Explanatory reading answer formula 1 1. Clarify the object of explanation: when reading an explanatory article, whether it is the whole article or the whole paragraph, we must first grasp what the article explains, that is, what the object is; Read the explanatory text and try to find out what the article explains. How to find a suitable explanation object? 1. Look at the topic, many of them are the objects of explanation. Such as (Chinese stone arch bridge). 2. Grasp the first enclosed sentence and the central sentence. A good expository often uses this sentence to highlight the things and characteristics to be explained.
Second, grasp the characteristics of things or things to be explained: the characteristics of things are mainly manifested in structure (inside and outside), shape (size, length, etc. ), properties (hard, soft, cold, hot, etc. ), change (dynamic, static, fast and slow), reason (simple and complex), function (wide and narrow, positive and negative) and so on. Generally speaking, the main points to be explained in explanatory texts are often the characteristics of things. In addition to the key points, it is also necessary to find out which features the author introduced and from which angles. For example, the article Immortality of the Dead Sea illustrates the characteristics of the Dead Sea from three angles: first, the "death" of the Dead Sea (phenomenal characteristics), then the "immortality" of the Dead Sea (essential characteristics), and finally the "immortality" and "death" of the Dead Sea (current situation and future development characteristics). In this way, the comprehensive characteristics of the Dead Sea are revealed layer by layer. Another example is the article Suzhou Garden, which focuses on the general feature of "No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you" and expounds it from five aspects: the layout of pavilions; The cooperation between rockery and pond; Against the flowers and trees; Close-up level; And the carving and color of doors and windows. In this way, through inductive analysis from different aspects, we can fully grasp the characteristics of Suzhou gardens.
Third, read carefully and summarize the explanation methods: when reading an explanation article, mark the explanation methods used in the article while reading, then summarize the main methods used, and then analyze the role of these explanation methods in accurately explaining the characteristics of things.
Fourth, summarize the main points paragraph by paragraph, and clarify the order of explanation: when summarizing the main points, pay attention to the role of the first enclosed sentence, the last concluding sentence or interrogative sentence, and the role of the statement that defines or explains the concept. You can sketch out these sentences when reading. It is best to use complete sentences when summarizing the main points, and the meaning should be concise. On the basis of summarizing the main points paragraph by paragraph, the full text is divided into relatively independent parts by the method of "similarity merging", the general idea of each part is summarized, and the general idea of each part is connected in turn, so that the interpretation order of the full text can be clearly displayed. What order of interpretation is used depends on the object of interpretation. Generally speaking, time sequence is used to explain the evolution and development of things; Spatial order is used to describe architecture; Introduce high-tech products or explain the relationship between things. In logical order.
Fifth, the overall perception, grasp the center: on the basis of clear explanation order, it is easy to see the basic structure of the article by analyzing the relationship between paragraphs and parts. In the case of the total score structure, we should also pay attention to the combination principle of "points", whether it is parallel, progressive or including the total score relationship. Progressive structure should focus on how the meaning of each layer develops step by step, from phenomenon to essence, from individual to general, or from result to reason, and so on. After mastering the structure, it is best to draw a schematic diagram of the structure. The explanation center is to summarize an explanation article to explain the characteristics of the things being explained, or to explain the things in the factory. On the basis of clarifying the order of explanation and grasping the structure of the article, it is not difficult to summarize the center of explanation.
Sixth, experience the accuracy of the explanation language: accuracy is the characteristic of the explanation language. Analyzing the language of explanatory writing is to see how words and sentences accurately explain the characteristics of things to be explained. Pay attention to analyze the function of keywords. For example, in the article "March on the Desert", "Desert is one of the most tenacious natural enemies of mankind", removing the word "most" is not enough to explain the serious harm of desert; The nature of removing "nature" and "enemy" is unclear; Take out "one" and it will be absolute.
Explanatory reading answer formula 2 1. Point out the explanation object or content of the article.
The general title of a descriptive article is the object of explanation;
Find concluding sentences at the beginning and end of the case description.
We can start from two aspects: first, look at the title, and second, look at the beginning and end. A description of things can only point out what is explained. The explanatory text points out the explanatory content and forms a phrase: Introduction (object plus content).
Secondly, it points out the explanation method and function of underlined sentences.
1, the common interpretation methods are:
Classify, define, give examples, compare, list numbers, make analogies, quote data, and draw charts.
2, the role of common methods:
Example: By listing examples of ...
(2) Numbers: scientifically, accurately, concretely and accurately explain the characteristics of XXX. Make the explanation more convincing.
③ analogy: comparison
④ Comparison: By comparing ... and ..., the characteristics of ... are highlighted.
⑤ Reference: By reference.
⑥ Classification: Explain the characteristics of ××× clearly. (Explain the characteristics/events of XXX in different categories to make the explanation more organized. )
⑦. Drawing charts: make readers see at a glance and explain the characteristics of ××× intuitively and vividly.
8. Definition: Explain the characteristics of … scientifically, accurately and concretely to distinguish it from other things.
9. Note: Further explain … so that readers can better understand …
Attending doctor. Imitation: A concrete and vivid description of ... makes the article readable.
Third, analyze the order of articles.
1. time series: it shows that the development and evolution of things are generally marked with clear time. For example, an article introducing the working procedure,
2. spatial order: From top to bottom, from inside to outside, from head to toe, from outside to inside, from front to back, from left to right, from whole to part, there are generally locative words. For example, introducing buildings or entities.
3. Logical order: subject-secondary, cause-effect, phenomenon-essence, feature-use, general-individual, generalization-concrete, whole-part. And so on, often indicating cause and effect, indicating things.
