Confucius was born in twenty years (in the twenty-second year of Duke Xiang of Lu, 2 146 and 55 1 BC) and was born in Shandong. The ancestors of Confucius can be traced back to the royal family in Song Dynasty and the royal family in Yin Dynasty. The ancestor of the sixth generation is Kong, a doctor in the Song Dynasty, who worked as a fu and was killed in the civil strife in the imperial court. His son Mu fled to Shandong to avoid genocide. After that, Kong settled down and became a native of Lu.
Confucius' father, Shu, lived in Changping Township, Shandong Province (now southeast of Qufu City, Shandong Province) and was a doctor. Historical Records Confucius Family says: "Confucius was born when Ge met Yan's daughter". In the explanation of Confucius' Family Language and Original Name, it is recorded that Shu's family added nine daughters to Kong Ge in succession. Brother Kong was eager to have children, so he continued to marry. Although he gave birth to a son named Meng Pi, his foot is disabled. So Kong Ge married Yan Zhizai at the age of 72, with the age of 18, and gave birth to Confucius and Zhong Ni. In order to get a son, his father prayed in Niqiu Mountain and expressed his desire for his son. Later, he got a strong son. Therefore, he was named Qiu, which means the second child. The big platoon acts as the second child and is still the boss, which means that Confucius is the eldest son of his biological mother.
Confucius was born with his head on the Ding Wei. When he grew up, he was nine feet six inches long, so he was called a "long man". Sima Qian said in Historical Records of Confucius' Family that Confucius was born with his head above the Wei River, hence the name Qiu Yun. Word, surname hole ". In other words, Confucius' name of "Qiu" came from this. Sima Zhen of the Tang Dynasty believed that "it is unreasonable to speak. Tintin. Ding Wei's words stand at the top, so Confucius stands at the top like an anti-universe. Those who oppose the universe, if the house opposes it, are low in the middle and high on all sides. There is a depression in the middle of Confucius' head. Chen Li of the Qing Dynasty believed this statement, "It was the first image of Confucius, which was high in all directions, middle and lower, hence the name Qiu Yan. Historian Qian Mu also said this in the Biography of Confucius.
In his early years, Confucius lived a very hard life. He said: "I am cheap because I am few, so I can despise." When Confucius was three years old, Shu died and was buried in Fangshan in the east of Lu. Confucius didn't tell him where the tomb was. Yan moved to Qufu Queli and brought him up. As a game, young Confucius used it to decorate sacrificial vessels (cowpeas) and practice ceremonies. When Confucius/Kloc-was 0/9 years old, he worked as a clerk, envoy and field official under the nobles of Lu, managing warehousing and animal husbandry. He married an official of the Song Dynasty and had a child the next year. Duke Zhao of Lu sent someone to congratulate him on a carp, and his son was named Bo Yu. Before Kong Li died of Confucius, there was a posthumous son Kong Ji. At the age of 23, Confucius began to give lectures in rural areas, with students including Yan Hui's fathers Yan You, Ceng Dian and Ran Geng.
Around the age of thirty, some of the first disciples came to Confucius. Since then, Confucius has been engaged in education and recruited disciples. According to legend, there are three thousand disciples and seventy-two sages. He first advocated teaching students in accordance with their aptitude, and became a pioneer and representative of the academic downward movement and private school lectures at that time, so later generations respectfully called him "a model for all generations" and "a teacher of holiness".
Shi Qi
When Lu was thirty-five years old, he was defeated by his uncle and doctor Shi, who was in power in Lu at that time, and fled to Qi State. Confucius left Lu for Qi State. Confucius once talked with Master Qi about music and heard the beauty of Shao Xi's music, but he didn't know the taste of meat in March. Qi Jinggong asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Jun Jun, minister, father and son." Qi Jinggong said, "Good! Faith is like a monarch without a monarch, a minister without a minister, a father without a father and a son without a son. Although there is millet, I want to eat everything. Another day, I asked Confucius about politics, and Confucius said, "Politics means saving money." He wanted to name Confucius Ni Xitian, but Yan Ying and Qi dissuaded him. Later, I learned that the doctors in Qi wanted to harm Confucius, but there was no way, so Confucius returned to Lu and called his disciples to give lectures.
Lu Guo, a beginner
After nine years in Lu, Confucius, who was 5 1 year old, was exiled to Lu. It was originally Zhongduzai (Zhongdu is now Wenshang County, Shandong Province). A year later, he became an ordinary man, and later he became a big shepherd. In the tenth year of Lu, Lu and Jia Gu met, and Confucius "armed with literature" won a diplomatic victory, which enabled Qi to return Wenyang and other places that occupied Lu.
Travel around the world
After leaving Lu, Confucius led his disciples all over the world, visiting Wei, Cao, Song, Zheng, Chen, Cai, Ye, Chu and other places, but they were not reused. In the meantime, in Kuang, Song, Pu and other places, Confucius and his party were trapped in distress many times.
After Confucius arrived in Song State, he practiced etiquette with his disciples under the big tree. Song Sima Huan wanted to kill Confucius and uproot the tree. Disciple intends to leave as soon as possible. Confucius said, "Being born with virtue is better than Ofuse. Why?" ? 」
Lost in Zheng
When Confucius was in the state of Zheng, he was separated from his disciples, and Confucius stood alone at the east gate of Guo. Someone told Zigong that someone at the East Gate looked like a lost dog. The disciples finally found Confucius and told him about it. Confucius smiled happily and said, "Form is the last thing. It's like a lost dog, but it is! However! 」
Trapped Cai Chen
Wu attacked Chen, Chu saved Chen, and King Zhao of Chu sent someone to hire Confucius, and Confucius set out immediately. Dr. Chen and Dr. Cai were afraid that Confucius would be used by Chu, so they besieged Confucius in the field of Chen Cai. Confucius and others were not allowed to go and eat for seven days, and many disciples fell ill. There are many unhappy disciples, but Confucius still chatters. Later, Zigong was sent to Chu, and King Zhao of Chu mobilized to welcome Confucius.
old age
In 484, Confucius, who was nearly seventy years old, was sent by Ji Kangzi to welcome him back to Lu as a monarch, but he was not appointed. During this period, Confucius paid attention to education and collation of ancient books. Kong Li, Yan Hui and Luz all left before him. Confucius realized something: "The people who followed me to Cai Chen before were not as good as others. と In 479, Confucius died at the age of 73 and was buried on the bank of Surabaya in the north of Qufu. Disciples mourned for him for 3 years, and Zi Gong kept the tomb for Confucius for 6 years.
Confucius said, "I am determined to learn five out of ten, stand at thirty, be puzzled at forty, know my destiny at fifty, listen at sixty, and act at seventy without overstepping the bounds." 」