1, Xiongnu
Xiongnu, an ancient nomadic people in northern China, rose at the foot of Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia today. They wore long hair. According to Historical Records Biography of Xiongnu, Xiongnu is a descendant of Xia Houshi, also known as Chunwei.
Above Tang Yu, there are mountain glory, stubbornness and meat porridge, which live in Beiman and move with the grazing. Xiongnu in China ancient books is a powerful nomadic people who ruled the northern part of the Central Plains in the late Qin Dynasty and early Han Dynasty.
In 33 BC, in the first year of Liu Shi, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Uhaanyehe went to Han for the third time and invited himself as his husband. Wang Zhaojun married him. Since then, Han and Xiongnu have maintained peace for more than 60 years. During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xiongnu was divided into South Xiongnu and North Xiongnu again.
In 48 AD, the Southern Xiongnu surrendered to Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu and was placed in Hetao area. The uncertainty of the rebellion of the Northern Xiongnu made the Eastern Han Dynasty determined to destroy the Northern Xiongnu.
In 89 AD, in the first year of Liu Yuannian, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, General Dou Xian attacked the Xiongnu in the north, and Ban Gu laid the foundation stone at the southern foot of the mountain (now Hang Ai Mountain in Mongolia), inscribed with an inscription to close the mountain. Southern Xiongnu established the former Zhao regime in the period of Five Hu and Sixteen States. Fox Summer was founded by the Huns, descendants of Xianbei, and the iron rich.
After that, Emperor Wendi usurped the Northern Zhou regime, established the Sui Dynasty and unified the Central Plains. During this period, the Huns also merged into various ethnic groups. Wu Luanhua and the Northern and Southern Dynasties became the last performance of Xiongnu on the historical stage of China.
2. Xianbei
Xianbei nationality is an ancient nomadic people who rose in the Mongolian Plateau after Xiongnu, belonging to Mongolian language family of Altai language family, and rose in Daxing 'anling. As a nomadic people who had the greatest influence on China during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, it originated in Donghu and distributed in northern China.
During the Qin and Han Dynasties, Donghu was defeated by the Xiongnu Modu Khan and divided into two parts. They surrendered to the Fifth Ring Mountain and Xianbei Mountain respectively, taking the mountain name as their clan name, forming the Five Rings and Xianbei people enslaved by Xiongnu. Therefore, the customs and habits of Xianbei people are similar to those of Wuhuan and Xiongnu.
During the Sixteen Kingdoms period, Xianbei tribe took advantage of the Central Plains rebellion to establish Murong Zhuyan, Xiqin, Nanliang and Daiguo. In 385, Tuoba established the Northern Wei Dynasty and unified the North in 439. In 493, Tuoba Hong, Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty, moved to Luoyang, where he was heavily sinicized.
In 534, the Northern Wei was divided into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei. In 557, the Northern Zhou Dynasty replaced the Western Wei Dynasty. Xianbei people established ten countries. In addition, there was a Tuguhun regime in Qinghai and Gansu, which was partially transformed from the Murong family of Xianbei, and it was not annexed by Tubo until 663.
After the Xianbei people established political power, most tribes disintegrated and people turned to settled agricultural production. With the deepening of feudalism, the integration of all ethnic groups has accelerated. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Xianbei, as a national entity and a political entity, merged with other ethnic groups and gradually disappeared.
3. Joint intelligence assessment
"Street" did not exist for a long time in the history of China. The post-Zhao regime was established in the sixteen countries of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and it was the slave army of the northern nomadic Xiongnu nobles.
When the Xiongnu rebelled, the Jie people were very strong and finally destroyed the Xiongnu regime. During Luanhua period, he ruled the north of China and became one of the nomadic regimes in the north.
In a sense, the Jie nationality can't be a real nationality, because it was only a branch (or tribe) of the Huns at that time. Before entering the fortress, the Jie people belonged to the Xiongnu, that is, "Xiongnu will not fall." There are many different opinions about its racial origin, but most of them are not true. About the Han Dynasty in China, it was captured by Huns and taken to China.
In 547 AD, Jie people, led by Hou Jing, fled to Nanliang to escape the blow of the Northern Dynasties and accepted them. But then Hou Jing rebelled, plundered and killed in the south of the Yangtze River, with thousands of miles of bare land and bones everywhere (40,000 households were wiped out in Kangcheng alone, with about 200,000 people in the whole city), which is known as the Hou Jing Rebellion.
Later, Wang Sengbian, the general of Nanliang, called Chen Baxian, Du Kan, Wei Zai and others to lead an army crusade, and it took a lot of money to put out the rebellion. Since then, this race has disappeared from the history books.
Step 4 be strong
The Qiang nationality originated from the ancient Qiang nationality and is an ancient nationality in western China. The ancient Qiang nationality had a wide and far-reaching influence on the historical development of China and the formation of the Chinese nation. The national language is Qiang, which belongs to the Qiang branch of Tibeto-Burman language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and is divided into northern dialect and southern dialect.
Qiang people call themselves "Ermayina" or "Erba" and are called "the people on the cloud". Mainly distributed in Maoxian, Wenchuan, Lixian, Songpan, Heishui and Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province. The rest are scattered in Danba County, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Pingwu County, Mianyang City, and jiangkou county and Shiqian County, Tongren Prefecture, Guizhou Province.
Most Qiang people live in high mountains or semi-mountainous areas, and a few live near towns along highways, living together with Tibetans, Han and Hui.
According to the statistics of the sixth national census on 20 10, the total population of Qiang nationality is 309,576.
5. banyan tree
Di (dρ) nationality is an important nationality in the history of our country. The Di nationality first lived in northwest Sichuan and originated in Songpan Plateau, Sichuan. Later, it gradually expanded to nearby Qinghai Province, Longnan City of Gansu Province and Northeast Sichuan.
From the pre-Qin period to the Southern and Northern Dynasties, the Di nationality was distributed at the junction of Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai provinces, and widely distributed in northwest Sichuan, northeast Sichuan and Longnan, Gansu.
At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty (297), Te Li, the leader of the Bayi nationality, fired the first shot of the "five flowers in disorder", and his son Li Xiong proclaimed himself emperor in Chengdu in 304, establishing the first minority (Di nationality) regime in the Five Lakes and Sixteen Countries period.
Since then, there has been a wave of dividing up the Central Plains by the five lakes, among which Lueyang (Qin 'an, Gansu Province) is the most powerful, rising, establishing the pre-Qin Dynasty, reusing the Han people, conquering other ethnic groups in the north by force and unifying the north.
During the Sixteen Countries Period in Wuhu, Qiu Chi regime, Cheng Han regime, former Qin regime and Hou Liang regime were successively established, which had a great influence on the history at that time.
After the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Miao people gradually merged into the surrounding Qiang, Tibetan, Han and other ethnic groups. Now the Baima Tibetans living here in Jiuzhaigou County, Songpan County and Hongyuan County of Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Pingwu County of Mianyang City, Sichuan Province, and Wenxian County of Longnan City, Gansu Province are generally regarded as descendants of the Di nationality by scholars at home and abroad.
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