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Experts spoke to eliminate the ambiguity of the relevant picture editing entries in Shuo Wen Jie Zi and participated in the discussion. Classification: China's theoretical reference book of ancient books, masterpieces of theoretical linguistics of Chinese characters.
Shuowen Jiezi, referred to as Shuowen, is the first word book in China that systematically analyzes the form of Chinese characters and studies the etymology. Written by Xu Shen, it was completed in the first year of Andi Jianguang (12 1). The original book 14, narrative 1, the text is "Biography", 9353 words. There are also 1 163 words in ancient Chinese and Shu Chinese, and the explanation of130,000 words. This book has been circulating repeatedly, and this book is quite different from the original. This book pioneered the radical arrangement method, which was used by later dictionaries. This book has made great contributions to the study of ancient characters, ancient documents and ancient history. In the Qing Dynasty, the study of Shuowen became a specialized knowledge, and dozens of scholars annotated it.
catalogue
basic document
Brief introduction of the author
Book Introduction
Conceptual development
main content
basic document
Brief introduction of the author
Book Introduction
Conceptual development
main content
Value contribution
The influence of later generations
Related items
reference data
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Shuowen Jiezi —— Basic Information Title: Shuowen Jiezi (Shuowen for short)
Authors: (Han) Xu Shen, (Song) Xu Xuan proofreading.
Press: Zhonghua Book Company
Release date: February 2004-1
Page count: 390 pages
Shuo Wen Jie Zi-Author Brief Introduction
Xu Shen
Xu Shen (about 58 years-about 147 years), a native of Zhaoling, Runan (now Yancheng County, Henan Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty, is known as "the Five Classics, Xu Zhongshu". He is a famous Confucian scholar, philologist and linguist in Han Dynasty, and the pioneer of China philology. In 100 (the 11th year of Yongyuan in the Eastern Han Dynasty), Shuowen Jiezi was the first dictionary in China.
Xu Shen once served as a wine sacrifice in Taiwei Mansion, and studied under the master of Confucian classics, Jia Kui. After 2 1 year, he wrote Shuo Wen Jie Zi, and summed up 540 radicals of Chinese characters. Xu Shen's other works, such as the Five Classics and the Interpretation of Huainan and Lie Hong, have been lost. Xu Jinjing said: Uncle is heavy and cautious, and Runan is also a grave robber. Pure in nature, with little learning by classics, Ma Rong often praises it. People say that "the Five Classics are unparalleled in Xu Shu." Attack the county, raise filial piety, and then remove the county chief. At the beginning of his death at home, Shen distinguished the differences with the legends of the Five Classics, so he wrote it as the Five Classics Objection. In the 12th year of Yongyuan (100), Shuo Wen Jie Zi was launched, with the preface saying: "The ancients listed the king of the family as the king of the world. When they looked up, they looked at the image in the sky, when they looked down, they looked at the law in the earth, and looked at the culture of birds and animals and the suitability of the land, which was close to all the bodies, so they launched the gossip of hanging constitutional images in Yi. Shennong, on the other hand, is a rope to govern unified affairs, and the industry is full of ornaments. Cang Xie, the messenger of the Yellow Emperor, saw the traces of the hoofs of birds and animals from a distance and knew the difference between them. He first signed a book publishing contract. "Take care of all, judge all, cover all" and "support all in Wang Ting". The orator died preaching in the court, so the gentleman gave to the world, while the virtue was taboo. At the beginning of writing, it was like an pictograph, so it was called Wen. After that, the form and sound benefit each other, that is, the word. The writer is the foundation of image; Words, words make milk bubble. Written on bamboo and silk books, the writers are all like this. At this point, the five emperors and three kings changed their bodies. There are seven generations sealed in Mount Tai, and there are similarities. "
