Nansha Islands, commonly known as Nansha Islands, were first discovered by the people of China, first named, first developed and operated, and first managed and exercised by the China government.
According to historical records, China discovered Nansha Islands as early as the second century BC in the era of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the people of China have lived and engaged in fishing and other production activities in Nansha Islands. In Song Dynasty, China named Nansha Islands Wanli Shitang; Prior to this, in the Han Dynasty, the South China Sea islands, including Nansha Islands, were generally called Qitou. Since then, to the Qing Dynasty, there have been names such as Wanli Changsha, Li Qian Shitang and Shitang. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the China government clearly placed the Nansha Islands under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhou Prefecture (now Hainan Province).
/kloc-After the decline of China in the 20th century, Britain, the United States, Germany, France and Japan coveted the Nansha Islands and sent ships to survey and survey them many times in an attempt to occupy them. But it failed. 1933, the Nansha Islands were occupied by the French colonial authorities who ruled Vietnam at that time and illegally placed under the jurisdiction of Bati Province. During the Second World War in Europe, the Japanese army invaded the Nansha Islands in March 1939. 1945 After the Japanese surrender, the China government sent personnel to take over the Nansha Islands in 1946, and erected a monument to commemorate it and sent troops to station. 1947, Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha Islands and islands, reefs, sands and beaches were renamed and placed under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province again.
After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC),1951August 15, Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai issued the Statement on the Draft Peace Treaty of the Conference between the United States and Britain and San Francisco, solemnly pointing out that the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, like dongsha islands and zhongsha islands, are "the territory of China". Since then, in response to foreign aggression against the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands, the China government has repeatedly issued statements reaffirming China's inviolable and indisputable sovereignty over the Nansha Islands. 1On September 4th, 958, the government of China issued a statement declaring that the width of the territorial sea was 12 nautical mile, and clearly pointed out that this provision was applicable to all the territory of China, including the Nansha Islands and other islands belonging to China. 1959 In March, Hainan Administrative Region of Guangdong Province set up "West, South and zhongsha islands Offices" in Yongxing Island of Xisha Islands. From 65438 to 0984, China Academy of Sciences conducted a three-year scientific investigation on Nansha Islands. In the first half of 1987, two research vessels, Experiment 2 and Experiment 3, focused on Zengmu shoal basin, made a reef landing survey on Northeast 10 reef, and made a comprehensive investigation on 22 projects including hydrology, meteorology and biology at 59 observation points. From the second half of 1987 to February of 1988, China built an artificial island reef on Yongzheng Reef in Nansha and established an ocean observation station. 1988 After the establishment of Hainan Province in April, Nansha, Xisha and zhongsha islands were placed under the jurisdiction of Hainan Province, and the "Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Working Committee Office" was still located in Yongxing Island. On February 25 this year, the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of China adopted the People's Republic of China (PRC) territorial sea and the contiguous zone, reaffirming that the Nansha Islands and other islands and their waters are the territory and territorial waters of the applicant country.
The Chinese People's Navy exercises the duty of defending China's sovereignty. 1987, a multi-ship synthetic formation of the People's Navy conducted a military parade in the shoal area of Zengmu. On March 1988 and 14, the People's Navy patrolled the waters of Jiuzhang Reef in Nansha Islands and set up an observation point at Chibi Reef, which was attacked by Vietnamese invading ships. The people's navy resolutely fought back and defended the dignity of the motherland. Today, in the vast Nansha sea area, the People's Navy is guarding the coast of the motherland under the five-star red flag on six reefs in the first line of southern Xinjiang.
Meanwhile, for many years, the authorities of Taiwan Province Province in China have been sending troops to Taiping Island, the largest island in Nansha Islands.
