Let’s talk about the application of remote sensing technology in Yangquan Mine Investigation
Remote sensing technology can intuitively, quickly and accurately conduct comprehensive surveys and monitoring of coal mine investigation areas. Remote sensing technology was used to carry out remote sensing investigation and monitoring of the development and utilization status of mineral resources, mining environment and mineral resource planning implementation in Yangquan, and certain results were achieved.
Abstract: Yangquan is one of the important mineral concentration areas in Shanxi Province. It is rich in mineral resources, but the mining order is chaotic and the mining environment is poor. This paper expounds the working method of remote sensing technology in mine investigation, uses this method to effectively investigate and monitor the development and utilization status of mineral resources, mine environment and mineral resource planning implementation in the area, and uses fuzzy mathematics method to evaluate the working area environment. , two specific examples are given to provide technical support and decision-making basis for the mining management department to obtain objective data on mineral resource development, formulate mineral resource planning, rectify the order of mineral resource development, and manage the geological environment of mines.
Keywords: remote sensing; mine survey; mine environment; mineral resources; Yangquan
In recent years, with the continuous development of science and technology, remote sensing technology has been widely and effectively used. The demand for mineral resources from my country's economic development continues to increase, and the problem of extensive mining of mineral resources has arisen. Mineral resources are the lifeblood of our people's lives and social and economic development. If their exploitation is not effectively supervised, it will produce great waste and cause huge damage to the environment. In order to obtain objective basic data in a timely manner, in 2006, the China Geological Survey of the Ministry of Land and Resources launched the multi-target remote sensing survey and monitoring of mineral resources development in my country. Its main goal is to use advanced remote sensing technology to conduct remote sensing surveys and dynamic monitoring of mineral resource development and utilization status, mine environment and mineral resource planning implementation in my country's important mineralization belts, mineral concentration areas and planning areas, and to obtain timely information. Objective data form a comprehensive analysis and evaluation report, providing technical support and decision-making basis for the Ministry of Land and Resources to formulate mineral resource planning, maintain sustainable development and utilization of mineral resources, maintain mining order and comprehensively improve the mining environment.
Remote Sensing refers to the use of electromagnetic wave detection instruments such as visible light, infrared electromagnetic waves, and microwaves from long-distance high altitudes and various platforms in outer space, through photography and scanning, information induction, transmission and Processing, thereby studying the interrelationship and changes in the shape, size, position and environment of ground objects and modern science and technology [1].
Foreign countries use remote sensing technology to carry out remote sensing surveys and monitoring of mining concentrated areas, mainly in the following aspects: first, qualitative evaluation of environmental problems caused by surface mining and mineral rights land reclamation; second, Qualitatively analyze the degree to which land use, surface water, groundwater and soil quality in mining areas are affected by mineral development; third, study the relationship between surface deformation, groundwater changes and surface vegetation changes caused by underground mining.
As early as 1969, the United States organized a mine environment and disaster monitoring project implemented by the Mine Division of the Federal Department of Land Conservation, which achieved obvious disaster prevention and reduction effects. They also used remote sensing technology to monitor the impacts of coal mining. The waste pile shall be dynamically monitored to prevent spontaneous combustion of the waste pile. Ferrier et al. used imaging spectroscopy technology to conduct a long-term follow-up survey of Rodaquilar, the largest copper mine in Spain, and analyzed the reasons why over-exploitation of copper mines caused ground subsidence and seriously affected the mining of other resources, and predicted the development trend of this technology [2 -3].
1 Working methods of remote sensing technology in mine investigation
The purpose and method of this work are to find out the mineralization geological background of Yangquan area and according to the important geological conditions in the area. The situation of mineral mineralization areas, comprehensive use of remote sensing technology, extraction and on-site inspection and verification of information on mineral development and utilization status, implementation of mineral resource planning and environmental problems caused by mining development and utilization, and based on statistical results, mine development status, Comprehensive evaluation of mine environmental conditions and implementation of mineral resource planning.
1.1 Data collection
Collect and sort out the physical geography of the work area (mainly including geographical location, village names, roads, railways, etc.), geology and minerals, mining environment, mineral resource planning, mineral rights Data (the latest mineral rights data of the year is required to prepare for later analysis of mineral development and utilization) and other information, collect 1:50 000 scale topographic map and DEM data of the work area; in the early stage, it is also necessary to conduct field surveys of the work area to determine some obvious The location of the feature type to prepare for the establishment of interpretation signs.
1.2 Selection and preprocessing of remote sensing data sources
According to the scope of the work area and survey scale, this work area uses SPOT with data panchromatic 2.5 m resolution and 10 m multi-spectral combination -5 data.
Digital image processing content mainly includes radiation correction, orthorectification and image enhancement of original data, and finally produces high-quality remote sensing images that meet standards, improves image recognition rate, obtains accurate information about various resources or environments, and improves interpretation. Apply effects.
1.3 Mine information extraction
The content of information extraction includes mineral resource development information (such as mining surface, mining points, etc.), mine environment information (such as dumpsite, etc.), geology Disaster information (such as landslides, debris flows, etc.) and other aspects. Before information extraction, the interpretation flag of the workspace should be established. After the information is extracted, the necessary attributes should be attached according to the interpretation situation to determine the patches that require field investigation.