The first year of Jianguang (12 1) was written. Nine thousand three hundred and fifty has three words; There are 1,160 articles and 3 articles, which are divided into 540 articles. When he was ill, he sent his son to give the emperor a book. He died and was buried in the east of Xuzhuang Village, Jishi Township, Yancheng County. The tomb is five feet high and eight feet in diameter. The villagers said, "The day moves one centimeter, and the night is three feet long." It's ridiculous, and there's no grave to extricate yourself from. The Book of the Later Han Dynasty praised: "Sven is not a tomb, but each has its own inheritance. Painting and separation, specialization and prosperity. Exquisite and sparse meetings, mutual worship and mutual levy. If you don't do it in a thousand years, who is the source? " At the end of Qing Dynasty, the magistrate and scholar went to Xu Fuzi's tomb to pay homage and knelt down for three times. In the forty-sixth year of Kangxi (1707), Yancheng County ordered Wendeyu to set up the "Xiaolian Xugong Tomb" monument. During Guangxu period (1875- 1908), Yancheng county magistrate Wang Fengsen set up "Xu Fuzi Baiwen Temple Monument". Thirty-seven years after the founding of New China (1985), the "Rebuilding Xu Shen Tombstone" was established at the first meeting of Xu Shen Research Association. There were two cypress trees in 180, and there are three in 150 today, which is also the number of 39. Now Xu Shen Ancestral Temple is located next to Xu Shen Road, Yancheng District, Luohe City, Henan Province, and Luohe No.4 High School (Yancheng No.1 High School, the provincial Yancheng Middle School).
Chinese characters are the oldest characters in the world and the longest hieroglyphics. Today, people find that the convenience of inputting Chinese characters into computers is incomparable to any kind of characters in the world. When people are keen on studying Chinese characters, they will first think of Xu Shen.
Xu Shen was a Confucian scholar and writer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Shuo Wen Jie Zi, compiled by him, is the first big dictionary in China that systematically analyzes the glyphs and explains the meanings of words based on the theory of six books. It preserved most pre-Qin fonts and a large number of text exegesis before and after the Han Dynasty, reflected the features of ancient Chinese vocabulary, and systematically put forward the theory of word analysis. It is the first dictionary in the history of China literature to analyze glyphs, explain meanings and distinguish pronunciations. Without the spread of this book, it would be impossible for the people of China to know the seal script since Qin and Han Dynasties, not to mention the bronze inscriptions on Oracle Bone Inscriptions in Shang Dynasty, Shang and Zhou Dynasties and the ancient writings in Warring States Period. Therefore, it not only has a great influence on the study of Chinese characters in the past, but also has great significance for the study of Chinese characters now and in the future.
Shuowen Jiezi-Book Introduction Shuowen Jiezi, referred to as Shuowen, is the first word book in China that systematically analyzes glyphs and studies etymology. The characters collected in this book are seal script (that is, small seal script), (a book in the ancient Chinese wall), seal script (big seal script), or genre and genre. "Wen" refers to a whole pictographic ideographic character, and "Zi" refers to Chinese characters with a combination of form and sound, so Xu Shen took Shuowen Jiezi as the title, and later generations often referred to it as Shuowen. Xu Shen in the Eastern Han Dynasty was written in the first year of Jianguang (12 1). It laid the foundation of China's ancient calligraphy.
