave in Europe
183 1 Belgian independence.
1832 British reform act
1848 There have been many revolutions in Europe, most of which were suppressed by force. Karl Marx's Manifesto of the Productive Party
1853 ~ 1856 Crimean war
The Kingdom of Italy was founded in 186 1 year.
1862 Romania was born.
1867 Austria-Hungary
The German Empire was unified in 187 1 year.
The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens.
The Executive Committee of the International Socialist Party was established.
1900 ~ 19 14 social situation is tense and international crisis occurs.
The first nobel peace prize 190 1
1904 understanding agreement between France and Britain
Hague Regulations on Ground Warfare 1907
1912 ~1913 Balkan conflict
1914 ~1918 World War I
Battle of Verdun
19 17 Russian October Revolution
Wilson's 14 point
Treaty of Versailles establishing the League of Nations.
1922 March into Rome (Mussolini)
Ruhr was occupied at 1923.
Stalin inherited Lenin.
1925 Locarno agreement
1923 ~ 1929 the international situation has eased.
1928 Berian-Kellogg convention
1929 the great economic crisis began.
1929 ~ 1939 the rise of german dictatorship.
1933 Hitler came to power.
1936 ~ 1939 Spanish war
Munich agreement 1938
1939 ~ 1945 World War II
1942 ~ 1943 Stalingrad is besieged.
1945 Germany and Japan were defeated.
1May 9, 945 Germany surrendered.
1946 ~ 1949 Greek civil war
1in June, 947, Marshall aid was provided to all European countries that suffered from World War II.
1April 4, 949, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was established.
1May 949 and 10/October, two Germans (the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic) were established.
1949 Council of Europe was founded on may 5th.
1951April 18 Paris Treaty of European Coal and Steel Consortium.
1953 Stalin died on March 5.
1Warsaw treaty of may 955
120th Congress of the Soviet Union in February, 956
1957 On March 25th, six European countries signed the Treaty of Rome.
The Berlin wall was built in August
1April 25, 974 Portuguese carnation revolution
1on July 23, 974, the Greek military regime collapsed.
1975 165438+ Franco died on1October 20th.
Member States of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe signed the Helsinki Document.
1June 7, 979 ~ 10 The first direct universal suffrage in Europe.
1985 65438+February 65438+July 12 countries sign a single European document.