Book boards specially produced for hardcover books and picture albums should be preserved for more than half a year. The shrinkage of this kind of cardboard is very small, which can reduce the possibility of deformation when making book envelopes. When cutting with a paper cutter, firstly, add 2mm allowance to each side of the finished product size, and after cutting the wool sample, process the cutting bevel edge into a smooth edge, so as to eliminate the bevel edge caused by single-knife cutting and reduce foaming and edging skew after edging. The size of the board is the length of the book block plus 6mm, and the width is the width of the book block minus 2mm. ?
2. The use of medium diameter paper?
Generally, 80 ~ 240 g/m2 paper is selected. If the paper is cut vertically, the length of medium diameter paper can be taken to prevent the back of the book from being uneven after shrinkage. The middle diameter paper is equal to the length of the cover paper, and the width is the arc length of the back of the book after it passes through the circular ridge (square endorsement is the width of the back of the book plus 2 times the thickness of the cardboard). ?
3. Use of auxiliary materials?
(1) Plug cloth is first sized with starch. When sticking the plug cloth, the position should be correct and not skewed; The edges and corners of the plug cloth should be exposed outside the incision at the upper and lower ends of the book block and parallel to the incision; Stick it straight and firmly, and the margins on both sides are the same. Its length is longer than the width of the back of the book1mm. ?
(2) The gauze is made of paper pulp gauze. Its length is 22 ~ 26 mm shorter than the book block. The width is 40 mm greater than the thickness of the book block. ?
(3) Offset paper of 100 ~ 120 g/m2 is generally used for the back paper, so that the longitudinal lines follow the top and bottom of the back for easy division. ?
The book block belt is made of silk with a width of 5 ~ 8 mm, and the diagonal length of the book block is the length of the ribbon, which is usually attached to the back of the book 15 mm ...
4. The use of sealing fabric?
The size of lacquer paper cloth required by customers is: the length is cardboard plus 30mm, the width is twice the width of cardboard plus the width of medium diameter paper plus 44mm (the edge size is 15mm). After the material is ready, it should be bronzed first and then shell-made, so as to prevent the cardboard from being uneven after shell-making, resulting in insufficient bronzing, wild gold and brightness. ?
Control of book block processing?
The structures of various book blocks are different, and the modeling methods and steps are not exactly the same, but the basic treatments, such as brushing glue, sticking gauze, sticking plug cloth and stickers, are basically the same. After the first few processes, enter the flattening process. ?
1. flatten?
Because the book block is pressed, the stress can be relieved, the needle is closed, the back of the book is flattened into a right angle, the root of the book block is pressed, and the broken edge of the book block is pressed, thus preventing the steps from appearing after the book is finished. And at this time, each book will be inspected, with more posts and less posts, and the inspection responsibility mark will be made on the back of the book to ensure that the book block is not wrong. When pressing the book, the locked book block will bump, lay flat and put straight, and the pressure is appropriate, so that the tightness of the book block is consistent, that is, the thickness of the back of the guarantee book is consistent, so as to prevent the phenomenon of shrinkage, pressure and volume. ?
2. Brush glue for the first time?
After the book block is bound, a thin layer of adhesive material is coated on the back of the book at intervals to form a flexible film, so that the book block is basically shaped and will not be misplaced in the next process, and the first glue is completed. ?
3. cut books?
Three-sided cutting requirements are square, and the cutting error is small. ?
4. rounding?
The standard arc of the back of a hardcover book should be based on the thickness of the book block, and the central angle of the arc of the back of the book is about 130, but the thicker the book block, the smaller its circular potential, and the thinner the book block, the greater its circular potential. In order to unify the arc size of the book block, each book should be rounded and compared with the arc of the authoritarian mold to ensure that the arc length is consistent with the drift of the next process. When scraping the circle by hand, you can use a steam iron to fold the back of the book, put a towel on it, iron it back and forth with steam several times to soften the glue on the back of the book, and then scrape the circle by hand with a wooden hammer. This method can prevent the coated paper insert from wrinkling or sticking due to moisture, and improve the binding quality. ?
Finally, the ribbon bonding and "three bonding" work are completed according to the quality requirements. ?
How to control the making of book envelopes?
