However, a large part of the history books written by the Qing Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty are suspected of being distorted. It is good to understand that "it is better to believe in books than to have no books". You don't have to take an event or problem too seriously. If you are too tired, there will be no result.
Let me introduce some books to you.
1. Ming history
The History of the Ming Dynasty is the last of the twenty-four histories, with a total of 332 volumes, including 24 biographies, 75 chronicles, 220 biographies and table 13 volumes.
It is a biographical history of the Ming Dynasty, recording the history of more than 200 years from the first year of Hongwu of Zhu Yuanzhang (A.D. 1368) to the seventeenth year of Chongzhen in Zhu Youjian (A.D. 1644).
The number of volumes is second only to the History of Song Dynasty in the twenty-four histories, but its compilation time is long and its diligence greatly exceeds the previous history.
After its completion, it was praised by later historians as surpassing the history of Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan Dynasties.
Zhao Yi, a historian of the Qing Dynasty, said in Volume 3 1 of Notes on Twenty-two Histories: "The recent history is outside Ouyang Gong's History of the Five Dynasties. The Liao history is brief, the Song history is complicated, the Yuan history is sloppy, and the Jin history is elegant and concise, but it is not as impressive as the Ming history."
After the Qing Dynasty entered the Central Plains, the following year was the second year of Shunzhi (1645) and he returned to the sea in April (11th). Zhao, an imperial envoy, invited him to compile the History of the Ming Dynasty (note: Zhao invited him to compile the History of the Ming Dynasty, which can be found in Records of the Qing Dynasty (15) and He Guanbiao's Shunzhi Dynasty.
But there is no exact historical data to prove when the Qing court decided to compile it.
There is no imperial edict about compiling the history of Ming Dynasty in the official books of Qing Dynasty. Only a few presidents wrote a petition in May of the second year of Shunzhi in Records of Qing Ancestors. In the petition, they said, "I am deeply honored to be the president of Ming Dynasty by imperial edict" and put forward a list of vice presidents and editors.
This kind of "respecting the Oracle" is probably just an oral instruction of the first generation.
It used to be said that Ming Shi was compiled in May of the second year of Shunzhi, but the expression was really inappropriate. Accurately speaking, in May of the second year of Shunzhi, the Qing court established the editor of Ming History.
) was recognized by the Qing court.
Later, college students Quan Feng, Li Jiantai, Fan Wencheng, Gang Lin and Qi Chongge were in charge of this matter.
In May of that year, the President nominated the vice president and editor, and appointed seven bibliophiles, ten full-character transcribers and thirty-six Chinese character transcribers, which opened the prelude to the formal compilation of Ming history in Qing Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Kangxi (AD 1665), the History Museum reopened and was closed due to the compilation of A Record of the Qing Shizu.
In the eighteenth year of Kangxi (A.D. 1679), with Xu as the supervisor, he began to compile the History of Ming Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Qianlong (AD 1739), it was finalized and submitted for publication.
After three revisions, it took decades.
Ming history does have many advantages.
First of all, the style is rigorous, the narrative is clear, the text is concise, and the arrangement is proper.
Zhao Yi, a historical critic, compared the history of the Liao, Song, Jin and Yuan Dynasties with the History of the Ming Dynasty in Notes on Twenty-two Histories, and thought that "none of them is as perfect as the History of the Ming Dynasty".
Secondly, the history of Ming Dynasty is rich in historical materials.
At that time, there were many first-hand historical materials, including a full set of Ming Emperor's "Records", treasures, local chronicles, anthologies and a large number of folk historical books.
When compiling history, Zhu Yizun said in "Two Presidents in the World" that the National Library has more than 3,000 volumes of local chronicles.
In addition, Wang Shizhen's "Jin Zhi Yi" and "Guan Zhong Kao" systematically introduced the disadvantages of spy rule and eunuchs in Ming Dynasty.
All these make the compilers of Ming history have a unique advantage compared with the compilers of official history in previous dynasties.
Third, the History of the Ming Dynasty is fair in some places, and it can also be written directly.
For example, it is of great reference value to record the anti-conspiracy murder of Yuan Chonghuan set by Qing Taizong and the merits and demerits of Xiong Tingbi.
Fourthly, the Ming History has new creation in style, and there are three items in the biographies: eunuch, rogue and boss.
Eunuch dictatorship is an important issue in the history of Ming Dynasty. Biography of Yan Dang recorded the crimes of eunuchs such as Wang Zhen, Liu Jin and Wei Zhongxian.
The author of Ming History held a hostile attitude towards Li Zicheng, Zhang and other peasant uprising leaders, and at the same time made a biography for them, falsely calling them "hooligans".
This is determined by the author's class position, aiming at summing up the experience for the rulers: "As for the fall of the Ming Dynasty, it is enough for us to learn from it." However, objectively, some reliable historical materials of the peasant war in the late Ming Dynasty were reserved for future generations.
Biography of Tusi is devoted to the situation of ethnic minorities in southwest China, and it is divided into five biographies of Tusi: Huguang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi.
Although these biographies adhere to the position of national oppression and contain many slanderous words against ethnic minorities, they retain a lot of important information about ethnic minorities in this area.
Today, most of the history of ethnic minorities in China can be traced back to the early Ming Dynasty.
In addition, other chapters of Ming History also preserved many valuable historical materials for future generations, such as the description of the guards in the spy factory in Criminal Law Records, which is helpful for future generations to study this history.
2. State monopoly
Guoque is a chronological history book, which records the important historical facts of the Ming Dynasty.
Tan Qian wrote it.
Text of the book 104, the first four volumes.
* * * Five million words.
The secretary described the history of 3 17 years from the birth of Zhu Yuanzhang in the first year of Yuan Wenzong (1328), to the fall of Nanjing in 1645, and to the demise of the anti-Qing regime of the axe king.
Important historical facts of Ming Dynasty that are not mentioned in Shi Minglu: Some important events are often followed by comments from individuals and scholars.
After careful textual research on its historical facts, the materials have considerable reliability or reference value.
The history of more than 70 years after Wanli, the record of the development of Jurchen in Jianzhou, and the relationship between the late Jin Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty are particularly rare in his books.
The 17-year historical facts of Chongzhen, which are compiled and supplemented by the treasures of the base areas, local chronicles and the oral materials of the officials' adherents, also have important historical value.
However, some descriptions in the book are too brief, and some events are repeated before and after, with different opinions.
In addition, superstitious ideas such as feudal orthodox historical view, Confucian theory of destiny, Buddhism and Taoism are also strongly reflected in the book.
Because there were many derogatory remarks about Manchu in the book, it was banned at that time.
The manuscript of Guoque weighs 100 volumes, and only the manuscript has survived since Tan Qian's death. After that, it was collected in Haining, Zhejiang Province according to the manuscript of Jiang Yan Fen Caotang and the manuscript of Siming Lushi Bao Tang, and the ten volumes of Chongzhen were proofread and punctuated, with a total of 104 volumes and a total of four volumes at the beginning, * * 108 volumes.
1958 is published in six volumes by Ancient Books Publishing House.
3. What happened in the Ming Dynasty
This book is very interesting. The author is a writer now, but he has written a very interesting historical work with personal humor. You can call it a happy history that a nation is eager to know, and there are many events worth pondering and studying in detail.
However, don't define it from the viewpoint of calendar. After all, it is a book that is biased towards entertainment and promoted to the general public. Many events cannot be bound by the author's thoughts.