1. What is the purpose of explaining the origin of the topic at the beginning of the speech? Which sentence reveals the center of the entire discussion?
- Explain the origin and purpose of the topic at the beginning of the article. It is to explain that although the title comes from two sentences in the ancient books "Book of Rites" and "Laozi", they are different from the original meaning of the original sentences and were "quoted out of context". Such an explanation can not only prevent the listener from confusing the title with the original meaning of the sentences in "Book of Rites" and "Laozi", but also show the scientific nature of the discussion and the interest of the lecture; at the same time, the reason for the title can also be easily revealed. The main points of the discussion will give the listener a general understanding of the outline of the speech.
2. How does the author explain what "respect" means? How does the author explain how to achieve "dedication"?
- In the sixth paragraph, the author explains what "respect" means, citing After Zhu Xi's famous saying "The master is respectful when he is not comfortable", he closely matched it with his own popular explanation: "Whenever you do one thing, be loyal to one thing, concentrate all your energy on it, and not focus on it at all. It is respect." Then it is logically discussed that all legitimate human labor and serious things are "respectable in nature", and the two incidents of "being a president" and "pulling a rickshaw" are used to prove it, focusing on "Every profession is respectable", "Because of one's own talents and status, if you do a kind of work to perfection, you will be the first-class person in the world."
The seventh paragraph discusses how to do it When it comes to "dedication", first quote and explain the sentences in "Zhuangzi", and then use the carpenter to make a good table, the politician to build a country and a country, the dung picker to clean the toilet, and These two examples of soldiers defeating a pressing enemy force illustrate that no matter what you do, you must "not be distracted at all" (i.e., "dedication"). Then he discussed the harm of "a person who is disrespectful to his profession" from the negative side, pointed out that "professionalism is the most necessary and most beneficial to life", and quoted the famous sayings of Zhuangzi and Confucius to further emphasize the importance of professionalism. The natural combination of examples and quotations makes the article's reasoning invincible.
3. What examples does the author give to discuss the importance of "happy industry", and how does he discuss the principle of "happy industry"?
- The author in the eighth paragraph The article analyzes the example of lamenting "hard work" that is often encountered in life, explaining that we should "find happiness from hard work", and naturally come to the "happiness" of "enjoying work". Then, he goes one step further and discusses the principle of "pleasure in career", explaining in four points that "all occupations are interesting." This is the author's experience and convincing. Then he quoted two famous sayings of Confucius to further prove that "life can be interesting from one's own occupation" (i.e. "pleasure in industry"), "only life has value", and "this kind of life" can be regarded as "the ideal life of mankind" .
4. What is the biggest feature of writing this article?
The biggest characteristic of this speech in terms of argumentation is the large number of quotations from classics and aphorisms. The Confucian "Book of Rites" and "The Analects of Confucius", Confucius, Zhu Xi, and Zeng Guofan, the Taoist "Laozi" and "Zhuangzi", and the Buddhist Zen Master Baizhang are all used by the author to demonstrate his point of view.
5. How should we understand the meaning of "dedication"?
"Industry" is not limited to occupations in the narrow sense. As the author said: "Anything that can be called a thing is respectable in nature." Therefore, the meaning of "dedication and happiness" is not limited to formal occupations, but can also refer to anything in life. Things of value; not just adult work, but also student learning. Pointing this out can expand the scope of application of Liang Qichao’s propositions, and also help students read this article in connection with their own life experiences.
6. How to deeply understand the spirit of "dedication"?
We can understand Liang Qichao's good intentions in advocating "dedication and happiness" based on the specific background of traditional Chinese culture. Traditional Chinese culture is a hierarchical culture. The Chinese people's career outlook has always been that "everything is inferior, only reading is high", and people's purpose of reading is "to learn and be good will be an official", "to be a farmer in court, "Ascending to the Emperor's Hall at dusk". This official-oriented culture extremely despises ordinary occupations, especially manual labor. People regard getting ahead and showing their relatives as a way to realize the value of life. Therefore, Liang's theory of "dedication" has a positive effect in correcting the world's morals and improving the national character.
Summary
The first part (1) reveals the center of the entire discussion.
The second part (2-6) discusses the importance of dedication and joy in work.
The third part (7) summarizes the whole article and encourages people to be dedicated and happy in their work.