Lu Xun (1881-1936) is a great writer and translator in modern China and the founder of the new literature movement. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren, a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, and was born in a dilapidated feudal family. Young people are influenced by evolution.
1902 went to Japan to study medicine and then engaged in literary and artistic work in an attempt to change the national spirit.
1909 returned to China and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing successively. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University.
19 18 In May, Diary of a Madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was first published under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which violently exposed and criticized the cannibalism system and laid the cornerstone of the new literature movement. Before and after the May 4th Movement, he took part in the work of New Youth magazine, stood at the forefront of the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal new culture movement, and became a great standard bearer of the May 4th New Culture Movement.
During the period of 19 18- 1926, he successively created and published albums such as Scream, Grave, Hot Wind, Wandering, Weeds, Morning Flowers, Flower Cover Collection and Flower Cover Collection Continuation. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q, published in19212, is one of the outstanding works in the history of modern literature in China.
1In August, 926, he was wanted by the reactionary authorities for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students and went to teach at Xiamen University in the south.
1927 1 went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and taught at Sun Yat-sen University. After the "412" incident, he angrily resigned from all his posts in Sun Yat-sen University. In the meantime, I witnessed that there were also non-revolutionaries and counter-revolutionaries among the youth, who were deeply influenced and completely gave up the fantasy of evolution.
1927 10 arrived in Shanghai.
Since 1930, Lu Xun has successively participated in progressive organizations such as China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League, China Civil Rights Protection League, etc. Regardless of the persecution of the Kuomintang government, he actively participated in the revolutionary literary movement.
1936 After the dissolution of the "Left League" at the beginning of the year, he actively participated in the anti-Japanese national United front in the literary and art circles.
1927- 1936 created most of the works and a large number of essays in New Stories, which were collected in Gang Ji, San Xian Ji, Er Xin Ji, Southern Dialect and General Mobilization of the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-wind and Moon Talk, Lace Literature, etc. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings. He led and supported the progressive literary groups such as the "Unnamed Society" and "Chaohua Society". Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National Newspaper Supplement, Mangyuan, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; He collected, studied and sorted out a large number of classical documents, critically inherited the ancient cultural heritage of the motherland, and compiled A Brief History of Chinese Novels, An Outline of the History of China Literature, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties and Notes on Old Events.
193610 June19 died in Shanghai.
Introduction to screaming
I had many dreams when I was young, but I forgot most of them later, but I don't think it's a pity myself.
The so-called memories can make people happy, but sometimes they can't help being lonely, so that the silk thread of spirit still leads them away.
What's the point of my lonely time? I just can't forget it all. This is part of it.
It has become the source of "screaming" so far.
I have been in and out of quality shops and pharmacies almost every day for more than four years, but I forgot my age.
However, in short, the counter of the pharmacy is as high as mine, and the quality store is twice as high as mine. I walked past the counter that was twice as high.
Send clothes or jewelry outside, pick up money from insults, and then go to the same high counter to buy it for my father who has been ill for a long time
Medicine. After returning to China, I have to be busy with other things, because the prescription doctor is the most famous, so the medicine used is also quoted.
Strange: reed roots in winter, sugar cane frosted for three years, yes crickets, flat wood with seeds, ... basically not.
Something easy to do. However, my father finally died day by day.
Has anyone fallen into poverty from Xiaokang family? I thought on this road, I could probably see the truth of the world.
Face; I want to go to K school, as if I want to take a different road, escape from different places and seek different people. I
My mother had no law, so she set up eight yuan of Sichuan capital, saying that I helped; However, it is understandable to cry easily.
Things, because at that time, it was the right way to study and take exams. The so-called westernization was considered by society as a desperate person.
I want to sell my soul to the devil, which is doubly absurd and exclusive, and I can't see my son.
But I didn't care about it either, and finally I went to N and K school. In this school, I realized that there were others.
The so-called philosophy, mathematics, geography, history, painting, gymnastics. Physiology is not taught, but we see some woodcuts.
