Confucius (September 28th BC1year-BC 1 1 year April) was born in Song State (now Xiayi County, Shangqiu City, Henan Province) and Lu State (now Qufu City, Shandong Province) in the Spring and Autumn Period. China is a famous great thinker, educator and politician. Confucius initiated the atmosphere of private lectures and was the founder of Confucian school.
Educated by Laozi, Confucius led some disciples around the world for fourteen years. In his later years, he studied six classics: Poetry, Shu, Li, Yue, Yi and Chunqiu. According to legend, he has 3,000 disciples, including 72 sages. After the death of Confucius, his disciples and their re-disciples recorded the words and deeds, quotations and thoughts of Confucius and his disciples, and compiled the Confucian classic The Analects.
In ancient times, Confucius was regarded as a "saint of heaven" and a "muduo of heaven". He was one of the most knowledgeable scholars in the society at that time, and was honored by the rulers of later generations as the saint, the most holy and the most holy teacher of Confucius, the master of Wang Xuan and the teacher of all ages. His Confucianism has a far-reaching influence on China and the world, and Confucius is listed as the first of the "Top Ten Cultural Celebrities in the World". Confucius is regarded as the ancestor of Confucianism (non-Confucianism). With the expansion of Confucius' influence, Confucius' sacrifice once became a "great sacrifice" at the same level as the ancestor of God and country.
Mencius (about 372 BC-about 289 BC) was born in Zou (now Zoucheng City, Shandong Province).
He is a disciple of Kong Ji, the grandson of Confucius. According to legend, he is a descendant of Qingfu, the son of the noble Lu. His father's name is Ji and his mother's name is M Mǎng.
Mencius was a great thinker and politician in the Warring States period, and a representative of the Confucian school. Also known as "Confucius and Mencius" with Confucius.
Politically, Mencius advocated that law precedes king and benevolent government; Theoretically, he admired Confucius and opposed Yang Zhu and Mo Zhai. He advocated benevolent government, put forward the people-oriented thought of "valuing the people but neglecting the monarch", and traveled to Qi, Song, Teng, Wei, Lu and other countries, following the example of Confucius to carry out his own political views, which lasted for more than 20 years. However, Mencius' theory of benevolent governance is considered to be "circuitous and broader than things" and has not been implemented. Finally, he retired to give lectures, and together with his students, he "wrote a book with preface poems, described the meaning of Zhong Ni (namely Confucius), and wrote seven pieces of Mencius".
Mencius "nurtures my noble spirit". Those who are upright and upright are called gentlemen. It is wrong to call qigong in this world. Those who are upright and upright are rich because of virtue, and empty without virtue. In ancient times, qi was invisible, so it was called qi.
Later generations admired Mencius as a "sub-saint" and respected him as a "sub-saint". He was sacrificed by Confucianism. His disciples and re-disciples recorded Mencius' words and deeds into a book, Mencius, which is a collection of recorded essays and Mencius' speeches, compiled by Mencius and his disciple Zhang Wan.
Qin Shihuang (259 BC-265438 BC+00 BC) won the surname Zhao. Son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang. Born in Handan, the capital of Zhao, he succeeded to the throne at the age of thirteen, proclaimed himself emperor at the age of thirty-nine, and reigned for thirty-seven years. China is a famous politician, strategist and reformer in history, and also the first iron-fisted politician to complete the reunification of China. The establishment of the first multi-ethnic centralized state, with the title of "Emperor" of Huang San and "Emperor" of five emperors, was the first feudal dynasty monarch at all times and in all countries.
Qin Shihuang established the emperor system in the central government, implemented three officials and nine ministers, and managed state affairs. The enfeoffment system was abolished at the local level and replaced by the county system. At the same time, books are written in the same language and cars are on the same track. Unified measurement. Attacking Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall of Wan Li, building Lingqu and connecting the water system. It also pushed China into the era of great unification and created a new situation for the establishment of authoritarian centralization. It has had a far-reaching impact on China and world history, and laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than two thousand years. Li Zhi, a thinker in the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "an emperor through the ages".
Zhuge Liang (181-23410-8), a native of Yang Du, Xuzhou (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), was an outstanding politician, strategist, essayist and calligrapher during the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Hou of Wuxiang. After his death, he pursued loyalty to the marquis of Wuxiang. Because of its military ability, the Eastern Jin regime was posthumously named King Wu Xing. Representative prose works include An Example and A Book of Commandments. He once invented the wooden ox, the flying horse, the Kongming lantern and so on, and transformed the crossbow, called Zhuge Lian crossbow, which can hit all targets with one crossbow. In the twelfth year (234), Yu Jianxing died in Wuzhangyuan (now Qishan, Baoji).
Liu Chan regarded him as a loyal minister, so later generations often referred to Zhuge Liang as a loyal minister and Zhuge Wuhou. Zhuge Liang is the representative of loyal ministers and wise men in China traditional culture. He devoted himself to his life and died.