Sequential words, such as "because, so" and "first, second".
Description of buildings, scenic spots, etc. Usually follow spatial order's description. When introducing the characteristics of each stage of a thing or production process, time sequence is often used. When introducing abstract things, it is often necessary to adopt logical order. In recent years, most of the selected paragraphs in expositions are scientific and technological expositions, and these expositions are generally rational expositions, so they are mostly in logical order.
Four: What order of explanation is used in this article? What's the role?
Standardized answer format: In this article, the explanation order of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ If it is a rational exposition, but it cannot be accurately expressed, it can be expressed in vague language such as "rationality" and "science". )
Fifth, analyze the structure of explanatory text.
Common forms are: "total score-score" type (or from total score to subtotal, or from subtotal to subtotal, or total score), parallel type, progressive type and so on. Analyze the structure of the article and grasp the central sentences and conjunctions, such as "first", "second", "also" and "except".
What's the use of adding some words?
Grasp the accuracy of the explanation and answer the questions.
A: The word ×× means …, which means … in the text. The word ×× reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language.
Seven: Can you use another word instead? And explain why.
A: (1) No.
(2) The original word in the sentence refers to,
(3) It is not practical to change the word ×× to ….
(4) The word ×× reflects the accuracy of the interpretation language.
Eight: Can the word ×××× be deleted?
A: (1) cannot be deleted.
(2) the meaning of this word is ...
(3) What will it mean if it is deleted? Unrealistic, too absolute.
(4) The word XX embodies the accuracy, thoroughness and scientificity of language.
Nine. An Analysis of the Sentence Function of Explanatory Text
The characteristics of this kind of questions are: extract a sentence or paragraph from the text and analyze the role of this sentence or paragraph in the structure of the full text. The solution to this problem is simple: first, judge whether a sentence or paragraph is at the beginning, at the text or at the end of the text; Then answer the questions according to the following rules. Generally speaking, sentences or paragraphs have different functions in different positions in the text: at the beginning of the text, the functions are mostly to guide the whole text, always to guide the whole text or to guide the following; In the text, the role is mostly a link between the preceding and the following; At the end of the article, the function is mostly to summarize the full text.
X: What are the advantages/functions/benefits of analyzing and explaining the topic?
(1) indicates the object or content of this article.
(2) × Highlight the characteristics of the object;
⑶ Start with rhetoric. Metaphor or personification is generally used to make the image vivid.
(4) attract readers.
XI。 Give Benvenga a title according to the context.
(1) indicates the object of interpretation; (2) Explain the characteristics of the object clearly; (3) Be vivid and attract readers' interest in reading.
XII: What are the characteristics/advantages/hazards of the objects described in this article? /From which aspects does this article introduce the explanatory object in turn?
(1) The last sentence of the first paragraph always says: (2) The first sentence of each middle paragraph: (3) You may need to summarize according to the meaning of each paragraph.
XIII: Can paragraphs × to × of the article be reversed? Why?
The first type: (pay attention to the order) A: No, because paragraphs are interpreted in the order of ××, and if the order changes, it will be disrupted, which does not conform to the law of people's understanding of things. So you can't change it.
The second type: (pay attention to the care before and after) A: No, because the first paragraph is taken care of in the first paragraph to the second paragraph, and it is not taken care of after the order is changed, so it cannot be changed.
Fourteen: multiple choice questions: please choose one that is inconsistent with the original meaning or consistent with the original meaning.
Pay attention to the answer, revert to the relevant paragraphs or sentences and read them carefully, carefully find out the subtle gaps, and pay attention to some restrictive words, such as "general, individual, difficult and approximate".
Fifteen: The purpose of quoting ancient books or famous sayings
Telling stories at the beginning of an article is often to arouse readers' interest in reading or to draw out the object of explanation.
Telling a story in the middle of an article or paragraph is often to enhance the readability of the explanatory text, but also to explain the source or function of things.
Sixteen: the referential meaning of "such": refers to the most recent sentence or sentences above.
Seventeen: judge right or wrong.
Read the original question carefully, and then reply to the article to find the relevant sentences to see if there are any differences. We must pay attention to the key words in this kind of question. For example: affirmative or negative words, words indicating range (part or all), words indicating degree.
Eighteen: Read the linked materials, related paragraphs, and talk about your research results/findings, etc.
Thinking of answering questions: (1) Read the linked materials and find out the same points as the original links, namely * * * *; (2) The angles are diverse, so you should answer them in different points.
Nineteen: Connecting with life, give an example similar to this article.
Thinking of answering questions: (1) Thoroughly understand the object of explanation and its characteristics; (2) Refer to the examples cited in the article; (3) Open your mind and connect with what you see and hear.
The language style of this article is accurate/vivid. Please analyze this sentence briefly.
The accurate answer format is as follows: (1) In this sentence, the word "so-and-so" means "so-and-so", and the limited degree/quantity/scope/tone means that "so-and-so" is in line with the facts; ⑵ It reflects the accuracy of the explanation language.
The vivid answer format is: (1) a word in this sentence uses personification rhetoric/this sentence uses analogy (or quotes: many famous poems, riddles, proverbs, etc. ), vividly illustrates the characteristics of the object of ...; (2) Enhance the literariness and interest of the article/attract readers' reading interest.
Twenty-one: What do pronouns refer to?
Thinking of answering questions: (1) generally look at the front of the sentence where the pronoun is located, extract the original sentence of the original word as much as possible, or summarize it according to it. (2) After finding it, read it out in the sentence where the pronoun is located and check whether it is appropriate.