Hello, the main causes of cerebral hemorrhage are long-term hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Most patients' blood pressure increased obviously at onset, which led to blood vessel rupture and cerebral hemorrhage.
Guiding opinions:
In the later stage, primary diseases such as hypertension should be actively treated, and acupuncture combined with massage and traditional Chinese medicine can be used to recover.
Disease analysis:
Middle-aged and elderly people are the main population of cerebral hemorrhage, and 40-70 years old is the main onset age. The causes of cerebral hemorrhage are mainly related to the pathological changes and sclerosis of cerebral vessels. Vascular diseases are closely related to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, vascular aging and smoking. The so-called cerebral hemorrhage usually refers to spontaneous primary cerebral hemorrhage. Patients often have sudden onset due to emotional excitement, showing aphasia and hemiplegia, and in severe cases, they are unconscious, half of them.
Guiding opinions:
Attach importance to rehabilitation nursing;
Including psychological nursing and basic nursing, to ensure the basic needs of patients; Do special care, depending on the specific patient and condition, such as nursing nasal feeding tube, urinary catheter, bedsore and so on.
Disease analysis:
According to your situation, it can be diagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage.
Guiding opinions:
After acute cerebral hemorrhage, we should pay attention to the following problems:
Psychological care:
In the acute phase, family members and patients pay attention to saving lives, but in the recovery phase, they are often eager to restore their functions, demanding quick self-care and even going to work. Some patients are pessimistic, disappointed and depressed. Therefore, patients should be encouraged to establish confidence in overcoming the disease and determine their physical and mental disabilities. We should treat our diseases and functions realistically and strive for a good prognosis. We should cooperate with medical staff and families to overcome the disease. "When we come, it should be safe." Otherwise, if you are eager to recover, you will be impatient, but it will be unfavorable.
Pay attention to rational drug use:
Because patients often suffer from several diseases or symptoms at the same time, doctors have prescribed a variety of drugs, so relatives and friends or family members should not add a variety of drugs themselves. Excessive and disorderly medication may have side effects on the stomach, liver, kidney or hematopoietic system, which will not only accelerate recovery, but also lead to other problems.
Prevention of recurrence of stroke:
It is very meaningful to prevent recurrence in recovery period, because a stroke can suddenly recur. The more attacks, the worse the prognosis and the higher the mortality. In order to prevent recurrence, we should pay attention to stable blood pressure, proper eating and whether there are cardiopulmonary complications.
Do a good job in family rehabilitation:
The rehabilitation period is usually spent at home, and family members should know how to do a good job in family rehabilitation.
Attach importance to rehabilitation nursing;
Including psychological nursing and basic nursing, to ensure the basic needs of patients; Do special care, depending on the specific patient and condition, such as nursing nasal feeding tube, urinary catheter, bedsore and so on.
Ensure proper nutrition and intake:
Because stroke patients are often accompanied by aphasia, they can't express their wishes correctly, or they have difficulty choking and swallowing, and they can't guarantee eating. Their intake is often insufficient or excessive, so their families should pay enough attention to it. They should set a diet, set a fixed intake, supply it at a fixed time, and feed it through a nasal tube if necessary.
Smooth stool:
Constipation and excessive defecation can induce hemorrhagic cerebral embolism in the middle of the year. In order to keep defecation unobstructed, defecate regularly and eat celery, carrots and fruits. Drugs can be used when necessary, such as boiling water for diarrhea, Maren Runchang pills, fruit guides, etc.
Disease analysis:
Hello, after the patient's condition is stable, encourage the patient to do active exercise. Get out of bed as soon as possible, give training guidance from aspects of getting up, balancing the affected limbs, standing and walking, gradually increase the range and frequency of activities, and finally help patients go up and down the stairs to exercise, which is conducive to functional recovery.
Guiding opinions:
Traditional Chinese medicine can be used to repair damaged brain cells, which is rich in neurotrophic factors, small molecular peptides and various amino acids. These effective components can directly act on brain cells, promote the synthesis of protein, resist cerebral cortex hypoxia, improve brain energy metabolism, accelerate cerebral blood circulation, and be beneficial to the recovery of diseases.
Disease analysis:
1, most cases of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage are caused by hypertension, and the pathogenesis is mainly claudication caused by hypertension. Most of the bleeding sites are located in the basal ganglia, and some patients also appear in the cerebral lobes and posterior cranial fossa. The recovery depends mainly on the amount of bleeding, the bleeding site and the treatment time after onset. Of course, hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage usually leaves many sequelae, such as hemiplegia and aphasia. The recovery of cerebral hemorrhage is related to the location, size and clinical symptoms of hemorrhage. If the above symptoms do not appear before operation, they may be recovered by craniotomy as soon as possible. If hemiplegia and aphasia have occurred before operation, the possibility of recovery after operation is small. However, some patients can basically restore their self-care after comprehensive treatment such as nourishing the cranial nerves, hyperbaric oxygen and functional exercise, and some patients can also recover.
