Shu jun
Qin Jia. Luoyang is 3 100 miles west. Eleven cities, 30452 households, population 135476 people.
Chengdu [1] Yongjiang Plain is a huge city [2] Lin Qiong [3] has iron.
Biandao [4] Minshan is in the west [5]. Wenjiang Road [6] Baling Guangrou [7]
Mianji Road [8]
Note [1] The capital of Shu gave a note saying: "In the second year of Ding Yuan, Liang Wudi, eighteen gates were set up in Chengdu."
Note [2] Any Yizhou wrote: "The county is expected to have the source of Sichuan, and the stone is cut for 20 miles. The Lijiang River is used to irrigate the land, which is a cloud for the Han Dynasty."
Note [3] "Natural History" Note: "There is a fire well, twenty or thirty feet deep, in the south of the county. The fire was thrown with bamboo and wood. Later generations threw candles into the well and the fire went out. " Shu Du wrote: "If you want to make a fire in a fire well, throw yourself at home first. In a short time, it rumbled like thunder, overwhelming and shining for ten miles. It will be filled with bamboo tubes and receive light without charcoal. Take fire from the well and boil the well water. A pot of water can take four or five barrels of salt, and if you cook at home, it's only two or three barrels of salt. "
Note [4] The King of Shu said, "There are two stones named Pengmen in front of the county."
Note [5] Shan Hai Jing said: "Minjiang River, the river flows out, and the northeast flows into the sea. There are many good turtles in the middle, with many treasures above, many white turtles below, and many rhinos, elephants and wild animals. " Guo Pu said, "There are big cows in Shushan today, weighing thousands of pounds, so they are called Kui."
Shu Du wrote: "Minshan is rich in medicinal materials, and its pepper is very good, which is absolutely different from the best in the world."
Note [6] Huayang Guozhi said: "Water is about to drip, water is about to flow, ice is cold, and it is frozen in midsummer. Xiao' an Yan Guang was rebuilt as a county three years later. "
[7] Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty noted that Shi Lu was called Niu. There is a new stone town in the county seat. Huayang Guo Zhi said, "Barbarians camp in their land, hundreds of miles away, and dare not live in grazing. If you have it, you can't chase it, and the cloud is afraid of God. If it can be hidden for three years, it is an original, and the gods bless it. "
Note [8] Huayang Guo Zhiyun: "There are Leiyu Mountain, jade and water."
On the communication history between Shu and Hexi Corridor in Han Dynasty from the information about Shu in Han bamboo slips. kjz.com/lunwen/67/ 106/lunwen_25070.html
There are different opinions about the historical changes of Longshu traffic due to the different roads. This paper intends to roughly infer the main traffic routes of Gansu and Sichuan during the Eastern Han Dynasty, the Three Kingdoms and the Western Jin Dynasty by recording the mileage of counties and prefectures in historical geography.
Because the geographical works before the Book of Continued Han did not record the mileage of counties and capitals in detail, the earliest records we can see today are the Book of Continued Han written by Sima Biao, a historian of the Western Jin Dynasty, and the Book of Later Han written by Ye Fan of Nanliang. In addition, Historical Records of Huayang, written by the Historian of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, records the historical and geographical evolution of Nanchuan, Shaanxi, Hubei and Yunnan areas in the Qinling Mountains, and it is later than the historical records of counties and counties in the Han Dynasty, with high mileage accuracy and is an important reference material.
First, the distance between counties recorded in historical records
Later Han Dynasty: Five Records of Twenty-three Counties
Qin family in Hanzhong county. Luoyang is 990 miles to the west.
Wudu County, the hometown of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty. Luoyang is in the west 1960 miles.
Gaudi home in Guanghan county. Luoyang is three thousand miles west.
Qin family in Shu county. Luoyang is 3 100 miles west.
The History of Qin Dynasty Jing Zhaoyin was revised by Liang Wudi. Its four counties belong to Jianwu fifteen years. It's 950 miles west of Luoyang.
Huayang National Records Volume II Hanzhong Records
Zitong County, ... Go to Luo 2838 Li.
This Wudu county in the west of Guanghan is also ruled by a captain ... Go to Los Angeles 1878 miles.
Yin Pingjun, a captain in the north of Guanghan [rule] ... go to Luo 2344 Li.
