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English name: cassia seed
Source: mature seeds of dicotyledonous plant cassia obtusifolia.
Efficacy: clearing liver, improving eyesight, diuresis and relaxing bowels.
Indications: wind-heat red eye, green blindness, passerine, hypertension, hepatitis, ascites due to liver cirrhosis and habitual constipation.
Tropism of nature: sweet in bitterness and cool in nature. 1 classic: "salty, flat." ② Don't record: "Bitter and sweet, slightly cold and nontoxic." 3 "Materia Medica Zheng Zheng": "The taste is slightly bitter and sweet, and the nature is flat and cool."
Enter the liver and kidney meridians. ① Explanation of the nature of drugs processed by Lei Gong: "Entering the liver meridian." ② Materia Medica Jing Shu: "Foot Jue Yin and liver also enter the gallbladder and kidney meridians."
Administration and dosage: oral: decoction, 1.5 ~ 3 yuan; Let's grind it. External use: grinding and dressing.
Avoid medication: people with diarrhea and low blood pressure should use it with caution. Notes on Materia Medica: "Kuai Shi makes it. Evil hemp seed. "
Drug compatibility: 1, with concha Haliotidis, clearing away heat, calming the liver and improving eyesight. It is often used for dizziness due to liver heat or hyperactivity of liver yang, dizziness, red eyes and headache. 2, with refined grain grass, improve eyesight and retreat, can be used for liver and kidney deficiency, wind and heat ascending, blurred vision, shame and tears.
Other names: Cassia obtusifolia, Yangming (Wupu Materia Medica), Yang Jiao (Guangya), Equisetum equisetum (Tao Hongjing), Jatropha curcas (the true story of medicine), Crotalaria (Materia Medica), Pseudomung bean (the flora of Chinese medicinal plants) and water chestnut seed (the flora of Jiangsu medicinal plants). The original plant cassia (classic) is also known as: closing the door at night, touching the feet of sheep, false Ceratophyllum, fake peanuts, night grass and wild flowers.
Prescription name: cassia seed, cassia seed, fried cassia seed, fried cassia seed, etc.
Cassia seed and cassia seed in the prescription refer to raw cassia seed, which is used as raw material medicine and contains no impurities. Tend to moisten the intestines to relieve constipation, clear the liver and dispel wind.
Fried cassia seed, also known as fried cassia seed. In order to clean cassia seed, stir-fry it with slow fire. It also has the effects of tonifying kidney and improving eyesight.
Trade name: cassia seed, full, uniform, brown-green, dry and free of impurities.
Distribution of animal and plant resources: distributed in most parts of the country. Medicinal materials are mainly produced in Anhui, Guangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Guangdong and other places.
Collection and storage of medicinal materials: after the fruit matures in autumn, the whole plant is harvested, or the pods are removed, dried, seeded, washed and dried.
Latin name: Cassia seed, the original plant of Cassia seed.
Processing method: stir-fry cassia seed: take clean cassia seed, stir-fry it in a pot until it has a slight aroma, take it out and let it cool.
Textual research: From Shennong's Materia Medica Classic ① Tao Hongjing: "Cassia seed, with leaves like wild awns and children like horseshoes, is called Cassia seed. Make mashed potatoes with it. There is also a cassia seed. It's mugwort, which is one of the inferior products. " (2) "Outline": "This horseshoe also has the power to improve eyesight, including cassia seed and concha Haliotidis. Cassia seed is semen Celosiae, so-called Artemisia ordosica. " "There are two kinds of cassia, one is water chestnut cassia, the stem is three or four feet high, the leaves are bigger than alfalfa and the leaves are small, and the day is open and the night is closed. In autumn, yellow flowers bloom and five flowers come out. The knot angle is like a newborn cowpea, five or six inches long, and there are dozens of angular neutrons, such as horseshoes and turquoise, which are the best medicine for the eyes. A cassia seed. Both of them can be used to make koji, which is also commonly known as the exclusive jar. But the tender seedlings, flowers and horns can be used as tea, while the horns of horseshoes are tough and bitter and inedible. "