The current situation of serious infringement of rights and interests
Since the 1960s, especially since the 1970s, the exposed islands, reefs and sea areas of Nansha Islands in China have been occupied and carved up by neighboring countries, and their resources have been plundered. These countries are Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. Among them, Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia also occupied the islands and reefs militarily, and only Indonesia occupied the sea area. Together with China and Taiwan Province Province, there are currently six countries and seven parties in the Nansha Islands. By the end of 199 1, except for six islands and reefs controlled by our army and Taiping Island controlled by Taiwan Province Province, the remaining 44 islands were occupied by Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia respectively. Vietnam is the only country that claims complete sovereignty over Nansha Islands, and it is also the biggest vested interest of Nansha to Switzerland, with the greatest expansion ambition and the greatest threat to China.
Nansha Islands is located in the sea area between 4 degrees north and south latitude and 12 degrees south of the South China Sea. Taiping Island, where troops from China and Taiwan Province Province are stationed, is located in the northwest of Nansha Islands, 860 nautical miles from Kaohsiung and 4 10 nautical miles from Yongxing Island Airport in Xisha. The nearest distance is about 200 nautical miles, 280 nautical miles and 330 nautical miles from the Philippines, Malaysia and Viet Nam respectively, and about 440 nautical miles from the former US military base in subic bay, Philippines.
At present, among the Nansha Islands, there are 1 1 reefs effectively controlled by China, such as Yongshu Reef, Chigua Reef, Zhubi Reef, Huayangjiao, Nanxun Reef, Dongmen Reef, mischief reef, Wufang Reef, Ren'ai Reef, Xinyi Reef and Xian 'e Reef. Among them, Yongshu Reef has a dock, which is enough to stop * 4,000-ton warships; Mischief reef has also recently built strong fortifications to station personnel. China claims all the islands in the Nansha Islands, and it is the only country that legally owns the sovereignty of the Nansha Islands.
At present, among the Nansha Islands, Taiping Island is the only island reef in Taiwan Province Province that is effectively controlled and garrisoned. There are Marine Corps garrison bases (demolished) and harbor facilities (destroyed by typhoons) on the island. Taiping Island is the largest island in Nansha Islands, with the only natural fresh water in Nansha Islands. These factors make it the most strategic island in Nansha Islands. Taiwan Province Province of China claims sovereignty over all the islands in Nansha Islands.
Vietnam currently controls Hung Hom Island, Nanzi Island, Dunqian Shazhou, Mo Lifeng Reef, Jinghong Island, Zhongjiao Reef, Nanwei Island, Anbo Shazhou, Baijiao Reef, Beijiao Reef, Xijiao Reef, Wuwei Reef, Riji Reef, Daxian Reef, Dongjiao Reef, Liumen Reef, Nanhua Reef, Bolan Reef, Luo Nai Reef, Guishou Reef and Qiongjiao Reef in Nansha Islands. Vietnam claims all the islands in the Nansha Islands.
Malaysia occupies Birgun Reef, Nanhai Reef and Guangxingzi Reef. Malaysia claims to own the waters and islands and reefs 8 degrees north-south latitude of Nansha Islands and south of Taiping Island, so there are few conflicts with our garrison, but there have been disputes with the Philippines, and there are few conflicts with other countries at present. In order to maintain the appearance of unity within ASEAN, Malaysia is not inclined to use force to solve problems.
At present, the Philippine side actually controls Mahuan Island, Shuanghuangsha Island, Feixin Island, Zhongye Island, Nanyue Island, Beizi Island, Xiyue Island and Siling Reef, among which Zhongye Island has an airport with a runway of 1.500m long and 90m wide. The Philippines claims all the islands in the Nansha Islands.
At present, Brunei claims sovereignty over the South China Sea Reef in Nansha Islands, but there is no garrison. Because the country is weak, there are few reports of territorial conflicts between Brunei and other countries in the world.
At present, Indonesia does not own any islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands, nor does it claim to own any islands and reefs in the Nansha Islands. However, the northeastern part of the 200-nautical-mile economic sea area of Natuna Islands, Indonesia's main oil-producing area, overlaps with the 200-nautical-mile economic sea area of Nansha Islands.