1.4 Field investigation
After the information extraction is completed, on-site investigation must be carried out. GPS means should be used to identify the doubtful map spots (such as the map where the mining surface and the dump site cannot be clearly distinguished). 100% verification shall be conducted for all illegal drawings (such as drawings that are not within the scope of the mineral rights but cross-border mining surfaces, and drawings without mineral rights mining surfaces).
1.5 Modification of interpretation information
Based on the actual situation of the field survey, modify and improve the patterns that have questions or interpretation errors in the early indoor interpretation. There are mainly two situations: First, when interpreting, the drawings of the mining surface and the dumping site must be strictly separated, and the mining surface should be refined, because in the later statistics of the mine area, the mining surface and the dumping site must be strictly separated. The fields must be counted separately; secondly, although the pattern occupied by the mining point is also called the mining surface, when the attributes are linked, this mining surface cannot be included in the mining surface vector file and must be distinguished from the mining surface of open-pit mining. .
1.6 Result Statistics
Perform attribute statistics on the information after interpretation and verification by category. After all the post-interpretation is completed, the attributes of each pattern must be linked. For example, the mining surface is defined as ?10? in the land occupation mode attribute, and the dump site is defined as ?3A?. Through a series of attribute hooks, the interpreted patch information can be accurately classified and finally counted.
1.7 Comprehensive analysis and evaluation
Based on the statistical results, analyze the mineral resource development status, mine environmental status, and mineral resource planning implementation in the work area, and evaluate the applicability and effectiveness of remote sensing data sources. Necessity, mining development trends, mining environment development trends, etc. The flow chart of mine remote sensing survey work method is shown in Figure 1.
2 Specific application examples of remote sensing technology in mine investigation
Take a coal mine suspected of being mined without a license in the suburbs of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province as an example. This site is located in the suburbs of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province. It is an open-pit coal mine and corresponds to the No. 06 map. During the on-site investigation, the site was nominally building a road, but its scale of operations far exceeded the scope of road construction. The stope is huge, about 1 km wide from east to west. There are many excavators and transport vehicles in the site. They are expanding from north to south. The machinery is roaring and dust is flying. The working level is far lower than the road level. Coal seams have been found in the southeast and southwest of the spot. It is exposed and has mechanical operations; the dump site is large in scale. During the on-site investigation, the actual situation in Tuban compared with the images has changed. There is no mining rights data here, and it is suspected that the coal mine is being mined without a license. The interpretation results are shown in Figure 2 on page 72.
A schematic diagram of the landslide hazards and spontaneous coal seam combustion points in a village dump in Yangquan City, Shanxi Province, see Figure 3 on page 72. The source of the landslide material is solid waste discharged from nearby abandoned open-pit coal mines. The discharge has now been stopped. The dump site is about 30 m above the ground, with a steep slope. The material is mostly loose soil, the structure is relatively loose, and there is no effective protection. There is a potential landslide risk in the factory area on the eastern edge; the spontaneous combustion point of the coal seam is the spontaneous combustion of the coal seam outcrop where the covering soil was stripped during road construction, and the scale is small.
3 Conclusion
In this work, remote sensing technology was used to conduct remote sensing investigation and monitoring of Yangquan’s mineral resource development and utilization status, mine environment and mineral resource planning implementation, and achieved results. Certain results.
1) For the remote sensing images of Yangquan, we used radiation correction, orthorectification, image enhancement and other methods to produce a set of high-resolution data, creating a favorable basis for information extraction.
2) Taking GIS as the core of data processing. ArcGIS, MapGIS and other software are comprehensively used, using remote sensing technology as the basis for data acquisition and updating, and using field exploration and research as auxiliary means to carry out remote sensing investigation and monitoring of mineral resource development and utilization status, mine environment and mineral resource planning implementation. .
3) Monitored the mine development order in Yangquan, basically identified the mine development status in the work area, conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the mine development order and development and utilization status, and further investigated suspected illegal mining. The rules are summarized.
4) The mine geological environment in Yangquan was monitored, the mining environment conditions in the working area were quickly and accurately identified, the changes in land area occupied by mining activities were comparatively analyzed, and the relationship between mine development and mining activities was summarized. The relationship between land resource destruction, mine geological environment changes and other projects has been analyzed in depth.
5) Investigate the implementation of Yangquan’s mineral resources planning, analyze and evaluate the mineral resources mining planning, mine ecological management and restoration planning, and put forward planning suggestions.
This work found out that the implementation of the mineral resources mining plan in the work area is average, mainly because the actual number of mining rights far exceeds the number of mining rights planned; it was found out that the ecological environment of the mines in the work area The implementation of treatment and restoration plans is average, and many abandoned open-pit coal mines have not been effectively backfilled and treated.
6) Conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the mining geological environment in Yangquan, and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of factors such as physical geography, mining activity occupation, mining geological disasters, and mining ecological environment restoration and management that have a greater impact on the mining environment in the work area. rating, and a comprehensive assessment zoning map of the mine's geological environment was compiled.
7) Established a series of interpretation marks for remote sensing image interpretation in Yangquan, and established an environmental classification assessment model for the mine geological environment assessment in the work area, laying the foundation for future work in this area. .
Through this work, it was found that remote sensing technology can intuitively, quickly and accurately conduct comprehensive surveys and monitoring of coal mine investigation areas. The application of remote sensing technology breaks through spatial and geographical restrictions, can effectively crack down on hidden illegal mines, and can effectively supervise the restoration and management of the mine environment.
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