Erya was first recorded in Hanshu Yiwenzhi, but the author's name was not included.
There are always different opinions about the writing age and author of Er Ya. Some people think that this was written by Zhou Gongdan in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty. Later Confucius and his disciples supplemented it. Some people think it was written by Confucius' disciples. All these statements are not credible. The upper limit of Er Ya's completion will not be earlier than the Warring States Period, because some materials used in the book come from Chu Ci, Zhuangzi, Lv Chunqiu and other books, and these books are all works of the Warring States Period. Some animals mentioned in the book, such as suān (lion), were not available before the Warring States Period. The lower limit of the book Er Ya will not be later than the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, because Dr Er Ya was established by Emperor Wen of Han Dynasty, and Er Ya Zhu, regarded as literature, appeared by Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty.
Judging from the nature of Erya, it was originally a compilation of exegesis, which mainly explained the five classics and the semantics of group books, but exegetics sprouted in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period and developed greatly in the Western Han Dynasty. Because from the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Western Han Dynasty, great changes have taken place in language and writing in the past few hundred years, and ordinary people don't know much about ancient books, so they need special scholars to explain them. The rulers of the Han Dynasty tried to consolidate their rule with Confucian classics, so they respected poetry, calligraphy, etiquette, the Book of Changes and the Spring and Autumn Period as the Five Classics, and set up doctors to teach classics in official schools. This promoted the prosperity of exegetics. Scholars annotate Confucian classics handed down from the pre-Qin period, and then explain all kinds of classic annotations together with the text, and arrange them according to a certain style. Erya is such a compilation of exegesis. It was not written by one person at a time. It was originally written at the end of the Warring States period and was compiled by some Confucian scholars at that time. After the Qin Fire, this book was reprinted in the early Han Dynasty, and it was supplemented by Confucian scholars one after another, which became today's Er Ya.
Erya contains more than 4,300 words, which are divided into 209 1 items. According to the category, these projects are divided into explanation, explanation, training explanation, explanation of family, explanation of palace, explanation of music, explanation of heaven, explanation of land, explanation of hills, explanation of water and explanation of heaven.
The first three articles of this 19 are obviously different from the last 16, which can be divided into two categories. The first three articles, namely "interpretation", "interpretation" and "interpretation", are explanations of general words, similar to later Chinese dictionaries. For example:
Such as, appropriate, appropriate, married, long (cú), go, go. (Interpretation)
G, that's fine. (explanation)
Obviously, Jin Jin, Mr. Tea. (explanation)
Among them, "Shi" is a word to explain ancient times. It put together several parts of speech that existed in ancient times and explained them with a popular sentence at that time. Shuowen Jiezi takes words as the object of explanation, and most of them have only one or two words. "Interpretation" is devoted to the explanation of reduplications or conjunctions that describe things. Although as a Chinese dictionary, its annotations are too general, and many entries are just synonyms, such works can be produced as early as the second century BC, which is the first time in the history of dictionaries in the world.
The last 16 of Er Ya explains the names of various things according to their categories, which is similar to the encyclopedic noun dictionary of later generations. Among them, four articles, such as Release of Relatives, Release of Palace, Release of Apparatus and Release of Music, explain the appellation of relatives and the names of palace objects.
For example:
Call me uncle. I call him nephew. (release parents)
The hall next to the door is called the school. (Shi Gong)
Meat is twice as good as jade, meat is twice as good as jade, and meat is twice as good as ring.
(publisher)
The big drum is called fén, and the small drum is called ying. (Xerox)
Five articles, such as Interpretation of Heaven, Interpretation of Land, Interpretation of Hill, Interpretation of Mountain and Interpretation of Water, explain the terms related to astronomical geography. For example:
Only, years old. Year, year, year, Tang Zai
(Shi Tian)
The tomb is bigger than the one by the river. (Land release)
Absolutely high, Beijing; This is not man-made, Qiu (Shi Qiu)
Mount Tai is Dongyue, Huashan is Xiyue, Huoshan is Nanyue, Hengshan is Beiyue and Songshan is Zhongyue. (Shishan)
Water is injected into streams, streams into valleys, valleys into ditches, ditches into ditches, and blasphemies into ditches. (water release)
The following seven articles "Shi Cao" and "Shi Mu" explain the words about animals and plants.
For example:
Wood is called China, grass is called glory, what is not honorable but real is called beauty, and what is glorious but not real is called English. (putting grass)
Fir, pine and cypress. Sabina vulgaris, pine and cypress leaves. (release wood)
There are enough bugs, but not enough bugs. (Insect release)
Quinn, Roy. (release fish)
Yan Shu Goose. Shu Fu (fú), Yi (wü). (Birds released)
I am like a bear, Huang Baiwen. (release animals)
A four-legged dog is a mastiff. (release livestock)
After two words, 16 articles are equivalent to an encyclopedia dictionary. In the Han Dynasty, children had to read The Analects of Confucius, The Book of Filial Piety and Er Ya after completing literacy education. Learning Erya can help you "learn more about birds, animals, plants, insects and fish" and increase all kinds of knowledge. Although Er Ya's knowledge capacity is quite limited by today's standards, it has been very considerable in ancient times. So some people say that Erya is an encyclopedia of ancient China.
In history, Erya was highly respected. This is because Erya summarizes and explains the ancient meanings of many ancient words in pre-Qin ancient books and has become an important reference book for Confucian scholars to read and understand classics. Erya was regarded as a Confucian classic in Han Dynasty and listed as one of the thirteen classics in Song Dynasty. In fact, Er Ya is not a classic, nor is it a vassal of a classic. This is an independent dictionary. With the help of this dictionary, people can read ancient books and study ancient vocabulary. You can learn about ancient society and increase all kinds of knowledge.
Erya occupies a prominent position in the history of linguistics and lexicography in China.
The style of sorting according to meaning and various methods of explaining words initiated by Erya have had a great influence on the development of post-pronoun books and quasi-pronoun books. Later generations imitated Erya and wrote a series of ci books with the theme of Ya, such as Xiao Er Ya, Guang Ya, Yi Ya, Tong Ya and Bieya. Shu Ya study has become a science, which is called "elegant study".
From the Han and Tang Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty, many people commented on Erya. The earliest and most complete annotation is Er Ya Zhu written by Guo Pu in Jin Dynasty. Er Ya Zhu in Notes to Thirteen Classics adopted Er Ya Zhu by Guo Pu in Northern Song Dynasty and Er Shu Ya by Xing Bing. There are no fewer than 20 works on Er Ya in Qing Dynasty, among which Shao's Er Ya Zheng Yi and Er Ya Yi Shu are the most famous. Nowadays, Xu Chaohua's Notes on Er Jin Ya has been noticed by people. The text is concise, concise, to the point, and has a stroke index, which is most conducive to review and study.
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