The fact is that since the late 1960s, the Philippines and Vietnam have taken the lead in "nibbling" Nansha.
The Philippines sent troops to occupy 1970 and 197 1 three Nansha Islands. By 1975, the number had increased to six, and by 1978, the number of marines occupied by the Philippines had reached thousands.
Vietnam followed closely and came from behind. After the reunification of 1975, Vietnam sent troops to seize Nansha Island, and began to explore and exploit the oil resources in this area together with the former Soviet oil company in the late 1970s.
Since the 1980 s, the island robbery has intensified. The Philippines has occupied four more islands and reefs, and * * * has occupied 10 islands and reefs. Vietnam captured 28 islands and reefs with 1988. Malaysian occupied Birgun Reef, Nanhai Reef and Xing Zi Reef at 1983 and 1986.
In the late 1980s, the Philippine Air Force built an airstrip on the island it occupied. 1991September 16, Malaysia also announced that it would build an airstrip on the Nansha island reef it occupied, and also moved soil from the mainland to expand its island reef and turn it into a sightseeing spot. Vietnam also sent people to Nansha for inspection and built fishing ports and lighthouses. These countries cooperate with foreign oil companies to exploit oil and gas resources in Nansha area.
China only controls nine islands and reefs, of which 1 Taiping Island is still in the hands of Taiwan Province Province, China.
Map of South China Sea in China
Nansha Islands, located at the southernmost tip of southern Xinjiang, is an oval coral reef group with the largest number of islands and reefs in the South China Sea. It is located at 3 40' north latitude to1155' north latitude and109 33' east longitude to117 50' east longitude. Xiongnan Beach in the north, Zengmu shoal in the south, Ma Haili Beach in the east and Wan 'an Beach in the west. It is more than 500 nautical miles long from north to south and 400 nautical miles wide from east to west, with a water area of about 820,000 square kilometers, accounting for about two-fifths of the traditional sea area of the South China Sea. It borders Vietnam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and the Philippines in the west, south and east. Nansha Islands consists of more than 550 islands, continents, reefs, beaches and beaches, but about one fifth of them are exposed to the sea.
The South China Sea Islands are the general names of many islands, sandbars, reefs, shoals and shoals of China in the South China Sea. They are widely distributed. It stretches from north to south 1800 km, with an east-west distribution of about 900 km. * * * There are more than 200 islands, reefs, beaches and beaches. The island starts from Wei Bei Beach near the coast in the north, Wan 'an Beach in the west, Zengmu shoal in the south and Huangyan Island in the east. From north to south, it can be roughly divided into four islands: Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha.
Nansha Islands: Located at the southernmost tip of the four islands in the South China Sea of China, the islands and reefs are the largest and most widely distributed. The main islands are Taiping Island, Nanwei Island, Zhongye Island, Zhenghe Reef and Wan 'an Beach. Zengmu shoal is the southernmost part of China territory.
Nansha Islands is of great strategic significance. They are located between Cam Ranh Bay in Vietnam and subic bay in the Philippines, and are the maritime transportation hubs from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. They are an important international waterway from East Asia to South Asia, the Middle East, Africa and Europe, an important channel for China to open to the outside world and an important barrier for the security of southern Xinjiang. Of the 39 air routes from China to foreign countries, 2 1 passes through Nansha Islands, and 60% of foreign trade transportation passes through Nansha Islands.