There are fourteen original works and a narrative. The text is "Biography", 9353 words, ancient prose, essays, etc. 1 163 words. , and the interpretation of the word133,441. This book has been circulated many times and revised by Xu Xuan in Song Dynasty, which is quite different from the original book. Xu divided each article into two volumes, * * * 30 volumes, 943 1 word, 1279 word, 122699 word. This book changed the compilation method of dictionaries in Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, that is, the collected words were compiled into four-character and seven-character rhymes, and the radical arrangement method was pioneered, which was divided into 540 parts. Xu Shi summed up the previous "Six Books" theory and created a set of systematic exegetical methods, which explained the meaning of words first, then analyzed the body structure, and then explained the pronunciation. The method of analyzing glyphs is not available in previous word books. This book has made great contributions to the study of ancient Chinese characters, ancient documents and ancient history. However, there are also subjective assumptions and superstitious elements in the explanation, which need to be studied with reference to the writings of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, epigraphy and bamboo slips. Such a masterpiece as Shuowen was produced in the dispute of Confucian classics. The dispute between modern literary classics and ancient literary classics is the most important debate in the field of academic thought in Han Dynasty. The ancient books before Qin Dynasty were written in six languages. In the Han Dynasty, the characters of the six countries were called "ancient prose", and the classics written in ancient prose were called "ancient prose". Qin Shihuang burned these ancient books, such as poems and songs, out of the need of ignorant people policy. In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, some old Confucian scholars dictated the Five Classics to their disciples from memory, and the disciples came down with the official secretary. Lishu is a popular script in Han Dynasty, called "Jinwen", and the classic written in this script is called Jinwen Jing. Later, classics written in ancient Chinese characters were discovered one after another. In this way, the Confucian classics in Han Dynasty can be divided into modern Confucian classics and ancient Confucian classics. The difference between the two schools lies not only in the different versions and characters of Confucian classics, but also in how to make Confucian classics serve feudal rule. Scholars like to explain Confucian classics far-fetched and preach superstitious divination; Classical scholars emphasize reading classics and truly understanding the essence of Confucianism, so they focus on exegesis of famous things and attach importance to language facts, which is relatively simple and simple. Xu Shen belongs to the school of classical Chinese classics, and he compiled Shuowen in order to expand the political and academic influence of classical Chinese classics with language as a weapon.
The early version of Shuowen is unknown. The earliest recorded version is Shuowen published by Li Yu in the Tang Dynasty, but it is mixed with many hypotheses of Li. The existing version of the book is the Song version revised by Xu Xuan, and the first edition of the four series and the continuation of the ancient Yi series are photocopied. Followed by Xu Kai's "Shuowen Jiezi Zhuan" series, there are remnants of the Song Dynasty publications and notes of the Song Dynasty film reviews, and there are photocopies in the second print of the four series. Two brothers, Xu Xuan and Xu Kai, intensively studied Shuowen in the Southern Tang Dynasty. Xu Kai's Shuowen Jiezi Zhuan is the first annotated version of Shuowen, which was written in the late Southern Tang Dynasty and named Little Xu Ben. Xu Kai corrected Li's fallacy. During the reign of Emperor Yongxi, Xu Xuan ordered people to revise Shuowen in Song Taizong, which was called the Great Xu Ben in history. In addition, there is a wooden remnant of Shuowen written in the Tang Dynasty, with only 188 words. In the Qing Dynasty, the research and treatment of Shuowen mainly focused on Xu Ben, but also referred to Xu Ben. Now, there are photocopies of Zhonghua Book Company.
Shuo Wen Jie Zi —— Looking at the development of concepts from a historical perspective
1, the character originated very early. Although the unearthed pottery also has something similar to the early writing, what era it belongs to and how to know it need further study. Therefore, Oracle Bone Inscriptions is the earliest person who can record Chinese characters systematically today. The characters developed from Oracle Bone Inscriptions to bronzes are inscriptions on bronze. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were so-called six ancient Chinese characters: pre-Qin essays, characters on currency, characters on pottery and so on. By the time of Qin Shihuang, Qin's essays were simplified into Xiao Zhuan. Then it developed into official script, cursive script, running script and original script (that is, regular script and official script).
Judging from the way of writing
Xu Shen Monument
The development of Chinese characters has deformation and potential changes. Deformation, that is, the font has changed; Potential changes mean that the strokes of writing have changed. Deformation such as inscriptions on bronze, far from the ancient prose of the six countries.
Compared with bronze inscriptions, Xiao Zhuan has changed a lot. Most seal scripts are round pens, but seal scripts have changed little and official scripts have changed greatly. The round pen was changed to Fang Bi. "Big" and "Tian", the glyph changes from round to square. On the one hand, this development tends to be simple from complexity, such as from big seal, small seal to small seal; On the other hand, it can be seen that from monomer to combination, using different radicals becomes pictophonetic characters. Writing is from complexity to simplicity, and the reproduction of words is from form to meaning to sound. At first, pictures represented images, which were simplified into pictographs as characters. There are also things that refer to things. Shuowen takes "Shang" and "Xia" as examples. Because nothing is alike, something refers to something. It is also understood that it is generally combined, such as "phase", which is synthesized by two individuals. This method is sometimes poor, so it develops in the direction of phonetic notation, so it is tangible with sound. There are also diversion and borrowing, and the first few are six books. On the other hand, it is said that "building a class, ... always taking exams". Predecessors have different understandings. What is more accurate is Liu Taigong's statement: "From one meaning to several, it is called note, and the meaning of one word is called borrowing; Pronunciation is called passing notes, and memorization is called borrowing. " Dai Zhen and Duan Yucai said that turning notes is mutual training.
