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Shan Hai Jing is an ancient book of China in the pre-Qin period. Generally speaking, it mainly describes ancient myths, geography, products, witchcraft, religion, ancient history, medicine, folk customs, nationalities and so on. Some scholars believe that Shan Hai Jing is not only a myth, but also an ancient geography, including some overseas mountains, rivers, birds and animals.
There are eighteen volumes of Shan Hai Jing, including five volumes of Shan Jing, eight volumes of Hai Jing, four volumes of Ye Jing and one volume of Family Jing, with about 365,438+0,000 words. Recorded 100 information about geography, customs, products and other countries, 550 mountains, 300 waterways, and the scenery of various countries. Most of the records in Shan Hai Jing are reconnaissance records of wizards, alchemists and temple officials in past dynasties. After a long period of biography, it will be exaggerated, but it still has high reference value.
Catalogue of Shan Hai Jing
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Mountain Sutra Volume One Nanshan Sutra Volume Two Xishan Sutra Volume Three Beishan Sutra Volume Four Dongshan Sutra Volume Five Zhongshan Sutra Volume One Overseas South Sutra Volume Two Overseas West Sutra Volume Three Overseas North Sutra Volume Four Overseas East longitude Volume Five Overseas South Sutra Volume Six Seas
Geographical scope of Shan Hai Jing
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Geographical scope of Shan Hai Jing: Nanshan starts from Zhoushan Islands in Zhejiang in the east, reaches western Hunan in the west, and reaches Nanhai in Guangdong in the south, including Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong and Hunan provinces.
Xishan passes through the Yellow River between the mountains and Shaanxi in the east, Shaanxi-Gansu Qinling in the south, Yanchi in Ningxia to Altun Mountain in Xinjiang in the north, Tengger Desert in Inner Mongolia and Helan Mountain in Ningxia in the west, Taihang Mountain in Hebei in the east and Yinshan Mountain in Inner Mongolia in the north. Dongshan Well includes present-day Shandong, northern Jiangsu and Anhui. Zhongshan Jingxi to the northwest edge of Sichuan Basin.
Shan Hai Jing has a lot of value.
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The role of history, folklore, science, etc.
Perhaps the most important value of Shan Hai Jing is that it preserves a large number of myths and legends, which are familiar to us, such as Kuafu's daily life, jingwei's land reclamation, the nine-day war, and the flood control by Yu, and many others are unfamiliar to people. For example, in overseas classics, there is such a passage: "Minister Gong * * * called Xiang Liu to eat nine poems. When Liu arrived, he was named Zexi. To kill Xiang Liu is bloody and can't grow grains. Yu Jue, three years old and three years old, thought it was the emperor's platform. North of Kunlun and east of Li Rou. Xiang Liu, nine faces, snake body and green. Dare not shoot north, afraid of the stage of * * *. Taiwan Province is in its east. On all sides of the platform, there is a snake in the corner, tiger color, facing south. " The legend of phase liu's murder by Yu is full of magical colors, which can be studied from the perspective of literature or myth, from which we can also see the relationship among workers, phase liu and tribes, thus showing the struggle between ancient ethnic tribes. These myths and legends in Shan Hai Jing are precious materials for us to study primitive religions today. For example, Wuxian is in the north of the ugly girl, with a green snake in his right hand and a red snake in his left. In Deng Baoshan, witches' houses go from top to bottom. (Overseas Xijing) There is Lingshan, where Wu Xian, Wu Ji, Wu Pan, Wu Peng, Gu Wu, Zhen Wu, Wu Li, Wu Di, Wu Xie and Wu Luo all rise and fall, and all kinds of medicinal materials are here. (Wild West Classic)
In the myth of Shan Hai Jing, we can not only see the activities of wizards, but also see the beliefs and worship of ancient peoples. There are many records of magical animals in Shan Hai Jing, mainly birds, beasts, dragons, snakes, etc. They often have magical powers. These animals are probably the totem worship of the ancients. Such as the words in the overseas western classics quoted above. "Wu Xianguo is in Ugly North, with a green snake in his right hand and a red snake in his left." The snake may be the totem of Wuxian. Shan Hai Jing is an indispensable reference material for the study of ancient religious beliefs in China.