When making a book cover, first adjust the size of the mask frame, mark the width of the back of the book on the upper gauge, and keep the back of the book in the center. When putting in the cardboard, the cardboard should be tilted to the left and right sides to overcome the error when cutting the cardboard and ensure that the envelopes of each book are the same size after completion. After the book cover is completed according to the quality requirements, the four edges are scraped tightly with bamboo strips to prevent the edges from being loose and empty. Then, the seals of the two book covers are stacked in pairs, and cardboard with the same thickness as the book covers is placed at the middle seam, so that the middle diameter edge of the cover is pressed down. Each stack of newly completed books is compacted once under the control of pressure, then the cover is separated, the cushion is taken away, folded flat in one direction, and then a heavy object is pressed on it to prevent warping. Before sealing a book, the sealed book should stand in the shade and dry naturally. In the rainy season, preservatives should be added to the shell glue to prevent it from drying in the shade and naturally becoming moldy. ?
Control of book sealing process?
When sealing a book, glue is applied to the inner groove of the book sealing shell, and then try to cover the shell according to the reverse sides of the book block and the book sealing shell, so that the floating ports on the head, feet and front mouth are equal. After the groove is pressed by a groove pressing machine, it is sent to a lining sweeper to sweep the lining. The lining is pressed first and then swept, which can prevent the ring lining paper with strong moisture absorption from spitting out. ?
Next, lift the book cover above, dip it with a 7-inch wool brush and brush it evenly around from the middle of the ring lining. Then the front of the book is staggered and stacked, flattened to eliminate the residual air between the liner and the book cover, so that they can be bonded more firmly and evenly. If it is a coated paper ring liner, put a waste cover covered with film between two pages, and the film faces the book block, which helps to absorb water and prevent water from entering the ring liner and wrinkling the pages. In addition, it is also required that the sheathing personnel stick manual numbers on the ring lining to prevent the book block from being reversed. After trying to cover the shell, the book should check whether the three floating openings are consistent and whether the back and spine of the book are flat. When the lining sweeper is close to the edge, the brush should be lifted to prevent the adhesive from sticking to the incision. ?
From the emergence and development of books, we know that books have gradually developed into portable and durable materials, which are convenient for recording and copying words and pictures. Through the continuous improvement of technical methods, information can be circulated and preserved, and it has the function of announcing, expounding, storing and spreading ideas and culture.
Books are one of the important symbols of human progress and civilization. In the 20th century, books have become one of the main tools for spreading knowledge, science and technology and preserving culture. With the rapid development of science and technology, besides books, newspapers and periodicals, other tools have gradually emerged and developed. But the role of books is irreplaceable by other communication tools or means. At present, whether in China or other countries, books are still an indispensable and important communication tool to promote social, political, economic and cultural development.
The earliest books in China, which appeared in Shang Dynasty, were made of bamboo and wood. Bamboo and wood are common and easy to get. Before papermaking and printing were invented, people cut bamboo and wood into long and narrow pieces and wrote on them with a brush. Pieces cut with bamboo are called "bamboo slips", and pieces cut with wood are called "wooden slips", collectively called "bamboo slips". Jane usually only writes one line. If she makes a mistake, she will scrape it off with a knife and rewrite it. Therefore, in ancient times, she called the deleted articles "deletion", which has been used ever since. The format of books is large and small, and ancient bamboo slips are long and short. The longest is three feet, and the shortest is only five inches. It takes a lot of Jane to write a book, and connecting these Jane books together becomes a "book". Hemp rope is mostly used to weave books, and silk rope (called "silk weaving") or pimp (called "Wei weaving") is also used. Bian Wei's Three Musts mentioned in ancient books refer to Confucius, a famous thinker. Because he often reads the Book of Changes, his sword has been worn out for three times. According to the length of Jane's letters, how many books should be compiled? Generally, two or three books should be compiled, and many books should be compiled four or five. The word "volume" representing the number of books is a hieroglyph, much like the way a rope connects the simplified Chinese version.
Bamboo slips were widely used as books in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there was also a book written on silk-Silk Book, which was lighter and easier to write than bamboo slips, but it was expensive, so the number of silk books was far less than that of bamboo slips. Paper books appeared again in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Paper books are light, easy to write and cheap, and are very popular with people. After that, paper books gradually became popular. In the Jin Dynasty, paper books completely replaced bamboo slips and silk books.