Nansha Islands has a tropical maritime monsoon climate, with an average monthly temperature of 25-29 degrees Celsius, abundant rainfall, lush shrubs, numerous seabirds, rich bird droppings, amphibians and various aquatic products. It is the largest tropical fishing ground of marine fishery in China, with 0/55 species of phytoplankton, more than 200 species of zooplankton and 66 species of shellfish. The sea area is rich in mineral resources, including oil and natural gas, iron, copper, manganese and phosphorus. Among them, oil and gas resources are particularly rich, with geological reserves of about 35 billion tons, which is known as the "second Persian Gulf". It is mainly distributed in more than ten river basins such as Zengmu shoal, Wan 'anxi and Beiletan, with a total area of about 4 1 1,000 square kilometers. The oil and gas reserves of Zengmu shoal basin alone are about 1.26 ~ 1.37 billion tons.
Nansha Islands have been the territory of China since ancient times. Nansha Islands are the earliest islands discovered, named, developed, operated, managed and exercised by China. According to historical records, China discovered Nansha Islands as early as the 2nd century BC in the era of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the people of China have lived and engaged in fishing and other production activities in Nansha Islands. In the Han Dynasty, the South China Sea islands, including Nansha Islands, were collectively called Qitou. In Song Dynasty, China named Nansha Islands Wanli Shitang; Since then, to the Qing Dynasty, there have been names such as Wanli Changsha, Li Qian Shitang and Shitang. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the China government clearly placed the Nansha Islands under the jurisdiction of Qiongzhou Prefecture (now Hainan Province).
/kloc-After the decline of China in the 20th century, Britain, the United States, Germany, France and Japan coveted the Nansha Islands and sent ships to survey and survey them many times in an attempt to occupy them. But it failed. 1933, the Nansha Islands were occupied by the French colonial authorities who ruled Vietnam at that time and illegally placed under the jurisdiction of Bati Province. During World War II, the Japanese army invaded the Nansha Islands in March 1939. 1945 After the Japanese surrender, the China government sent personnel to take over the Nansha Islands in 1946, and erected a monument to commemorate it and sent troops to station. 1947, Dongsha, Xisha, Zhongsha, Nansha Islands and islands, reefs, sands and beaches were renamed and placed under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province again.
The South China Sea Islands have always been a part of China. After the founding of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the China government issued solemn statements on many occasions, confirming that China has sovereignty over the South China Sea Islands. 1951August 15, Foreign Minister Zhou Enlai pointed out that the islands in the South China Sea, including the Xisha and Nansha Islands, "belong to the territory of China, which was occupied by Japanese imperialism when it launched a war of aggression, but after Japan surrendered, these islands were completely accepted by the then China government."
After that,
1May 29, 956,
1September 4, 958,
1February 27, 959,
1974 65438+ 10/01,65438+120 February 4,
1976 June 14,
1September 26th, 979,
1982165438+1October 28th,
1983 September 14
China has repeatedly issued statements reaffirming that China enjoys legitimate sovereignty over the South China Sea islands, including the Xisha Islands and Nansha Islands, and will never allow any country to violate them under any pretext or in any way. Any foreign occupation of the South China Sea Islands and any development or other activities in these areas are illegal and unacceptable.
The South China Sea Islands have always been under the jurisdiction of Guangdong Province. 1984 on may 3 1, the second session of the sixth national people's congress deliberated on the State Council's motion and decided to establish Hainan administrative region, changing Xisha Islands, Nansha Islands and zhongsha islands into Hainan administrative region, and still setting up the "Xisha Zhongsha Nansha Working Committee Office" in Yongxing Island. On February 25th 1992, People's Republic of China (PRC) reiterated that the Nansha Islands and their sea areas are China's territory and territorial waters. The Chinese People's Navy exercises the duty of defending China's sovereignty. Today, in the vast Nansha sea area, the People's Navy is guarding the sea border of the motherland under the five-star red flag on six reefs of the southern Xinjiang line.
