Question 1: Which place does the Central Plains of China refer to? The name of the Central Plains region is generally used, often referring to the "middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River", with Henan Province as the main body, including southern Hebei Province, southern Shanxi Province, Shandong Parts of the western part of the province, northwestern Jiangsu Province, and northern Anhui Province.
Question 2: Where does the Central Plains region refer? The modern Central Plains region generally refers to the Greater Central Plains region in a broad sense, that is, the "middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River region", with Henan Province as the center, covering the surrounding southern Hebei Province, western Shandong Province, Covering vast areas such as northwest Jiangsu Province, northern Anhui Province, and southeastern Shanxi, the Central Plains region has been the core region that has dominated the development of the entire Chinese civilization since ancient times. It was not only the location of the political, economic and cultural center for most of Chinese history, but also the It is the place where the Chinese nation was formed and lived in the early days, and it is also the ancestral home of most Chinese people today.
In the narrow sense, the Central Plains generally refers to Henan Province. Henan is also known as "Central Plains" and "Zhongzhou". It was also called "China" and "Zhongtu" in history. It has a long history and profound cultural heritage. Historians generally believe that Henan has played an important and decisive role in the history and development of the entire Chinese nation. Henan has also been one of the long-term political, economic and cultural centers of China from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the Northern Song Dynasty. Henan is one of the most important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. More than 4,000 years ago, Henan was Yuzhou, the center of China's nine states, so it was called "Yu" for short; later it was also called "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". For most of Chinese history, the political, economic and cultural center was in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. Since the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in Chinese history, established its capital in Henan, there have been Xia, Shang, Western Zhou (formed into Zhou Luoyi), Eastern Zhou, More than 20 dynasties, including the Western Han (early), Eastern Han, Cao Wei, Western Jin, Northern Wei, Sui, Tang (including Wu Zhou), Five Dynasties, Northern Song and Jin, had their capitals in Henan. There are four of the eight ancient capitals in China in Henan Province, namely Luoyang, the ancient capital of the Thirteen Dynasties, Kaifeng, the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties, Zhengzhou, the ancient capital of the Xia and Shang Dynasties, Anyang, the ancient capital of the Seven Dynasties of Yin and Ye, Shangqiu, the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties, and Nanyang, the imperial hometown of the Southern Capital. Xuchang, the former capital of Cao Wei, and other ancient capitals. However, Henan is also an area with the highest concentration of wars and disasters in Chinese history. Many ethnic groups, races, and countries compete for control of the Central Plains. At different times in history, large numbers of people from the Central Plains moved to foreign lands to escape war, which greatly promoted the development of many parts of the motherland and the spread of Chinese civilization. The Central Plains region is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the cradle of the Chinese nation.
Question 3: What places does the Central Plains refer to? In the narrow sense, the Central Plains refers to the area around present-day Henan Province;
In the broad sense, the Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, or to the entire Yellow River Basin.
Huyuan "starts from Bingzhou Shangdang in the north, to Sizhou Hongnong in the west, to Yangzhou Huainan in the east, and to Xincai and Anfeng in the middle." This range mainly covers present-day Henan, and also includes southern Shanxi. A few places in western Jiangsu and northwest Anhui.
"The origin of the Hakkas is in the entire ancient Central Plains, specifically the vast area south of the Great Wall and north of the Yangtze River." In this way, the Central Plains mentioned above is a "little Central Plains". During the three major migrations of the Hakka ancestors in more than 900 years, "they passed through other vast areas besides the Heluo area". It was influenced by Qinlong culture, Yanzhao culture, Jinzhao culture, Qilu culture, Jingchu culture, and Wuyue culture. "It can be seen how vast the "ancient Central Plains" area is.
Question 4: What places are included in the Central Plains? From the perspective of history and ancient books, the broad Central Plains region specifically refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.
The meaning of the contemporary Central Plains has been narrowed compared with ancient times, specifically referring to most of Henan and adjacent areas.
The middle reaches of the Yellow River: most of Shanxi, central and northern Shaanxi, and central and western Henan.