The myths and legends in Shan Hai Jing are not only myths and legends, but also history to some extent. Although their authenticity is greatly reduced because of their strong mythical color, they have left a shadow of history after all. Comparing several similar materials, we can sometimes see the true face of history. For example, we can see a cruel war between ancient tribes from the above-mentioned records of the Yellow Emperor's war against Chiyou in the Northern Wilderness Classic, excluding its mythical color. Another example is the genealogy of the Yellow Emperor recorded in Wild West Classic and Hainei Classic: Lei Zu, the wife of the Yellow Emperor, was born with Chang Yi. Changyi fell into the water, which gave birth to the Korean Wave. The Korean Wave bowed to its knees, respected its ears, its face, its beak, its body, its canals and its dolphins, and gave birth to Emperor Zhuan Xu with his brain. Zhuan Xu gave birth to old boys and old boys gave birth to Li. The emperor ordered Li Qiong (India) to return to heaven. The atmosphere is congested, and it is in the west pole, which enables it to travel around the sun, the moon and the stars. (Wild West Sutra) This pedigree is legendary and has the nature of a divine spectrum, but it is basically the same as Dadaixi Dipian, Historical Records of the Five Emperors and Huangfu Mi Imperial Century.
At the same time, Shan Hai Jing is a history of science and technology, which not only records the creative inventions and scientific practice activities of ancient scientists, but also reflects the scientific thinking at that time and the scientific and technological level that has been reached. For example, regarding agricultural production, Wild Sea Neijing records that "Hou Ji began to broadcast a hundred species" and "Uncle began to broadcast in Niu Geng". "Ye Bei Jing" contains: "Uncle is the ancestor of heaven." Regarding handicrafts, Wild Sea Classic says: "Righteousness is the beginning of cleverness and the beginning of people's ingenuity." Regarding astronomy and calendars, Wild Sea Classic said, "Choke twelve years old." "Wild West Sutra" says: "The emperor ordered Li Qiong to descend to earth again. The earth is the second place where you were born in the west pole, and you can walk the sun, the moon and the stars. " There are countless such records. The records of some natural phenomena are particularly precious and can't be seen in other books. For example, overseas classics say, "The God of Zhongshan is called Yin Candle. See it as day and night; Blow the horn of winter and call for the arrival of summer; Without drinking or eating, rest is the wind. It is thousands of miles long. There is no {starting next month} in the east. It's a thing, a snake with a human face, red, and lives at the foot of Zhongshan Mountain. "
Now many scholars believe that Shan Hai Jing records the polar phenomenon that half a year is day and half a year is night in the Arctic, but the ancients can't explain this phenomenon, so they use myths to explain it. This kind of record is undoubtedly valuable scientific information. There are many similar examples. For example, "Wild East longitude" says: "There is a tree on the Tang Valley, and it will be in Ukraine every day." Another example is "Overseas East longitude", saying: "There is a hibiscus on the Tang Valley, which bathes for 10 days and lives in the water to the north of Blackpool. There is a big tree, No.9 lives in the lower branch, and No.0/kloc lives in the upper branch. "Some people think that the former records sunspot activities and polar phenomena in the Arctic, while the latter records holiday phenomena near the polar regions. In addition, from Shan Hai Jing, we can also see the ancient people's exploration of the earth. "Overseas East longitude" reads: "The emperor ordered Shu Hai to go from the East Pole to the West Pole, with a total of 9,800 steps in 500 million steps. Shu Hai counted his right hand and his left hand pointed to Qingqiu North. " "Zhongshan Jing" said: "The matter of heaven and earth is 28,000 Li. Twenty-six thousand miles north and south. " These records and figures may not be true, but they reflect the exploration activities of ancient people in China. In a word, The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a book full of magical colors, with all-encompassing contents and rich precious materials in geography, mythology, folklore, history of science, medicine and other disciplines. After careful study and in-depth discussion, there will be no worries about new discoveries.