The Analects of Confucius
A collection of essays by China in the Spring and Autumn Period mainly recorded the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. Reflects the thoughts of Confucius. It was compiled by Confucius disciples and re-disciples. There are 20 books and 492 chapters in the book, which is the first "documentary". In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhu, Mencius, the University and the Doctrine of the Mean were called "Four Books".
The editors are mainly Zhong Gong, Zi You, and a few disciples who stayed in Shandong, and they are relayed and polished by the full text. Therefore, Confucianism in the Han Dynasty said: The Analects of Confucius was written in the summer.
Mencius
One of the "Four Books". In the mid-Warring States period, Mencius and his disciples Zhang Wan, Gong Sunchou and others. Mencius, Mencius' disciples and disciples' records. The earliest inscription in Zhao Qi's "Mencius" reads: "This book was also written by Mencius, so it is called Mencius". There are eleven pieces of Mencius recorded in History of Han, and there are seven pieces and fourteen volumes. The total number of words is more than 35,000 words and 286 chapters. According to legend, there are four other books of Mencius, which have been lost (this book of Mencius is a fake of Yao Shizhen in the Ming Dynasty). This book records the politics, education, philosophy, ethical thoughts and political activities of Mencius and his disciples.
"University"
"Old Theory" was originally one of "Little Dai Li Ji", and it was written. Many contemporary scholars believe that it is actually a Confucian work in Qin and Han dynasties and an important work to explore the educational theory of ancient Han nationality.
Before the Song Dynasty, the status of universities was not very prominent. After Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi tried their best to respect the Northern Song Dynasty, Zhu wrote The Great Learning in the Southern Song Dynasty. Daxue became an important chapter in Confucian classics, and was finally called the "Four Books" together with The Doctrine of the Mean, The Analects of Confucius and Mencius. After the Song and Yuan Dynasties, "University" became the official textbook of the school and the required reading of the imperial examination, which had a great influence on ancient education.
There are two main versions of Da Xue: one is Da Sentence, which is compiled by Zhu and divided into classics and biographies, and is one of the "Four Books"; First, the ancient books arranged in the original order, that is, the original "university" in the Book of Rites.
doctrine of the mean
It was originally an article in the Book of Rites. The Book of Rites is an important book of ancient Han laws and regulations. Reflections on the warring states period. The whole article takes the "golden mean" as the highest moral standard and natural law. In Song Dynasty, it was listed as the "Four Books" along with Daxue, Analects of Confucius and Mencius.
The Book of Songs
It is a collection of poems produced at the end of slave society in China more than 2,500 years ago. It is the beginning of China's ancient poetry and the earliest collection of poems. There are 305 ancient poems from 1 1 century BC to the 6th century BC, and there are 6 poems of Sheng, which reflect the social outlook of about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period.
The author of The Book of Songs was anonymous, and it was written in the Spring and Autumn Period. It was collected by Yin Jifu and edited by Confucius. At first, it was just called "Poetry" or "Poetry 300". In the Western Han Dynasty, it was regarded as a Confucian classic and called The Book of Songs.
There are three kinds of editors in The Book of Songs: style, elegance and ode. "Wind" is a ballad of Zhou Dynasty. Elegant music is the official music of Zhou people, which is divided into harmony and elegance. Ode is a musical song used for sacrificial rites in Zhou and noble ancestral temples, which is divided into ode to, and ode to Shang.
The Book of Songs is rich in content, reflecting labor and love, war and corvee, oppression and resistance, customs and marriage, ancestor worship and feasting, and even astronomical phenomena, landforms, animals and plants. It is a mirror of the social life of the Zhou Dynasty.
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