No, mutual training is not the way to nurture milk. Under the guise of not coining words, homonyms can be used to form words, and one word represents two different words. Zhuan Zhu is a phonetic notation.
Borrowing is more about phonology, so the form is developing towards phonology. In the use of words, a word has many forms.
(or style, different ways of writing a word) gradually tends to be fixed. Historically, there are differences between ancient words and modern words.
The evolution of phonology. First of all, we should understand that phonology is a system, not a mess. There are several kinds of initials and finals in a language; The combination of sound and rhyme is regular and systematic. For example, "General of modern China" ... must be spelled with iy (or rhymed with iy middle), not AO. The evolution of phonology is that there are some developments and changes within this system. Evolution is still from simple to complex, for example, the ancient "complete determination" developed into "understanding" and "watching the bed" under certain conditions. Or from complex to simple, such as "blue" is the mother and "prison" is the mother. In ancient times, there were consonants with complex consonants.
Kl2. Why is there polyphony in ancient times? This situation is not uncommon. For example, "forgiveness" is like a voice. A word can also have two pronunciations, such as "rate" shuà i and "lǜ", which are originally two consonants. Under certain conditions, some of them retain the pre-consonant (such as "prison") and some retain the post-consonant (such as "blue"). In addition to homophony, we can also see that there are also complex consonants in ancient times from the comparison of Chinese and Tibetan cognates. People disagree with this statement. There are differences between Minnan dialect and dialect. Because of the differences in politics, economy and times.
From the development of Chinese phonetic system
It can be divided into several stages (p eriod): ancient, medieval, near ancient, modern and modern. Ancient times can be divided into primitive Chinese and ancient Chinese. time
There is also the expansion of the previous generation and the next generation, which is a development trend. In Shang Dynasty, the relationship between Ming and culture was intertwined in the early ancient times, and dialects gradually merged from differences to commonness. History should be divided into different stages. The Qing Dynasty was a modern dialect since ancient times, and Chinese had the earliest mother tongue, but the dialects were different. The Zhou and Qin Dynasties were in the late ancient times. If Zhou and Qin Dynasties were ancient, then now it is modern. The research term, the Han dynasty can also be said to be the late ancient times. Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were the Middle Ages, and Tang and Song Dynasties were the branches of modern times. Some American scholars think that Min dialect is different from early Chinese.
, have their own mother tongue, the original Min language. Cantonese, Wu dialect and northern dialect all evolved from early Chinese. Because language can't
Comparison only depends on its grammar and vocabulary. Min dialect is also a syllable language without many forms.
Ical) changes, the grammatical structure is basically the same as other Chinese dialects, and the tone can also correspond. There is a lot of lexical evidence, but some words are not from the northern dialect. One problem is that different ethnic groups influence each other in communication, so we should absorb some words from other ethnic languages. Language development is also uneven, some fast, some slow. The development of dialects is staggered, and some tend to be consistent. Consistency is relative, not absolute. Generally speaking, there is no entering tone in northern dialect, but there is entering tone in Shanxi dialect, with different tones, and some have five or six tones.
In a word, about the evolution of phonology, we should establish two concepts: one is the difference between ancient and modern, and the other is the difference between dialects.
Semantic development
The meaning of words has original meaning and variable meaning. The original meaning refers to the image taken from the early writing form and its meaning. Meaning change refers to the development and change of the usage of words in expressing meaning. There are many changes, such as escape, figurative meaning, borrowed meaning and so on. The study of semantics cannot be viewed in isolation. First, it depends on how the word is said in the earliest literature (it appears for the first time), and some can't just look at the font. Second, remove the roots.