Identification of medicinal materials: the seeds are dry, rhombic and horseshoe-shaped, with one end slightly pointed and the other end truncated, with a length of 5 ~ 8 mm and a width of 2.5 ~ 3 mm. The surface is yellow-brown or green-brown, smooth and shiny, with 1 raised brown ribs on both sides, and light-colored micro-concave ribs on both sides, which will burst when soaked in water. Hard and not easily broken. The cross section is thin, the endosperm is grayish white to yellowish, the cotyledons are yellow or dark brown, and they are strongly folded and shrunk. No gas, slightly bitter, slightly sticky. The particles are uniform, full and yellowish brown. Microscopic identification: the cross section of cassia seed: there are 65,438+0 rows of grid cells in the epidermis of seed coat, which are 40 ~ 56 microns in radial direction and 7 ~ 65,438+065,438+0 microns in tangential direction. There are 1 bright bands inside and outside the cell, and the outer stratum corneum is 165438. Sertoli cells are 1 row, wide at both ends, slightly dumbbell-shaped in the middle, 14 ~ 24μ m long, and the radial wall is thickened. The vegetative layer is a series of tangential elongated parenchyma cells, containing a small amount of calcium oxalate cluster crystals and square crystals, as well as scattered vascular bundles. Endosperm and cotyledon parenchyma cells contain cluster crystals, aleurone particles and fat oil droplets. Cassia powder: yellow brown. ① The cross section of reticular cells in seed coat epidermis is rectangular, with thick wall and obvious cell cavity. The parietal boat bends or the lower part of the cell bends at 1/3, and the two bright bands are located at the upper part and lower part of the cell at 1/3 respectively. The surface is polygonal and the wall shrinks slightly. Epidermal cells are surrounded by a thick stratum corneum. ② The cross section of sertoli cells in seed coat is slightly dumbbell-shaped or gourd-shaped, the inner and outer walls are slightly thicker, and the thickness of the middle side wall is 4 ~10 μ m; The surface is quasi-circular, with a diameter of 27 ~ 60 microns, and it can be seen that the ring is thickened (the thickened part in the middle of the side wall). ③ Cuticle fragments, with the thickness of 1 1 ~ 19 micron, have polygonal grid-like texture on the surface, which is the trace after the seed coat grid cells fall off. ④ The diameter of calcium oxalate clusters is 9 ~ 26 microns .. ⑤ The endosperm cell wall is mucus, and the cell cavity contains dark brown substance. ⑥ There are palisade tissues on both sides of cotyledons. In addition, you can also see the square crystal of calcium oxalate.
Chemical composition of traditional Chinese medicine: fresh seeds contain chrysophanol, emodin, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin glucoside, emodin anthrone, phy-scion, and Semen Cassiae (1, 6,7-). 8- dihydroxy -3- methyl anthraquinone), orange cassia seed (1, 7- dimethoxy-2,6,8-trihydroxy -3- methyl anthraquinone) and neospora rose pigment (Fusarium oxysporum), tiger pink and cassia seed. It also contains vitamin a( 1). Cassia seed contains anthraquinone compounds, mainly emodin, physcion, chrysophanol, aloe-emodin and cassia seed, cassia seed, cassia seed, orange cassia seed, their glycosides and xanthic acid, and cassia seed glycoside. In addition, it also contains mucus, protein, sitosterol, amino acids and fatty oil. ⑵ Cassia seed does not contain Cassia seed and its glycosides, and other aglycones and glycosides are the same as Cassia seed. In addition, it also contains chrysophanol-1-β- gentiobioside (chrysophanol-1-β- gentiobioside) and chrysophanol -9- anthrone (chrysophanol -9- anthrone). It also contains naphtho-γ-pyran derivatives: rufloxacin, norrubicin and rufloxacin -6-β- gentiobioside. In addition, it also contains toraoactone, torachrysone and vitamin A. It also contains mucus, protein, sitosterol, amino acids and fatty oil.
Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine: (1) Take 0.5g of this product powder, add 20ml of dilute sulfuric acid and 65438 00 ml of chloroform, slightly boil and reflux for 65438±05min, let it cool, move it into a separatory funnel, separate the chloroform layer, add 65438 00 ml of sodium hydroxide test solution, shake well, and the lye layer turns red. If it turns brown, separate the lye layer, add 1 ~ 2 drops of hydrogen peroxide test solution, and heat it in water bath for 4min, and the solution turns red. ⑵ Thin-layer chromatography: the chloroform extract prepared by the method ⑵ is concentrated to a small volume, and is spotted on a silica gel G thin-layer plate. Emodin, chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and rhein were used as reference substances, and petroleum ether (30 ~ 60℃)- n-hexane-ethyl formate-formic acid (1: 3: 1.5: 0) was used. When smoked with ammonia vapor or observed under ultraviolet lamp (365nm), eight red or orange-red industrial spots can be seen in both chromatograms of cassia seed, and only the sixth orange-red fluorescent spot can be seen together with this green spot.