Explain the tissue structure of the human body
When explaining the organizational structure of the human body, Yin-Yang theory holds that the human body is an organic whole of unity of opposites, and all its organizational structures are interrelated and closely coordinated, and can be divided into two parts, Yin and Yang, which are opposite to each other, and are analyzed in detail by the relationship between Yin and Yang. Just as Su Wenbao's Theory of Quan Ming Xing said: "Life is tangible and cannot be separated from Yin and Yang."
1. Yin and Yang attributes of position and structure: As far as the position and organizational structure of human body are concerned, the exterior is Yang and the interior is Yin; The back is yang and the abdomen is yin; The head is yang and the feet are yin; The body surface is yang and the internal organs are yin. The skin on the body surface is yang, and the bones and muscles are yin; Among the zang-fu organs, the six zang-fu organs are yang and the five internal organs are yin; Among the five internal organs, the heart and liver are yang, while the lungs, spleen and kidney are yin. Specific to each viscera, there are yin and yang, such as the heart has yang and the heart has yin; Kidney has kidney yang and kidney yin; Stomach has stomach yang and stomach yin. The division of these yin and yang attributes is mainly determined by the position and physiological function characteristics of zang-fu organs.
2. Yin and Yang properties of qi, blood and body fluid: Qi, blood and body fluid are the basic substances that constitute the human body and maintain human life activities. As far as qi and blood are concerned, qi is yang and blood is yin; Among qi, defensive qi is yang and nourishing qi is yin. These divisions are based on the fact that Qi is an intangible substance with physiological functions of promoting and warming. Blood is a tangible liquid substance with nourishing and moistening physiological functions. As for body fluid, it is clear and thin, so it belongs to yang; The liquid is thick and turbid, belonging to yin. Also depends on its nature.
3. Yin and Yang properties of meridian circulation: As far as the parts of meridian system are concerned, those circulating on the outside and back of human limbs belong to Yang (such as three Yang meridians of hands and feet), those circulating on the inside of human limbs and abdomen belong to Yin (such as three Yin meridians of hands and feet), and only the stomach meridian of Foot Yangming circulates in the abdomen.
4. Relativity of yin and yang properties of tissue structure: The yin and yang properties of various parts of human body, various tissue structures and viscera are not absolute, but relative, and they often change according to certain conditions. If the relationship between chest and back is concerned, the back belongs to yang and the chest belongs to yin; As far as the relationship between chest and abdomen is concerned, the chest belongs to yang and the abdomen belongs to yin. Similarly, if the five internal organs are divided into yin and yang, the heart and lungs belong to yang, the heart is yang in yang, and the lungs are yin in yang; Liver, spleen and kidney belong to yin, liver is the yang in yin, kidney is the yin in yin, and spleen is also the yin in yin (also called "Yin Zhi"). Spleen belongs to Taiyin, which is the beginning of three yin, so spleen is the most yin.
In short, up and down, inside and outside, inside and outside, between organizational structures, every organization and organ itself contains the relationship of unity of opposites of Yin and Yang. The yin and yang of human body parts, tissues, structures and organs are only the general classification of their relative attributes.
Explain the physiological functions of the human body
Traditional Chinese medicine believes that the normal life activities of the human body are the result of the unity of opposites and the coordination and balance of yin and yang. The physiological function of human body is also summarized and explained by yin-yang theory. Mainly manifested in the overall external function of the body to defend against the invasion of evil spirits, as well as the functional activities of zang-fu organs.
1. Reflected in the body's defense function: Yang is outside, which has the function of protecting the internal tissues and organs of the body. Examining doctors, including arranging vaginal sperm, is the material foundation of Yang Qi, which constantly reserves and provides energy supplement for Yang Qi. Therefore, "Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory" said: "What Yin contains is what Yang keeps; Yang is outside, and Yin is also making it. " "Su Wentong's Theory of Wondering Heaven" also said: "Yin people are eager to hide essence; Keeping the outside world is solid. "
2. Reflected in the functional activities of viscera: Generally speaking, the five zang-organs store essence and qi as yin, and the six fu-organs store digestion and guide water as yang. Every viscera has yin and yang, and all functional activities belong to yang, while the viscera and essence that produce these functional activities belong to yin.
In addition, Chinese medicine also uses the relationship between yin and yang to explain the specific physiological process.
3. Physiological significance of the relative balance of Yin and Yang: Chinese medicine mainly emphasizes the mutual coordination and balance of the physiological relationship between Yin and Yang. Therefore, "Su Wen is angry with the sky" said: "Yin Pingyang is the secret, and Qi is the rule." If Yin and Yang are out of balance, it will be a pathological state, and once Yin and Yang Can can't adhere to each other and use each other, then "Yin and Yang are separated, and the essence is absolute", their life activities will end. It can be seen that Chinese medicine expounds the physiological function of human body from the whole and systematic level, and holds that the normal life activities of human body are the result of the harmonious relationship of unity of opposites and the relative dynamic balance of Yin and Yang. The correspondence between man and nature means that the functional activities of human viscera and meridians adapt to the changes of natural seasons, and the theory of correspondence between man and nature in TCM is also based on the mutual adaptation between the ups and downs of yin and yang in nature and the activities of yin and yang in human body.