The lower reaches of the Yellow River: eastern Henan, central and southern Hebei, and western Shandong
The historical boundaries of the Central Plains region:
The northern boundary is northern Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, and northern Hebei.
South to Qinling-Funiu Mountain, northern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu,
East to western Shandong,
West to Longdong, Tianshui area
Its core is centered on the three provinces of Shanxi, Shaanxi and Henan, which is proved by archaeological and historical documents
There are many ancient capitals in the Central Plains, especially Chang'an, Luoyang and Kaifeng. Yong's "Burial Scripture Wings" once mentioned: Chang'an in Guanzhong is the backbone of the world and the head of the Central Plains. Luoyang in Henan is the quintessence of the Central Plains in the world.
The definition of the Central Plains in ancient historical books. Scope:
Northern boundary - Taiyuan (North Gate of the Central Plains), Zhangjiakou Yehuling, Hebei area south of Beijing
Jin Dynasty's "Guo Jinyang" "Cheng Shushi": "The north gate of the Central Plains has a majestic situation. I want to see the city tower in the clouds and smoke. " (Jinyang is now Taiyuan)
"Records of the Ming Dynasty? The 14th year of Yongle": "Fuwei Beijing, overlooking the Central Plains in the south. "
"Lingbei Xing" of the Yuan Dynasty: "The Central Plains is limited to the Xiling in the north and south, and the wild fox is higher than the top of Dageng" (Xiling refers to the mountains of Dama, and the wild fox is the wild fox ridge in Zhangbei).
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Southern boundary——Qinling Mountains-Funiu Mountain
"Departure of the Master": "The Central Plains will be settled in the north and the old capital will be returned.
" (Shu is located in the south of the Qinling Mountains)
Eastern boundary - Huai'an
"Deng Chuzhou City": "Three miles from here to the Central Plains, there is a jade belt The world is horizontal. "(Chuzhou, now Huai'an, Jiangsu)
The western boundary - Longnan and Tianshui in Gansu, Guyuan in Ningxia and Yulin in Shaanxi
"The Romance of the Three Kingdoms": "Shu The soldiers have arrived at Qishan and invaded the Central Plains. Can you just sit back and watch? "(Qishan Mountain is located in the area of ??Longnan and Tianshui, and troops approaching Qishan Mountain means entering the Central Plains)
Ming Dynasty's "Famous Mountain Collection": "Shaanxi Province is the gateway to the Central Plains. "(The three towns of the Ming Dynasty are today's three towns of Yulin, Shaanxi and Guyuan, Ningxia)
Question 5: Which provinces did the ancient Central Plains refer to? It is generally believed that the ancient Central Plains refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The center of the area where the Huaxia tribes are concentrated is ancient Yuzhou. With the great integration of the Chinese people and the expansion of the Chinese culture or Zhou culture, the Huaxia tribe living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River regarded themselves as civilized. Called China to distinguish it from the four barbarians. Some of the surrounding areas that were still barbarians during the Xia and Shang dynasties were included in the Central Plains cultural area during the Kangxi era with the spread of Chinese culture. In addition to today's Henan Province, it mainly includes parts of Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Shandong and other provinces.
In modern times, the Central Plains region is generally used, which mainly refers to Henan in a narrow sense; in a broad sense, it refers to the "middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River." Regions", including:
Henan
Southern Hebei Province
Southern Shanxi Province
Western Shandong Province
Northwest Jiangsu Province
Anhui Province
Northern Hubei Province
Question 6: In ancient times, the Central Plains refers to which areas are now centered on Henan Province, including The surrounding areas include southern Hebei Province, western Shandong Province, northwestern Jiangsu Province, northern Anhui Province, and southeastern Shanxi Province, as shown below
Question 7: What region does the Central Plains refer to? The term "Zhongyuan" has a narrow meaning. Broadly speaking. Generally refers to the Central Plains in a narrow sense, that is, specifically to Henan Province. The "Central Plains" in a broad sense is a vast area centered on Henan and penetrating into parts of the provinces adjacent to Henan. "Ciyuan" explains "Central Plains": "The Central Plains in the narrow sense refers to the area around present-day Henan. The Central Plains in the broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River, mainly Henan Province." The Central Plains has been the core region that has dominated the development of the entire Chinese civilization since ancient times. The political, economic and cultural center for most of history.