The authorities of Taiwan Province Province in China have been sending troops to Taiping Island, the largest island in Nansha Islands. There are more than 230 islands, sandbars and reefs in Nansha Islands of China, of which 1 1 islands, 5 sandbars and 20 reefs are exposed to the water. Most of the islands and reefs with better conditions have been occupied by foreign enemies: at present, Vietnam actually occupies and controls about 30 islands and reefs, and Malaysia and the Philippines each actually control about 10 islands and reefs. So there should be more than 50 islands and reefs occupied by foreign enemies in Nansha, China. Moreover, they are vigorously developing the resources of the occupied areas, and their economic strength is constantly increasing, thus greatly increasing their capital against China and increasing the difficulty and cost for China to recover the lost land in Nansha.
Many people think that the time for China to recover Nansha is not yet ripe, so it should give priority to development, and even leave it to future generations to solve when it is more fully prepared. This view, to put it bluntly, is the fault of the country and the legacy left to future generations! The cruel reality has proved that because of the delay, the lost land in Northeast China that China could have recovered in the civil war was lost forever (Lenin made it clear that it would be returned in full before his death); Because of indecision, southern Tibet, which could have been recovered before India took over the nuclear program, was basically lost forever. India immigrated to southern Tibet on a large scale, and if the immigrants there cannot be removed, it is impossible to recover the territory. As for India, which currently possesses nuclear weapons, does China dare to kill civilians on a large scale because of recovering disputed land? In today's world, don't say you dare!
You have developed, and your military strength has become stronger. Don't forget, people are not stagnant there, they are developing and their military strength is stronger! The gap between the enemy and ourselves may not widen, but it is more likely to narrow! Undoubtedly, the longer it takes, the more difficult it will be for China to recover Nansha, and the stronger military strength of the enemy will surely make China pay a heavier price. Many people are not enterprising and ignore the necessity and urgency of using troops in Nansha for fear of undermining "stability" and affecting the "overall situation" of development. Don't you know that Vietnam, the Philippines and Malaysia are more worried about instability and its impact on development than China? If we delay the recovery of the occupied islands and reefs under various pretexts according to those foolish ideas of "wait and talk later", China's blue land in the South China Sea will be destroyed forever, and we will be sorry for our ancestors and future generations!
China, if you really want to recover the lost land in Nansha, you must be brave and fearless! Nansha belongs to China, and we must take it back. There is nothing to discuss and explain! On the South China Sea issue, it is impossible to solve any substantive problems by making it clear. Disappointingly, in the process of competing for Nansha, the actions of Viet Nam and other neighboring countries became more intense and active, thus occupying many China territories that should have been controlled by China. With regard to the islands and reefs such as Zhongye Island, Nanwei Island and Pinball Reef, which are painstakingly managed by the enemy, I am frustrated that it is actually very difficult (almost impossible) to recover those islands and reefs according to the current mental state of China. My lowest expectation for China is to occupy more uninhabited islands and reefs as soon as possible and leave as many industries as possible to future generations.
Comprehensive analysis and textual research show that China's control over Nansha Island reef, beach and shoal supported by direct or indirect evidence is as follows:
China name-means of control.
Taiping Island-Resident of Taiwan Province Coast Guard.
Zhongzhoujiao-Taiping Island Garrison Monitoring
Zhubijiao-Nansha garrison stationed.
Nanxun Reef-Nansha Garrison is stationed.
Chigua Reef-Nansha garrison stationed.
Dongmen Reef-Nansha garrison stationed.
Yongshu Reef-Nansha Garrison is stationed.
Chinese garrison in Nansha.
Mischief reef-The South China Sea Fisheries Department is stationed (the reef has two garrisons in the north and south).
Zengmu shoal-South China Sea Fleet regularly inspects (with sovereignty monument. No one is making trouble for the time being. Control needs to be strengthened)
The change is to replace the Marine Corps with the Coast Guard.
In 2005,
Vietnam has 2,000 soldiers,
There are nearly 600 soldiers stationed in Chinese mainland.
More than 200 soldiers are stationed in Taiwan Province province of China.
Philippines 100 people,
90 people in Malaysia.
In 2008,
China Taiwan Province Province has 150 troops stationed in Taiping Island.
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