According to the meaning of a word (word) in a sentence, it is not only seen from the ancient word book (exegesis book), but also does not necessarily refer to the comprehensive meaning of the word or the meaning in a sentence. For example, the first article of Er Ya Shi said: "Beginning, zai, first, foundation, Zhao, ancestor, yuan, fetus, uncle, health, strength and elegance." Should these words be said at the beginning? In fact, at first, it only represented the core. In fact, it has different uses and refers to different aspects. Put the words in specific sentences to see the meaning. As far as language is concerned, form, sound and meaning are linked together. When learning a language, we should not be partial, but observe and analyze everything (ancient and modern, form, sound and meaning). The so-called "understanding is necessary", "studious and thoughtful" and "knowing its meaning" are to link observation with analysis. At the same time, we should also understand the historical development, so-called "exploring the source" and "understanding"
Shuowen Jiezi-Main Contents Shuowen Jiezi is the earliest dictionary in China, which has a great influence on later generations. It is also the first Chinese dictionary arranged by radicals in China. This book was written in the 12th year of Yongyuan (100) and the first year of Andi Jianguang (12 1). The original is now lost. Most of the versions handed down to this day are Song Dynasty versions or Duan Yucai's annotations in Qing Dynasty. The original text is Xiao Zhuan, which explains the source of the font word for word. Written by Xu Shen, dedicated to Han Andi. The whole book is divided into 540 radicals, 9,353 words, and there are also "overlapping words", that is, the variant characters 1 163, * * 105 16.
Xu Shen, the title of Shuo Wen Jie Zi, explains this:
At the beginning of writing, it was an pictograph, so it was called Wen. After that, the form and sound benefit each other, that is, the word. The writer is the foundation of image; Words, words breed milk and so on.
Book Shadow of Shuowen Jiezi (Ping Jin Pavilion Series Edition)
Shuo Wen Jie Zi *** 15 volume, including preface 1 volume. In Shuo Wen Jie Zi, Xu Shen systematically expounded the law of Chinese characters-Liu Shu.
The style of Shuowen Jiezi is to list the seal script first, and if the ancient prose is different from the Shu prose, it will be listed later. Then explain the original meaning of words, and then strengthen the relationship between fonts and the meaning or pronunciation of words. The arrangement of radicals in Shuo Wen Jie Zi is based on the principle of similarity in form or meaning.
The whole book takes Biography as the main body and analyzes the glyph structure. According to the different radicals, it is divided into 5 14 parts, starting with the "I" part and ending with the "Hai" part. Words with similar radicals or strokes belong to a department, and radicals are the first of a department. The arrangement order of components is generally based on whether the strokes and physical structures of radicals are similar, and the strokes are arranged together with similar structures. The 5 14 part of Xu Shu is 14, and the ending is one, so it is 15. The arrangement of each text is mainly based on three principles:
The meaning of (1) words in application belongs to good, and the good ones are derogatory, while the bad ones are listed in the back;
(2) Proper nouns are listed in the front, and nouns belonging to ordinary things are listed in the back;
(3) In a word, the order with similar meanings is put together for easy searching. Under each seal script, the meaning is expressed first, then the structure is expressed, and finally the meaning is explained.
In addition to the small seal script, if there are variants of regular script and ancient prose, they are listed under it and named "Chongwen". The whole book * * * contains 9353 words of seal script, with a copy of 1 163 words. The characters used in ancient books are generally available, including all the characters in the pre-Qin period and the newly generated characters in the Han Dynasty, which provides extremely valuable materials for future generations to investigate the development history of Chinese characters. Xu Shen analyzed glyphs according to Six Books. Pictograph refers to the shape of the subject to see the meaning. Perception, form and sound are their combined components respectively. Anyone who says "from a certain to a certain" or "from a certain" is knowledgeable; Anyone who says "from a certain sound" is a pictophonetic character. There are also people in the book who can understand and understand. Another saying is "from a province." Xu Shen made these analyses, which is of great help to China people to understand the structure of seal script. By studying official script, we can also know its ins and outs. Without understanding the form of seal script, it is difficult to understand its sound and meaning. The exegesis in Shuowen, or the explanation in form, or the exegesis of ancient Chinese in Biography, are promising. Although it is a word book, it is actually an extremely important exegetical book. Later word books all quoted the exegesis of Shuowen as the canon.