"New Holism" and "Chemical Hygiene". I still remember the doctor's opinions and prescriptions before, and
Compared with what we know now, we gradually realize that Chinese medicine is just a liar, intentionally or unintentionally.
At that time, he was very sympathetic to the deceived patient and his family; And from the translated history, I know the date.
This reform is a fact, most of which originated from western medicine.
Because of these childish knowledge, my school status was later listed in a rural medical college in Japan.
Yes My dream is very happy. I'm going to come back after graduation to treat the pain of patients who were missed like my father. During the war,
Waiting to become a military doctor, on the one hand, promoted the reform belief of China people. I don't know how to teach microbiology
Method, what's the progress now? In short, movies were used to express the morphology of microorganisms at that time, because
Sometimes when the lecture is over and the time is not up, the teacher will show the students some pictures of scenery or current events.
In order to take advantage of this extra time. At that time, the Russo-Japanese War was going on, and the pictures about the war were naturally better than those of the Japanese.
Much better. In this lecture hall, I will always applaud and cheer with my classmates. Once,
I suddenly met many China people I haven't seen for a long time in the photo. One was tied in the middle, many were standing around, and one was
Sample is a strong body, and showed numbness. According to the explanation, this is related to a Russian military investigation.
Detective, he is about to be beheaded by the Japanese army and is surrounded by people who come to enjoy this grand display.
I have arrived in Tokyo before the end of this school year, because since then, I don't think medicine is
Unless it is urgent, all stupid and weak citizens can only do nothing, no matter how healthy and strong they are.
There is no need to think that it is unfortunate that Yicai and spectators are dead or dead. So our first task is
What changed their spirit, and was good at changing their spirit, was that I thought it was natural to advocate literature and art at that time, so I wanted to advocate literature.
Art is moving. Many foreign students in Tokyo study law, politics, physics and chemistry and even the police industry, but no one cares about literary beauty.
Operation; But in the cold air, fortunately, I found some comrades. In addition, I invited some necessary people.
After discussion, the first step was, of course, to publish a magazine called New Life, because we were older then.
It has some retro tendencies, so it is only called "new life".
The publication date of New Life is approaching, but at first, some writers were hidden, and then they fled.
After losing their capital, only three people went bankrupt. At the beginning, it was self-defeating. Of course, when it fails, there is no report.
Language, but later even these three people were driven by their own destiny and could not talk about their beautiful dreams in the future in one place.
This is the end of the "new life" that we didn't have.
I am tired of my inexperience and have been so ever since. I don't know why; And I thought,
Anyone whose idea is affirmed and praised will push him forward, and those who oppose him will push him to struggle, and he will only shout.
Between strangers, and strangers have no reaction, neither agree nor object, such as being in a boundless wasteland, can do nothing.
How sad it is to be caught off guard, so I feel lonely with my feelings.
This loneliness grows up day by day, like a poisonous snake, haunting my soul.
However, although I have my own unreasonable sadness, I am not angry, because this experience has made me reflect and see myself clearly.
In other words, I am by no means a hero who gathers all responders.
Only my own loneliness is inevitable, because it is too painful for me. So I used various methods,
To anesthetize my soul, let me sink into the people, let me go back to ancient times, and then I witnessed or watched it several times.
More lonely and sad things, I don't want to pursue, I am willing to use my brain to make them disappear in the soil.
Yes, but my anesthesia seems to have worked, and there is no more passionate meaning in my youth.
There are three rooms in hall S. Legend has it that a woman was hanged from a locust tree in the yard in the past. now
The locust tree is unattainable, and the house is uninhabited; For many years, I have lived in this room to record ancient ruins. visitor
Few people came, and there were no problems and teachings in the ancient monument, but my life was secretly eliminated.
This is my only wish. On summer nights, there are many mosquitoes, so I sit under the locust tree with a cattail leaf fan and look through the dense leaves.
That little blue sky, late locust silkworms often fall on their heads and necks and get cold.