Guiding opinions:
Viewpoint: 1, generally speaking, after the recovery of cerebral hemorrhage, the best time for nerve recovery takes 3-6 months, and the longest time is about 1 year, and the degree of recovery will be slower as time goes by. Of course, it is necessary to understand that surgery is only the first step in treating diseases, and it is also crucial to strengthen postoperative management and actively prevent lung infection, gastrointestinal bleeding and urinary tract infection. The occurrence of these complications will sometimes aggravate the condition and affect the prognosis of patients. 2. In addition, rehabilitation measures include comprehensive treatment such as nourishing brain and heart, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, hyperbaric oxygen, acupuncture and moxibustion in traditional Chinese medicine, and of course it is also very important for the treatment of basic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
Life care:
Nursing measures should be paid attention to: during the perioperative period after operation, patients should take more activities in all joints and massage joint muscles, and it is better to take the initiative. If they can't take the initiative, they need passive activities to prevent joint stiffness and functional loss caused by long-term bed rest. At the same time, it is also very important to turn over and knock on the back frequently to prevent bedsore and lung infection from aggravating the condition, and finally to strengthen high-energy nutritional support.
Disease analysis:
Middle-aged and elderly people are the main population of cerebral hemorrhage, and 40-70 years old is the main onset age. The causes of cerebral hemorrhage are mainly related to the pathological changes and sclerosis of cerebral vessels. Vascular diseases are closely related to hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, vascular aging and smoking. The so-called cerebral hemorrhage usually refers to spontaneous primary cerebral hemorrhage. Patients often have sudden onset due to emotional excitement, showing aphasia and hemiplegia, and in severe cases, they are unconscious, half of them.
The main causes of cerebral hemorrhage are long-term hypertension and arteriosclerosis. Most patients' blood pressure increased obviously at onset, which led to blood vessel rupture and cerebral hemorrhage.
Guiding opinions:
Several common treatment methods of cerebral hemorrhage
(1) General treatment; (1) Keep quiet, stay in bed absolutely, and rescue locally. It is not suitable for long-distance transportation and excessive moving, so as not to aggravate bleeding; ② Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, suck out oral secretions or vomit at any time, and give oxygen appropriately, and intermittent inhalation is appropriate; Maintain the balance between nutrition and water and electrolyte.
(2) Control brain edema and reduce intracranial pressure.
(3) Controlling hypertension and lowering the elevated blood pressure are important measures to prevent further bleeding, but it is not advisable to lower the blood pressure too low to prevent insufficient blood supply. Generally, it should be maintained at 20.0-21.312.0-13.3kpa (150-160/.
(4) Hemostatic drugs and coagulant drugs have no effect on cerebral hemorrhage, but they can still be used if there is gastrointestinal bleeding or coagulation disorder;
(5) In order to prevent and treat complications, severe patients should pay special attention to basic nursing, regularly and gently change body position, pay attention to dry and clean skin, prevent bedsore and lung infection, maintain functional position of paralyzed limbs, massage and passive exercise, and prevent joint contracture.
Disease analysis:
Hello, according to your description, you can't rule out cerebral hemorrhage.
Guiding opinions:
Family nursing methods for patients with cerebral hemorrhage
1, psychological nursing
Patients with cerebral hemorrhage often have emotional reactions such as depression, frustration, irritability, pessimism and disappointment. Therefore, family members should be psychologically considerate of patients, talk with patients more, comfort and encourage patients, create a good family atmosphere, patiently explain their illness, eliminate their doubts and pessimism, make them understand their illness, and establish and consolidate their confidence and determination in functional rehabilitation training.
2. Nursing care to prevent complications
(1) Turn over and pat the patient's back for 4-6 times every day regularly, each time for about 10 minutes. Once the patient is found to have yellow phlegm, fever, shortness of breath and blue lips, he should seek medical attention immediately.
(2) Encourage patients to drink plenty of water to clean the urinary tract, and pay attention to the cleaning of perineum to prevent cross infection. If urine is turbid and fever is found, it should be treated as soon as possible.
(3) Paralytic patients are often constipated, and some patients may have cerebral hemorrhage again due to forced defecation. Therefore, we should pay attention to the diet structure, give patients a low-fat, high-protein and high-energy diet and fruits and vegetables containing crude fiber, and give them enough water. Go to the toilet regularly to defecate, and use laxatives and enema when necessary.
(4) Patients who are paralyzed in bed are prone to bedsore in the prominent parts of occipital tuberosity, scapula, hip, sacrococcygeal region and heel. Use a soft pillow or sponge pad to protect bony processes, turn over every 2-3 hours to avoid procrastination, keep the bed dry and clean, take warm baths and massage regularly, promote local blood circulation and improve local nutritional status.
(5) Massage the limbs 10~ 15 minutes every day to promote venous blood return and prevent deep venous thrombosis. Once you find unexplained fever and lower limb swelling and pain, you should make a diagnosis and treatment in time.
Disease analysis:
Hello, the patient has cerebral hemorrhage, and the prognosis mainly depends on the treatment and maintenance at that time.
Guiding opinions:
At present, vasodilators can promote the recovery of nerve function, such as nimodipine and flunarizine. Promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis and traditional Chinese medicine are beneficial to the recovery of neurological function. Smoking, diabetes and hyperlipidemia should be controlled, and the diet should contain high-fiber food, eat more fruits and vegetables, and eat less greasy food.