The Central Plains generally refers to Henan Province. Henan is also known as "Central Plains" and "Zhongzhou". In history, it has also been called "China", "Zhongtu", "Huaxia" and "Shenzhou". Henan has a long history and profound cultural heritage in the Central Plains. Historians generally believe that Henan in the Central Plains has played the most decisive role in the history and development of the entire Chinese nation. The Central Plains we are talking about now generally refers to Henan Province. In fact, the Central Plains refers to Henan for a simple reason: in ancient times, there was a saying that "whoever conquers the Central Plains conquers the world", and Henan was also the long-term political, economic and cultural center of China from the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors to the Northern Song Dynasty.
Henan is the most important birthplace of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation. More than 4,000 years ago, Henan was Yuzhou, the center of China's nine states, so it was called "Yu" for short, and was also known as "Zhongzhou" and "Central Plains". Henan is the main place where the Chinese nation lived in the early days, and it is also the ancestral home of most Chinese people today. The political, economic and cultural center for most of Chinese history has been in Henan. Since the Xia Dynasty, the first dynasty in Chinese history, established its capital in Henan, it has successively included Xia, Shang, Western Zhou (formed into Zhou Luoyi), Eastern Zhou, Western Han ( More than 20 dynasties such as the Early Period), Eastern Han Dynasty, Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Northern Wei Dynasty, Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty (including Wu Zhou Dynasty), Five Dynasties, Northern Song Dynasty and Jin Dynasty had their capitals in Henan. Henan Province alone accounts for four of the eight ancient capitals in China, including Zhengzhou, the ancient capital of Xia and Shang, Anyang, the ancient capital of Shang, Luoyang, the ancient capital of thirteen dynasties, and Kaifeng, the ancient capital of seven dynasties. However, Henan is also an area with the highest concentration of wars and disasters in Chinese history. At different periods in history, large numbers of Henan people moved to foreign lands to escape war, which greatly promoted the development of many parts of the motherland and the advancement of Chinese civilization. spread. This is the birthplace of Chinese civilization and the cradle of the Chinese nation.
Question 8: Which places did the Central Plains in the Spring and Autumn Period refer to? Today’s Henan Province and its surrounding areas
It was during the Spring and Autumn Period that the word Zhongyuan began to mean the Central Plains region. . "Zuo Zhuan? The Twenty-Three Years of Duke Xi" records that Chong'er, the prince of Jin, went into exile in Chu State and was treated favorably by King Chu Cheng. When asked how to repay Chu State, Chong'er replied: "If you use your spirit as a king, you can rebel against Jin Dynasty." In the state of Jin and Chu, when they encounter the Central Plains, they will take charge of the three houses. If they are not ordered to do so, they will hold a whip on the left and a chak on the right to deal with the king. "The Central Plains here has the meaning of region. . "Guoyu? Jinyu III" records that on the issue of whether to accept the king of Jin, some people advocated killing him. Gongsun Zhi said: "No. It shames the people of the great country in the Central Plains and kills their king to punish him. The son wants to avenge his father. , I want to report to you. Although Qin is a small country, what trouble does it have in the world? "The Central Plains here means the vassal states of the Central Plains."
In 482 AD, after Wu King Fu Chai met with Jin, Lu, and Zhou in Huangchi, King Wu gained the dominance of the vassal states. King Wu ordered "Wang and Sun Gou to report to Zhou". There is a sentence in it that says "In the past, people from Chu were not allowed to do anything." Dao, I don't accept the king's affairs. My ancestors, who are far away from the country of one or two brothers, can't bear it. They are wearing armor and holding swords, and they are driven to Baiju in the Central Plains by King Zhao of Chu. Regardless of his intention, the Chu army was defeated, and the king left his country and ended up in Ying." The Central Plains mentioned in the retelling of the deeds of our ancestors refers to today's Henan Province.