At that time, I occasionally came to talk to an old friend, Jin Xinyi (5). He put his big wallet on the broken table and took off his long wallet.
Shirt, sitting opposite, because I am afraid of dogs, it seems that my heart is still pounding.
"What's the use of your money?" One night, he flipped through my ancient tablet notes and did a research topic.
Yes
"It's no use."
"So, what do you mean by asking him to pay the bill?"
"It doesn't mean anything."
"I think you can do some articles ..."
I know what he means. They were running New Youth, but nobody seemed to agree at that time.
No one has objected yet. I thought they might feel lonely, but they said:
"If an iron room has absolutely no windows, it is extremely difficult to break, and there are many people sleeping in it, and soon.
I'm suffocating, but I'm going from lethargy to death. I can't feel the sadness of death. Now you're yelling.
You are right to think that a few sober people have caused this unfortunate minority to suffer irreparable dying pain.
Can you afford it? "
"However, since several people have come up, you can't say that there is no hope of destroying this iron house."
Yes, although I have my own beliefs, when it comes to hope, I can't deny it, because hope is there.
In the future, I must not convince him of the so-called solvability with my indispensable proof, so I finally promised him.
Make an issue of it. This is the original diary of a madman. From then on, it was sudden and unacceptable. Every time I wrote something,
Fiction articles, entrusted by perfunctory friends, have accumulated over time, with more than ten articles.
In my opinion, I don't think I am a eager person now, but maybe I am still.
I can't forget my loneliness and sadness that day, so sometimes I can't help but shout for comfort.
The warrior who runs in loneliness makes him fearless of his predecessors. As for whether my cry is brave or sad, disgusting or not.
Ridiculous, that's too care about; But since I am crying, I have to listen to my will, so I tend to be unsympathetic.
I put a wreath at the grave of Yuer in medicine with a curved pen, and I didn't mention Shan Sisao tomorrow.
The son didn't see his son's dream because the Lord didn't advocate negation at that time. As for myself, it's not.
I don't want to spread what I think is bitter loneliness to those young people who are dreaming like I was young.
So I can imagine the distance between my novel and art, but I can still get it today.
In the name of novels, there is even a chance to collect them. Anyway, it is a fluke, but
Although luck makes me uneasy, I am glad that there are readers in the world for the time being.
So I actually put my short stories together and published them for the above reasons, and then
Call it "screaming".
19221February 3rd, written by Lu Xun in Beijing.
Precautions:
(1) N refers to Nanjing, and K refers to Jiangnan Naval Academy. The author studied at Nanjing Jiangnan Naval Academy from 65438 to 0898.
In the second year, he was transferred to the Mining and Metallurgy School affiliated to Jiangnan Lushi School, and was sent to Japan by the Qing government after graduation in 1902.
Studying abroad, I entered Sendai Medical College from 1904, stopped studying medicine from 1906, and went back to Tokyo to prepare for the cultural transportation.
See the notes in "Morning Flowers Picking Late" and Mr. Fujino.
For the author's views on Chinese medicine, please refer to his father's illness in Morning Flowers and Evening Picking.
③S Hall refers to Shaoxing County Hall, which is outside Xuanwu Gate in Beijing. From May of 19 12 to May of 19 19, the author lived in.
In this hall.
(4) When Lu Xun lived in Shaoxing County Pavilion, he often got together in Gong Yu to study China (he worked in the Ministry of Education at that time).
Stone rubbings, such as statues and epitaphs, were later compiled into the Catalogue of Statues in the Six Dynasties and the Catalogue of Epitaphs in the Six Dynasties.
The latter is not over yet. During his stay in the county library, he was also engaged in the compilation and arrangement of China ancient literature books.
These two books are Xie Cheng's History of the Later Han Dynasty and Ji.
⑤ Jin Xinyi refers to Qian, one of the editors of New Youth at that time. New Youth advocates the Cultural Revolution.
Shortly after his death, Lin Shu wrote a notebook novel, Quiet Life, denouncing the advocates of the Cultural Revolution, including
"Gold" is an allusion to money.