Records of Huayang Country Volume III Records of Shu
Shuxian, ... 3 120 miles to Los Angeles.
Guanghan County, ... 3000 Li to Los Angeles, 0/20 Li to Chengdu/KLOC.
It can be seen from the records that the distance from Hanzhong County (Nanzheng, now Hanzhong City) to Jing Zhaoyin (Chang 'an, now northwest of Xi 'an) is110 Li Han; Zitong County Governance (now Zitong, Sichuan) Distance Jing 1888. The distance from the military administration of Shu Army (now Chengdu, Sichuan) to Jing Zhaoyin is 2 150 ~ 2 170 Li Han. The distance from Yin Ping County (now Wenxian County, Gansu Province) to Chang 'an is 1394 Li Han.
Second, the corresponding urban distance of modern transportation
1. Look at the traffic between Hanzhong and Chang 'an first.
During the Han, Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasties, the traffic between Hanzhong and Chang 'an was mainly connected by ramps and ancient roads. Thanks to the highway, the total length is 256.5 kilometers along the provincial highway 2 10 from Liuba Meixian to Wuguanyi Town and the national highway 3 16 from Wuguanyi Town to Hanzhong City. The distance from Meixian to Xi 'an along the 3 10 national highway is135km. In this way, it is 94 1.6 Li Han (1 Li Han is 0.83 16 Li, 0.4 158km in this city) along Xi 'an-Hanzhong 39/kloc-0 .5 km. See Research on the Length Evolution of China, Li Yang and Research on China's Economic History. This distance is shorter than that calculated in the Book of Continued Han Dynasty, so it can be seen that although this route is not the main road of the later Han Dynasty, it is indeed more convenient.
There is no objection to this old road from Baoji to Fengxian in history, mainly from Baoji to Fengxian along baoji-chengdu railway. Today, Baoji to Xi 'an is along 3 10 national highway 197 km, baoji-chengdu railway Baoji to Fengzhou 9 1 km, and Fengzhou Town to Fengxian is along 2 12 provincial highway 16 km. The main argument is whether to continue to pass through the Jialing River or other roads when entering Hanzhong, which is south of Fengxian County. There are three main arguments:
First, from Fengxian to the southeast, through Tianxing Town, Liu Hou Town and Wuguanyi Town of Liuba County (that is, the plank road in Li Anyun), south into Hanzhong. Fengxian to Hanzhong along the 3 16 national highway 159 km. If you take this route, the distance from Xi 'an to Hanzhong is 463 kilometers, which is 1 1 13.5 Li Han.
Second, from Fengxian along Jialing River to the south of Lueyang, it turns southwest to Hanzhong via Hejiayan Town, Heiheba Township, Chadian Town (Hangu County), Wuhou Town (Guyang Guanping) and Mianxian County (Hanyang). The distance from Baoji to Lueyang in baoji-chengdu railway is 2 15km, and the mileage from Lueyang to Hanzhong along provincial highway 309 is 1 16km. If you take this route, the distance from Xi 'an to Hanzhong is 528km, which is 1270 Li Han.
Third, from Lueyang along Jialing River to Ningqiang Yangpingguan Town, then turn to the northeast, and pass through Daijiaba, Daan, Qingyangyi, Wuhou Town and Mianxian County to Hanzhong. The distance from Baoji to Yangpingguan in baoji-chengdu railway is 27 1 km, and the mileage from Yangpingguan town to Hanzhong along the highway and 108 national highway is 1 17 km. . If you take this route, the distance from Xi 'an to Hanzhong is 585 kilometers, which is 1407 Li Han.
It is not difficult to see that the route through Li Anyun plank road seems to be more in line with historical records. According to the record of Liuba plank road, Li Anyun plank road was built in Han Dynasty. In the fourth year of Kaiyuan in the Northern Wei Dynasty (507), it was unblocked in the second year of Yongping (509).
2. Look at the traffic between Chengdu and Chang 'an.
Because the journey from Zhao Hua Town in Guangyuan to the south and around Langzhong and Langxian along Jialing River is much farther than Shi Niu Road. Baoji-chengdu railway Guangyuan South Section is different from Shi Niu Road in history, and does not pass through Zitong, so the national highway 108 route is adopted for calculation. In addition, the following route of Zitong, Shi Niu Road is unique. We can infer the traffic route from Chengdu to Chang 'an by verifying the distance from Zitong to Chang 'an.
