It is an important link in the transformation from "China voice" to "Wei Xiang", from reflecting turbulent social reality to expressing personal inner feelings. Liu Xie's Wen Xin Diao Long Shi Ming said that Jian 'an poets were "generous, upright and talented". The so-called "generosity" means stirring up sadness; The so-called "letting go" means that the style of writing is prosperous and vigorous. Reflecting the reality, Kang Ci is sad, which is an important feature of "Hanyin". As a man of insight who dared to face up to reality, Qizi inherited and developed this tradition. Their poems are rich in content, which strongly echoes the realistic spirit in the stage of "Hanyin" and shows deep sympathy for the people. In RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, there is a picture of refugees in exile. "Going out without seeing, the white bones cover the plain" is a high summary of the turbulent reality in the late Han Dynasty, and the scene of starving women abandoning their children is a close-up shot carefully intercepted by the author in many refugee life scenes. The suffering in troubled times is true (volume 7 of Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang) makes readers have a concrete and real feeling about the people's suffering, which is shocking. The fifth part of "Poetry of Joining the Army" specifically describes the great damage caused by the war to the country: "There is no fireworks at all, but forests and hills are seen, and the city is full of hazelnuts, for no reason." Sparsely populated, overgrown with weeds, and broken home and country, this is a true portrayal of a turbulent society. Ruan Yu's "Poems of Complaint" expresses his deep sympathy for the profound disasters brought to people by the real society. "People's livelihood by life, if floating in the river dust. Although it is called a hundred years old, who can answer it? I also have a baby disaster, and I live in constant hardship. " In the poet's view, the real society is like a river of sin that devours people's lives, while the people at the bottom of society are just a dust in the river and can't control their own destiny. Misfortune is like a chain around people's necks, which can't be broken off. This poem poured out the common feelings of people in the society at that time and revealed the grievances of millions of people at the bottom of society in Qian Qian. In addition, Chen Lin's suffering of drinking horses in the Great Wall cave to write military service and corvee, Ruan Yu's tragic experience of driving out orphans in Beiguomen, and Angelababy's homesickness of living in a different place in Bie's reflect the turbulent social reality from different aspects, all of which are full of generosity and sadness. It can be said that these touching songs of Qizi are the product of social reality at that time and the voice of the times.
Qizi has many works that reflect reality, but more works show personal inner feelings. Most of these works are full of lyrical atmosphere and sincere feelings. It is neither a eulogy nor a sermon, but a bold expression of the author's personal thoughts and feelings. It should be said that the artistic feature of moving people with emotion embodies the inherent characteristics of Wei Xiang, a new style. Previous comments have noticed this point: Chen Ruoming said that RoyceWong's seven-wound poems "put feelings first", Angelababy's other poems "naturally fall in love", Serina Liu's "Giving Five Senses to the Army Commander" (Selected Poems of Cai Jitang, Volume 7), and Shen Deqian said Xu He's "Thinking on the Room". These comments are very insightful.
Liu Xie's "Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series" said: "When you look at it, it is graceful and luxurious, good things are scattered in the world, and the wind is weak and resentful, so the outline is rich and angry." Qizi lives in an era of frequent wars, people leaving their homes and separated relatives, and expressing their feelings of parting has become one of the important themes of Qizi's poems. RoyceWong's Poems of Joining the Army (II): "Who can have no love when a husband is pregnant with relatives?" I leaned on the boat and wanted to go to Yucheng as soon as possible. " This kind of uncontrollable worry is exactly what Qizi felt at that time. Another example is Xu Wo's "Thinking in the Room", which says that "the good meeting will not last long and the center will be damaged"; Ruan Yu's Seven Wounded Poems: "Looking at my hometown from afar, I see Hao Lai"; Angelababy's Bieshi: "I miss the past, I can't tell my sadness"; ..... are all sad, sad and moving. Although this sentimental mood makes people sad, it is not depressed or depressed because of it, but often has a positive and enterprising spirit in lamentations. This is reflected in the poem of Qizi: "Although using a lead-free knife, it is difficult to lose weight" (RoyceWong's "Poetry of Joining the Army" (the fourth); "The heart is never tired, and the wings are full of purple" (Serina Liu's "My Brother's Gift" (the third); "Lv Wang doesn't want it yet, but how can he admire it?" (Kong Rong's Miscellaneous Poems, Part I); "Be a gentleman, make meritorious deeds" (Chen Lin's "Tour" II); "If you want to meet each other because of sex, you will climb the ladder" (Angelababy's Poem on Commanders with Five Senses). Full of heroic feelings of taking advantage of the situation. Of course, sometimes there will be lamentations about the bumpy experience, feelings about the passage of time, and feelings about the ambition that is difficult to pay. But whether it is the pursuit of ideals or the melancholy when frustrated, it is the author's true feelings. From these works, we can feel the deep sadness aroused by the turbulent reality in the poet's heart, and we can also see the strong desire to save the world and the people and make contributions. Paying attention to lyricism and always running through the high-spirited tone can be said to be the basic characteristics of the new style of Wei Xiang. From reflecting social reality to expressing salvation feelings and making contributions, Qizi's poems reflect the transformation from "China voice" to "Wei Xiang".
It is an important symbol of the transformation from simple and vigorous to gorgeous and beautiful. Generally speaking, Qizi songs are relatively simple, especially those Yuefu poems they created, which still have the characteristics of folk songs and popularization. But they have begun to pursue the beauty of language and form, and gradually embarked on the road of gorgeous growth. Mr. Lu Xun once said that the Seven-Poem was "nothing more than generosity and magnificence" (the relationship between Wei and Jin demeanor and articles, medicine and wine), which really grasped this new feature of the Seven-Poem.
The predecessors said that the poems of Han and Wei dynasties were chaotic and difficult to extract, which was inaccurate. In fact, Qizi has noticed the important role of tempering sentences in improving the expressive force of poetry language. Chen Ruoming once said that Gong Wo's poems are "elegant in style and good at writing sentences", Wei's long poems are "clever in language" and his poems are "strange in writing" (Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang, Volume 7). Wuqi also said Zhong Xuan's two words, "The wind has gone, but it is like rain" (Poems for Cai) and "Free from vulgarity and precipitous" (Conclusion of Selected Poems of Six Dynasties). Famous sentences, such as "Go south to the bank of Baling and look back at Chang 'an", "How can you be poor if you miss your husband like running water?" And "don't be cold, pine and cypress have sex", all of which have been carefully tempered. These sentences are not only rich in connotation, but also aesthetic, implicit and memorable. Even with words, you can see the power of tempering. The words "stand" and "overflow" of "letting a hundred flowers blossom" not only describe the luxury of flowers, but also give people a dynamic beauty. Xu Woshan's use of function words is highly praised by later generations: "In the sentence, function words are healthy, but Ren Wei can't. Empty word, who can take, metonymy, every sentence is broken. ".(Chen Ruoming's Selected Ancient Poems of Caijitang (Volume 7)) Especially Shi Si's sentence" I came from the monarch "was highly praised and imitated by later generations. Of course, the seven sons' words and sentences are natural, unlike Cao Zhi's deliberate carving. Qizi not only pays attention to the tempering of language, but also attaches great importance to the creation of artistic conception. The third part of RoyceWong's poems about joining the army is the expression of ambition. The author first describes the bleak autumn scenery he saw during his expedition to Wu: the afterglow of sunset, the whine of crickets, the soaring of solitary birds and the coldness of grass dew are organically woven together, forming a typical sad Qiu Jingtu, which effectively sets off the sad, lonely and bitter feelings of the expedition husband. Emotion and scenery are integrated to create a rich artistic atmosphere. However, this is not the author's real creative intention. The author uses this as a foil to show his strong desire to make contributions: "Why do you have to consider your own private affairs? "In other words, I have authorization and I can't violate it!" This poem is not only full of artistic conception, but also exudes high-spirited enterprising spirit. Sincere and strong feelings have a strong appeal. Besides, Chen Lin's two "Sightseeing" and Liu Zhen's "To Xu Wo" are also excellent in creating artistic conception. All these show that the Seven-Poems have the characteristics of artistic beauty to a certain extent, as Xu said: "The five words of the Han people have a kind of natural beauty, and the role of being healthy, generous and active is a trace." (Volume 4: Distinguishing Poetic Styles) Paying attention to the tempering of language and the gorgeous form can be said to be an important symbol of the new style of "Wei Xiang". The transformation of Qizi's poetry from simple and vigorous to magnificent and vigorous reflects the transition from "Chinese sound" to "Wei Xiang".
In the transition from "Hanyin" to "Wei Xiang", we can clearly see that they are different manifestations of "Jian 'an Style" in the two stages before and after. There are differences and connections between them, and they are a complete unity. The poem of the seven sons is the link between the two.
develop
The Jian 'an Character of "Three Caos" and "Seven Children of Jian 'an"
"Jian 'an" is the fifth title of Emperor Xian in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which lasted from January in the first year of Jian 'an (AD 196) to March in the twenty-fifth year of Jian 'an (AD 220). The Eastern Han regime was mainly in the hands of Cao Cao. Therefore, later generations tend to use the word "lean" more in their evaluation of Cao Cao, who relied on the emperor as a vassal.
In addition to politics and power, Cao Cao's achievements in literature were amazing, and it was radiant at that time. In particular, he and his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, as well as the seven sons of Jian 'an who admired Cao, jointly created the peak of Jian 'an literature.
In the ninth year of Jian 'an (204), after Cao Cao occupied Yecheng, he created a relatively stable political situation centered on Yecheng in northern China. Those scribes who suffered from the war went to Yecheng and defected to Cao Zhi. As a result, a huge group under Ye, headed by "Three Caos" and represented by "Seven Sons", was formed, which is now called the literary circle.
Jian 'an Literature, as the first literary group in the history of our country, took the lead in proposing a literary school with the significance of the times. These people get together, join the army in wartime, and pass by life and death every day. When he came back, he felt it, drank wine and wrote poems, or wrote about the sufferings of the expedition, or described the social chaos, or missed his hometown, and thus Jian 'an's character was formed.
What is "Jian 'an Style"? In fact, it is the generous and sad poetic style of "Three Caos" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) and "Seven Scholars in Jian 'an" (Kong Ju of Lu, Chen Zhang of Guangling, RoyceWong of Xu Gan in Beihai, Yang Delian of Germany, Serina Liu of Dongping). Because the "seven sons of Jian 'an" once lived together in Nakano, Weidu, they were also called "seven sons of Nakano". Interestingly, among the seven children, except Kong Rong and Cao Cao, all the other six have met Cao Cao.
As the main force of Jian 'an literature, they got rid of the shackles of Confucianism, and their works were more lyrical and passionate. They generally use five-character style, especially poetry, which is famous for its vigorous generosity and is often called "Jian 'an style".
Although they eat the same pot, they all express their political ambitions and social scenes in the form of poems, expressing their desire to unify the world and their pursuit of an ideal life, but their styles are different.
Cao Cao's poems are profound and impassioned, among which "A Short Song" and "Looking at the Sea" are the most well-known in the world. Cao Pi's poems are graceful and restrained, and most of them are about prodigal girls, such as Nineteen Ancient Poems and Ge Yanxing. Cao Zhi is brilliant in literary talent, gorgeous in rhetoric and good at using metaphors. Known as "a strange man in Jian 'an", his masterpiece "Luo Shenfu" is his masterpiece.
The poetry creation of the seven sons of Jian 'an is unique in personality and style. According to historical records, RoyceWong was the highest achiever among the "Seven Scholars". He is an all-rounder, proficient in poetry, fu and prose, and is known as "good at both". His works are lyrical, and his masterpiece Seven Wounded Poems is a true portrayal of the war and turmoil in the late Han Dynasty. Kong Rong is good at prose recitation, and his works are full of vigor. Serina Liu is good at poetry, and his style is desolate. Chen Lin and Ruan Ji, who are famous for their Zhang Shibiao, also made small achievements in poetry at that time. The difference in their styles is that Chen Lin is more vigorous and Ruan Ji is more natural and fluent. Xu Gan has both poetry and prose, exquisite writing style and soothing body. Lian Ying can also write poems and songs, and his works are harmonious and literary.
"When reading the next pen, it is elegant and generous, good things are scattered in the world, the wind is declining, and the ambition is deep and long, so the outline is rich." What Liu Xie said in Wen Xin Diao Long Time Series is the most appropriate description of Jian 'an's literary creation style and characteristics of the times.
Cai Wenji was a famous poetess in the Han and Wei Dynasties and an indispensable figure in Jian 'an literature. She is the daughter of Cai Yong, a famous scholar in the late Han Dynasty. She received a good education from an early age, with profound knowledge, outstanding eloquence and skillful temperament. Such a talented, naturally beautiful and passionate woman, after suffering, was captured by the Qiang and Hu armies and stayed for 12 years.
In the eighth year of Jian 'an (AD 203), Cao Cao redeemed her and remarried Dong Si, asking her to sort out more than 400 books left by Cai Yong. This is the story of "Moon Hee returned to Han", a beautiful talk that has been passed down through the ages in history.