Explain the pathological changes of human body
1. The basic pathological change of human body is imbalance of yin and yang: according to the pathogenesis of traditional Chinese medicine, the occurrence of diseases is the result of the relative imbalance and coordination of yin and yang in human body due to some factors, which leads to the decline of yin and yang. The occurrence of diseases is related to both evil and good. Righteousness and evil spirits, as well as their interaction and struggle, can be summarized by yin and yang. Diseases and pathogens can be divided into yin and yang, while justice includes yin essence and yang. Therefore, the pathological imbalance between Yin and Yang is mostly manifested as one aspect of excess and decline. And anomalies on the one hand will also affect the other. Generally speaking, excessive exogenous evil makes yin and yang excited on one hand and damaged on the other; Internal injuries and physical decline will lead to deficiencies in one aspect of the body, making it lower than the normal level, thus forming relative ADHD on the other hand. Therefore, although the changes of diseases are very complicated, as far as the state of yin and yang is concerned, it is nothing more than four kinds of diseases: Yang-excess, Yin-excess, Yang-deficiency and Yin-deficiency.
2. Pathological manifestations of the ups and downs of Yin and Yang: Su Wen's theory that Yin and Yang should be alike points out that "Yang wins is hot, while Yin wins is cold", and Su Wen's theory of regulating menstruation also says: "Yang deficiency is cold outside, while Yin deficiency is hot inside; It is hot outside the yang and cold inside the yin. "
3. Pathological manifestations of mutual loss and mutual change of yin and yang: TCM pathogenesis holds that in the process of disease occurrence and development, yin essence and Yang Qi of either side of human body are deficient to a certain extent, which often leads to deficiency of the other side, that is, so-called "yang loss and yin loss" or "yin loss and yang loss", which can eventually lead to "yin and yang deficiency" and qi and blood deficiency, which is the common pathological development process of chronic deficiency syndrome. As for the reflection of yin-yang transformation on disease syndromes, the true heat syndrome is transformed into deficiency-cold syndrome; Yin-cold syndrome is transformed into Yang-heat syndrome. , is common, as mentioned above, not repeated.
Used for clinical diagnosis and syndrome differentiation
1. Check the color pulse, first distinguish yin and yang: Clinical diseases can be classified into two types according to their syndromes: yin syndrome and yang syndrome. Although the clinical symptoms and signs are complicated, the diagnosis of the disease can be analyzed, summarized and judged according to the law of yin and yang changes, so as to understand and discuss the essence of the disease. Therefore, "Su Wen Yin and Yang should be like a big theory" said: "Those who are good at diagnosing diseases, look at the color and pulse, don't talk about Yin and Yang first." It shows that the four diagnoses of Chinese medicine, looking, smelling, asking and cutting, must first distinguish between yin and yang.
2. Yin and Yang are the general program of syndrome differentiation: the so-called syndrome differentiation is an objective analysis and judgment of various symptoms, signs and illness data obtained through four clinics, so as to correctly understand the etiology, location, nature and relationship between evil and positive of a disease and judge it as a diagnostic method of a certain disease. The diagnosis of traditional Chinese medicine takes yin and yang as the dialectical program, so as to distinguish and judge the exterior, cold and heat or deficiency and excess of the disease. Therefore, all exterior syndrome, excess syndrome and heat syndrome belong to yang syndrome; All internal syndrome, deficiency syndrome and cold syndrome belong to yin syndrome. Therefore, although the clinical symptoms and signs are ever-changing, there is always no scope of yin and yang.
Guide clinical medication.
Su Wen Zhi Zhen Da Lun said: "Look at the position of Yin and Yang carefully and adjust it to make it equal." That is to say, because the imbalance of Yin and Yang is the basic pathogenesis of the disease, it is the basic principle of TCM clinical treatment to regulate Yin and Yang, treat both the symptoms and root causes, create conditions to transform the imbalance of Yin and Yang into coordination, and restore the relative balance of Yin and Yang on a new basis.
Because of the different manifestations and nature of diseases, there are various treatment methods. According to the spirit of coordinating Yin and Yang, TCM has put forward "cold is hot", "heat is cold", "deficiency is tonic", "diarrhea in fact" (Su Wen Zhi Zhen Da Lun) and "Yang disease treating Yin, Yin disease treating Yang" (Su Wen Yin and Yang).
In a word, the basic principle of treatment is to make up the deficiency for those who have diarrhea, so that the excess of yin can be corrected and the relative balance of yin can be restored on a new basis.
Similarly, yin and yang are also of great significance for summarizing the sexual and taste functions of drugs, which can be used as a basis for guiding clinical medication. The general properties of drugs, such as four qi, five flavors, ascending and descending, have different yin and yang properties. Therefore, in clinical medication, we must pay attention to the yin-yang relationship between diseases and drugs, and correctly use the yin-yang properties of drugs to improve or adjust the yin-yang relationship of body disorders, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment.