Armor piercing range 1, accuracy range 2, damage range 3. I think this meaning is easy to understand, so I won't explain it. Generally speaking, 3 is close to 2/3 of the full power range (that is, the maximum range), 2 is basically about half (not necessarily in all cases), 1 is below 1/3, such as English longbow. But the battle of Lacey didn't even start until 80 meters, but in fact his maximum damage distance to unprotected targets was 230 meters, which was the result of western experiments. Of course, these are just an empirical value I got from various data collected in the past, which is not authoritative and may not be correct. Then according to this data, even if calculated according to the damage range, Fuyuan's maximum range is above 675 meters. According to the data of the Han dynasty, this level is not for individual soldiers, but for heavy crossbows. The fracture tension is about 5 10 meter, which is more reliable than the 6 and 8 stones in Han Dynasty. However, the angle bow and single bow at the back (I remember that I have only seen two single bows, so I'm not sure, I'll look at them later) should be more than 300 meters. Although I don't know what the winding method is, it is compared with the four bows in the Han Dynasty.
First of all, there are seven kinds of crossbows, which are divided arm crossbows, angular crossbows, wooden crossbows, wooden crossbows, bamboo crossbows (), bamboo crossbows () and recovery crossbows. Among them, only the angle crossbow and the arm crossbow are light crossbows, and the rest are heavy crossbows.
The wooden crossbow 12 feet long (! ! ! I don't know what the Tang degree is. It is 4 meters long according to 33 centimeters. This is definitely not a single crossbow, and the following description also shows that it is a bed crossbow, and Fuyuan level is still on it), "The crossbow is fixed on the car, connected with the axle car with an iron hook rope, and the axle car rotates, and the crossbow is full of strings", "The winch opens, and the big arrow hits, and the sound is like thunder".
At the same time, Lamin, the problems recorded in China's ancient books, in these materials, I also saw some strange records, such as a crossbow, which did not write any of the seven kinds, put the crossbow of 12 stone on the winch, "one arrow hit seven arrows", reaching 700 steps, "all the city walls were destroyed"
Let's see:
Crossbow force: 12 stone (360 kg made in China, I don't know how many Tang)
Number of arrows: 7
Range: 1050m (calculated by 1.5)
Strength: All the barriers have been destroyed.
It is clearly stated in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty that "the crossbow that can recover can stretch itself" is obviously a single-soldier crossbow, and the four crossbows listed in this paragraph are all single-soldier crossbows. Look at the range, Fuyuan crossbow 300 steps, Zhang crossbow 230 steps, Angle crossbow 200 steps, single crossbow 160 steps. Are within the range of individual crossbows. Followed by the 340 steps of the arm bow in the Song Dynasty (240 steps) and the 360 steps of defeating the enemy crossbow (there is no doubt about this), all of which are above them and are also famous individual crossbows. (Of course, this is related to weights and measures, which will be discussed later. )
History of Chinese weights and measures. One step in Tang and Song Dynasties is recognized as a fixed length in academic circles-1. 536 meters, accurate to three decimal places.
The crossbow with the longest range in the Song Dynasty is 1000 steps (this is certain), which should be 850 kilograms (this is heard), and it is a bed crossbow.
There is also the performance of crossbows. Of course, this is my personal understanding. I found that many of us especially like to talk about range when discussing this issue, but in fact, power and range are only one aspect of crossbow performance, as well as accuracy and density. But this is a contradiction, the density is related to the firing rate, but the speed of a powerful and long-range crossbow cannot be fast. What's more, the range is not long, and the effective accuracy is infinite. For example, modern automatic rifles are far superior to crossbows in accuracy and muzzle velocity, and their maximum range exceeds 1 1,500 m. The accurate visual aiming distance only needs 200m, and if it exceeds 400m, the optical sight must be used, otherwise the accuracy cannot be guaranteed. As you said, the precision range of individual soldiers is 450m, but you can imagine, as Laming said, the length of individual soldiers' strong crossbow in Song Dynasty has reached 65,438. A soldier has just finished nursing the crossbow (assuming he can do it), and his hands are still shaking slightly. What's the weight of a crossbow with a length of 1.5 meters and can bear hundreds of kilograms of crossbow force? At least not less than 10 kg, and in this case, it is necessary to hit the humanoid target 450 meters away-there is no optical sight, and the humanoid target 400 meters away is not very clear. Do you think it's possible? Moreover, the crossbow of 1.5 meters is three times as wide as someone's shoulder. How difficult is this grip? How does a soldier carry it and keep mobile on the battlefield? Therefore, it is used to defend the city, and it is also acceptable, because it does not require high mobility, so it can roughly shoot at the target below the city. Anyway, it's ok, but you said it was used in the field. Will it be difficult to play a role?
As for density, in fact, in a frenzied battle, it is in the role of suppressing the opponent, and density and accuracy are important index parameters, that is to say, the amount applied to the opponent per unit time is very important, and as you said, the crossbow cannot bend and shoot at the same time to achieve the saturation effect like a bow, so it must be shot in turn. In order to ensure these two points, commanders often have to enter a very close distance to order shooting, that is, in the Song Dynasty, which is famous for its crossbows. It is clearly stipulated in the general outline of martial arts that crossbows are used for 100 steps and bows are used for 60 steps when going into battle. It can be seen that even if there is a crossbow that can reach 1 1,500 m, it will be released only when it is very close in actual combat, and in this case, in order to ensure the speed, it will not be a strong crossbow that takes half a day to shoot 1 round (anyway, the distance is very close), but it is those speeds that really play a major role in the army.