Shuowen Jiezi-Value Contribution is the first calligraphy book in China that systematically analyzes the forms of Chinese characters and studies their sources, and it is also the most widely circulated Chinese required reading book.
This book summarizes the literary achievements in the pre-Qin and Han Dynasties, and preserves the form, sound and meaning of Chinese characters for China people. It is an indispensable bridge for learning Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronze inscriptions and ancient sounds, and for training and visiting. In particular, the interpretation of word meaning in Shuowen generally retains the oldest meaning, which is more helpful for understanding the word meaning in ancient books.
It is an important step for literati to organize China's outstanding cultural heritage to preserve and study the materials of ancient society, history and culture. Shuowen includes explanations of various meanings and reflects ancient politics, economy, culture, customs and habits. For example, Shuowen, "The floorboard of cars and wheels was made by Xizhong in Xia Hou". According to the explanation in Shuowen, it can be confirmed that there was a "car" as a means of transportation in Xia Dynasty. Another example is the word "surname" from "female" and a series of surnames beside "female" such as "Jiang", "Ji" and "Yao", which can reveal the traces of ancient matriarchal society. It can be seen that Shuowen reflects some historical situations and all kinds of knowledge in ancient times, which is helpful for Chinese people to make the past serve the present.
The outstanding contribution of Shuowen can be summarized as the following four points:
1. Establishing radicals is one of Xu Shen's great creations. Chinese characters express their meanings through their shapes. Therefore, analyzing the semantic symbols of Chinese characters and classifying all Chinese characters according to their semantic symbols is the work of Chinese character experts, which was first completed by Xu Shen. Shuowen is divided into 540 articles. Except that some can be combined and adjusted. Generally speaking, it is reasonable and conforms to the intention of word formation. Xu Shen took great pains to arrange these 540 parts in order and put them together in similar or similar shapes, which is equivalent to dividing the 540 parts into several categories, which can help readers understand semantic symbols more deeply and correctly. The arrangement of words belonging to various departments is not chaotic, but based on the principle of mutual compliance. There are three specific situations: first, words with similar meanings are arranged together; Second, the meaning of a word is positive in front and negative in the back; Third, proper nouns come first and common nouns come last. The arrangement method of 540 radicals and each word in the first book created by Xu Shen is from the perspective of philology, which can better reflect the meaning relationship between radicals and words, which is very different from the later classification and classification according to the number of strokes from the perspective of searching words.
2. Interpret the original meaning. Before Xu Shen, the classics were all annotated with words, and the meaning of the annotated word was basically the specific meaning and flexible meaning of the word in a certain language environment. Xu Shen firmly grasped the original meaning of words in Shuowen, and only talked about the original meaning (due to historical limitations, the original meaning of some words is wrong), which is undoubtedly equivalent to grasping the core problem of word meaning, because all extended meanings and figurative meanings are based on the original meaning. If we master the original meaning, we can control the complexity with simplicity, infer the extended meaning and solve a series of problems related to word meaning. In addition, when Xu Shen explained the original meaning, he often added the language of description and narration, which enabled readers to deepen their understanding of the original meaning, expand their knowledge and enrich the connotation and extension of the original meaning.
3. Analyze Chinese characters from three aspects: form, sound and meaning. Xu Shen interprets the meaning of each word first, and then analyzes the structure of the glyph. If it is a pictophonetic character, it means pronunciation when analyzing the glyph. If it is a non-pictophonetic word, the pronunciation is often expressed by reading if and reading if. Chinese characters belong to the ideographic writing system, which evolved from the original picture writing, so that the word meaning can be determined and confirmed through the analysis of fonts, which completely conforms to the general laws of Chinese language and writing. Phonology is the material shell of language, and words are just symbols to record language. Xu Shen knew the truth that "sound and meaning depend on each other" and "meaning is rich in sound", so he attached great importance to the relationship between sound and meaning in Shuowen, and often used the clues of sound to explain the source of word meaning, which provided the later exegesis scholars with the principle of seeking meaning by sound.