She wrote a five-word "elegy" with 540 words. The whole poem is full of twists and turns, lyrical and moving, and it is a priceless masterpiece of Jian' an literature. Shen Deqian, a poet in the Qing Dynasty, praised him in The Source of Ancient Poems, saying that he was "passionate and sour, reading it like a shock and vibrating, and flying in the wind and sand, which was the strongest among people in the Eastern Han Dynasty." Writer and historian Guo Moruo's praise is even more generous. He praised: "This is really the most enjoyable lyric poem since Qu Yuan's Li Sao." "It is a unique call spit out with the whole soul."
Jian 'an literature, as a literary genre, has a great influence on later scholars and literature. "Jian 'an period is a glorious period in China's literary history, with numerous talents and writers, and diverse styles, which is the golden age in China's literary history", as can be seen from Qian Mu, a historian, thinker and educator's comments on the History of China Literature.
Huaxilou: a play of Shanxi merchant culture and Huizhou merchant culture
Bozhou is the birthplace of Jian 'an literature. If you think all this is based on its culture, you are wrong. There is also a flower hall, which is a model of the combination of Shanxi merchant architecture and Huizhou merchant architecture and the essence of the combination of Shanxi merchant culture and Huizhou merchant culture.
Huaxilou is not a theater, nor is it a place for singing. It is named "Flower Theater" because the brick carving, wood carving and painting of the theater are mainly local operas.
In fact, it is the former site of Shanshan Guild Hall, formerly known as Daguan Emperor Temple. Built in the 13th year of Shunzhi in Qing Dynasty (1656), the gate is a three-story archway with imitation wood. The brick wall of Shuimo is covered with brick carvings, with figures, chariots, horses, cities, mountains and rivers, flowers and animals, and all kinds of sculptures are ingenious and lifelike.
Brick carving, wood carving and iron flagpole are the three wonders of the Flower Theater. The tour guide said that the iron flagpole is 16 meters high and weighs 24,000 Jin. This is a beautiful actor and ingenious idea. The exquisite brick carving on the Daguandi Temple was carved, carved and polished by workers. * * * carved 1 15 figures, 33 birds and 67 animals. The scene is grand and beautiful.
Guo Ziyi's Birthday Map is a masterpiece in brick carving, which clearly depicts the 60th birthday of Tang Dynasty general Guo Ziyi. The birthday boy sat in the middle, with a big "longevity" engraved on the back. Surrounded by him are seven sons and eight husbands, civil and military officials, family members, and * * * 42 characters, which are the most in brick carving. These people who come to celebrate their birthdays have different identities and different expressions, and the brick carvings are vivid, which makes the viewers immersive.
In addition to this masterpiece of brick carving art in China, there are many small brick carvings carved according to folk proverbs and idioms, such as: pulling one hair to move the whole body, three yang to open Thailand, five dynasties to flourish and so on. , symbolizing good luck and a happy life.
The so-called morning bell and evening drum are well known all over the world and have existed since ancient times. Corresponding to the bell and drum tower, a traditional building in China, the bell and drum tower is a general term for bell tower and drum tower, which was mainly used to tell time in ancient times. There are two kinds of bell and drum towers, one is built in the palace, and the other is built in the city center, mostly two-story buildings. Huaxilou is no exception, with its own bell and drum tower.
The bell tower on the left is carved with the legend of Daliang City and White Snake, while the drum tower on the right is the well-known story of "three visits to the thatched cottage" and the fact that Li Niangniang lives in a cold kiln (also called civet cats for princes). After zooming in with SLR, you can deeply feel the skill and charm of ancient brick burning art and hollow carving.
Since it is commonly known as the flower theater, it is natural to have a stage. Its magic lies in that the stage is built without a nail, all made of tenons, and the paint outside is extracted from pure plants or minerals. The whole stage is engraved with Sima Yi, Meng Huo, Empty City Plan, etc. 18 Three Kingdoms operas with more than 600 words. It's hard to imagine how craftsmen at that time did it. Just hang up.
From Jian 'an literature to brick carving and wood carving, these ancient characters and skills have witnessed the historical background and cultural imprint of Bozhou, the ancient capital of the Three Dynasties. No matter what happened, it was the most appropriate experience. As teacher Yu said in "Boundless Passers-by": "History is bumpy, history is dark, history is rotating terror, history is secret luxury, history is mud in heavy rain, and history is abandoned on a cliff."