When studying the distance from Zitong to Chang 'an, the first question is whether Zitong to Chang 'an must pass through Hanzhong. Let's look at it separately.
First, if you need to pass Hanzhong from Zitong to Chang 'an, the distance from Zitong to Hanzhong is 778 Li Han. It is divided into three situations:
A. From Hanzhong to Zitong via Da 'an, Guangyuan, ningqiang county, Sichuan, that is, along the national highway 108. The distance is 374 kilometers, or 899.5 Han Li.
B. From Hanzhong via Da 'an and Yangpingguan towns, south along Jialing River to Guangyuan, and then along National Highway 108. The distance from Hanzhong to Yangpingguan Town is 108 national highway and highway10/7km, the distance from Yangpingguan Town to Guangyuan along baoji-chengdu railway is 79 km, and the distance from Guangyuan to Zitong, Sichuan is 157 km. If you take this route, the distance from Hanzhong to Zitong is 353 kilometers, which is 849 Li Han.
C. From Hanzhong, it passes through Da 'an, Yangpingguan, Yanzibian, Guangping and Shazhou towns in Qingchuan, Sichuan (Baishui in Han Dynasty), then it goes southwest along Bailong River, reaches Zhao Hua Town in Guangyuan (Hanjiameng and Three Kingdoms Hanshou) and then goes south to Zitong. Hanzhong is 203km away from Shazhou Town via National Highway 108, 20km away from Shazhou12 along National Highway to Baolun Town in Guangyuan (Baolun Town is 25km away from Guangyuan). Distance from Baolun Town to Zitong 108 National Road132km. The cement road from southeast of Baolun Town to Zhao Hua Town is 2 1 km long. The distance from Baolun Town to Jianmen Town along 108 National Road is similar to that along cement road via Zhao Hua. Therefore, we take the 108 national highway from Baolun Town to Jianmen Town instead of the cement road from Zhao Hua to Jianmen Town. If you take this route, the distance from Hanzhong to Zitong is 455 kilometers, which is 1094 Li Han.
It is not difficult to see that the most historic route from Zitong via Hanzhong to Chang 'an is the route from Yangpingguan Town to Guangyuan Zhao Hua, which is only 6 1 Li Han, about 25 kilometers.
Second, if Zitong goes to Chang 'an without Hanzhong, it can only go along Jialing River to Yangpingguan Town, Ningqiang, Shaanxi. Then there are two roads, namely the route due south of Guangyuan and the route of Shazhou Town in Qingchuan.
A. the route south of Guangyuan. The distance between Baoji and Guangyuan in baoji-chengdu railway is 350 kilometers, and the national highway 108 Guangyuan and Zitong mileage 157 kilometers. Then along this route, the distance from Chang 'an to Zitong is 704 kilometers, which is 1693 Li Han.
B. the route through shazhou town, Qingchuan. The distance from Baoji in baoji-chengdu railway to Yangpingguan Town is 27 1km, and the mileage from Yangpingguan Town to Shazhou in Sichuan is 86km. As mentioned earlier, the distance from Shazhou along the 2 12 National Road to Guangyuan Baolun Town is120km. Guangyuan is 25km away from Baolun Town, and Baolun Town is 32km away from Zitong 108 National Road. Then along this route, the distance from Chang 'an to Zitong is 806 kilometers, which is 1938 Li Han.
It is not difficult to see that the route from Zitong to Chang 'an via Shazhou Town in Qingchuan (Baishui County of Han Dynasty) is the closest to historical records, only 50 Li Han away, about 2 1km. This also proves that the route of Shi Niu Road passed through Baishui County (Shazhou Town, Qingchuan, Sichuan) during the Han, Wei and Jin Dynasties. The numerous remains of Han and Jin sites along this route are also very convincing evidence (see another article "Re-discussion on the Geographical Location of Guancheng and Yang 'an Pass in the Three Kingdoms Period"). The route of Shi Niu Road, which passed through Ningqiang in Shaanxi and Chaotian Town in Guangyuan, Sichuan, was gradually adopted at least after the Six Dynasties. . com/sg_article/list.asp？ Unid= 1667