4. Analyze Chinese characters with six books. Before Xu Shen, there was a legend that Cang Xie created characters based on six books. Modern philologists believe that Liu Shu is a summary of the laws of Chinese characters, rather than a pattern before the emergence of Chinese characters. Before Xu Shen, there were only six titles: pictographic, indicative, knowing, pictophonetic, Zhuan Zhu and metonymy, which were not elaborated in detail and were not widely used to analyze Chinese characters. Xu Shen developed the theory of Six Books, defined it clearly, and put it into practice. It is of great significance in the history of Chinese character development and research to analyze 9353 Chinese characters collected in Shuowen one by one, thus establishing the national style and characteristics of Chinese character research.
Shuowen Jiezi —— Its influence on later generations. For two thousand years, Shuowen Jiezi is the first book in philology and the most authoritative book. The name of its author, Xu Shen, and his representative works have become indispensable bridges and keys for future generations to read ancient books, explore ancient culture and study ancient literature.
"Shuowen" everyone Duan Yucai
After the publication of Shuowen, it quickly attracted the attention of scholars at that time, and it was often quoted when commenting on classics. For example, Zheng Xuan's annotation of Li San, Ying Shao and Jin Zhuo's annotation of Hanshu all quoted Shuowen to prove its meaning. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, scholars had a relatively complete and systematic understanding of Shuowen. The imperial examination in Tang Dynasty stipulated that Shuowen should be tested. Since the Tang Dynasty, all the exegesis of word meanings in word books, rhyme books and annotation books have been based on Shuowen.
After the publication of Shuowen, the number of researchers has been increasing. The Qing Dynasty was the peak of the study of Shuowen. There were no fewer than 200 scholars studying Shuowen in Qing Dynasty, including dozens of experts. The study of Shuowen in Qing Dynasty can be divided into four categories: one is collation and textual research, such as Yan Kejun's Shuowen Jiezi Jiaoyi and Qian Dian's Shuowen Jiezi Yinquan; Second, collate Shuowen, such as Wen Yi Yi written by Kong Guangju and Erlu People written by Yu Yue. Third, a comprehensive study of Shuowen, such as Duan Yucai's Notes on Shuowen Jiezi, Gui Fu's Proof of Shuowen Jiezi, Zhu's Shuowen Tongxun and Wang Yun's Shuowen Judu; Fourthly, collate the works of predecessors or contemporary scholars on Shuowen, such as Yan's Shuowen Collation and Wang Shaolan's Shuowen Duan Annotation Collation. Among them, the third is the most important, and these four people are also known as the "Four Great Writers". Ding's best friend compiled the previous monographs on Shuowen and other writings on Shuowen, as well as Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other materials into Shuowen Jiezi, and later collected Yi as an addendum, namely Shuowen Jiezi Collection Notes.
Shuowen is the first dictionary in the history of Chinese linguistics to analyze glyphs, explain meanings and identify pronunciations. At the same time, it founded Chinese-style linguistics-philology, and Shuowen is the representative work of philology. Shuowen has a great influence on the formation and development of traditional linguistics. Words, phonology, exegesis and other words mentioned in later generations are generally beyond the scope of Shuowen, but Shuowen itself has formed a special discipline. Shuowen preserved Biography and some essays completely and systematically, which is a bridge for China people to know more ancient Chinese characters-Oracle Bone Inscriptions and inscriptions on bronze. The interpretation of Shuowen is an important basis for China people to annotate and sort out ancient books today. So Shuowen still has great academic value and application value today.
Xu Shen, a related entry in Shuo Wen Jie Zi
Chinese character
Critical Interpretation of Ancient Literature
linguistics
phonology
Duan Yucai
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