Around the Han Dynasty, the term "Central Plains" mostly referred to the Henan area. Regarding the Seven Kingdoms Rebellion that occurred during the period of Emperor Jing of the Han Dynasty, Zhufuyan commented: "However, we cannot invade the vast territory in the west and live in the Central Plains." This is because "the virtues of the first emperor have not declined, and the people who are content with the land and customs have not declined, so the princes No help from outside the country.” ("Historical Records? Biography of the Lord Pingjin Marquis") The Central Plains here refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Xu Le once mentioned the Central Plains when explaining the "disintegration" in a letter to Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, "What is disintegration? The soldiers of Wu, Chu, Qi, and Zhao are the same. The seven kingdoms conspired to become a great rebellion, and they were all called the King of Ten Thousand Chariots, wearing armor. Hundreds of thousands, the power is enough to control the territory, and the wealth is enough to persuade the people, but they can't conquer the land in the west, and they are in the Central Plains. What's the reason? It's not that their power is less than that of an ordinary man and their soldiers are weaker than Chen She's. At this time, the virtue of the former emperor has not declined, and the people are contented with the customs, so the princes have no external help. Therefore, it is said that the world's troubles are not disintegrated." ("Han Shu? Xu Le Biography") This is. It is said that the kings of Wu and Chu were captured in the Central Plains.
Of course, in the Han Dynasty and after, the term "Central Plains" referring to the wilderness still existed in history books. For example, when Sima Xiangru was on an envoy to the southwestern barbarians, he once said: In order to pass down the land to descendants and make it famous to future generations, " Therefore, a wise man and a gentleman will smear the liver and brain in the Central Plains, and the ointment will moisten the wild grass without hesitation." ("Historical Records? Biography of Sima Xiangru") Before Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty attacked South Vietnam, King Liu An of Huainan wrote a letter to admonish: "There are no barking dogs in this area, which will cause the death of your Majesty's soldiers, expose the Central Plains, stain the valleys, and the people on the borders. For this reason, Yan Kai should be closed early, and Chao will not be able to do so in the evening. His majesty attaches great importance to the security of the minister." ("Han Shu? Yan Zhu Zhuan") In the last years of Xin Mang, Wang Mang ordered Lian Dan to attack the Red Eyebrow Army in Shandong, and Lian Dan recruited Feng Yan. When expressing his opinion, Feng Yan asked him to observe the changes of the times and persuaded him: "How can he overwhelm the Central Plains with his army, leave his body in the grassland, lose his fame and glory, and be ashamed of his ancestors?" ("Book of the Later Han Dynasty? Biography of Feng Yan") in "The Later Han Dynasty" The Central Plains mentioned in volumes such as "Book of Ma Rong" and "Book of the Later Han Dynasty: Huangfu Gui" still retain their original meaning.
Zhuge Liang said in "Departure List": "Now the position has been decided, the soldiers and armor are sufficient, and the three armies will be rewarded and led to the Central Plains in the north. The common people will be exhausted and the slaves will be dull, the traitors will be eliminated, the Han Dynasty will be restored, and the Han Dynasty will be restored." In the old capital. "Here Zhongyuan refers to the Central Plains region. By the Jin Dynasty, especially the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Central Plains region began to be widely accepted as a geographical concept. According to incomplete statistics, there are 55 volumes of the "Book of Jin" involving the word "Central Plains", which appears 92 times, with the highest frequency of occurrence in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and most of them are related to the ambition of the Jin Dynasty's monarchs and ministers to restore the Central Plains, such as "Central Plains" "Destroyed", "Central Plains in chaos", "Central Plains annihilated", "Central Plains overflowed with death", "Central Plains in chaos", "Central Plains in chaos", "Central Plains restored", "Central Plains transformed", "Central Plains are in chaos" Etc., these words not only reveal the Eastern Jin people's Central Plains complex, but also reflect that the Central Plains has become a relatively fixed geographical unit during the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Later, the Song, Qi, Liang, Chen and other dynasties living in the Jiangnan region all followed the geographical concept of the Central Plains since the Eastern Jin Dynasty, which naturally included a strong attachment to the Central Plains.