Green is taken from blue, and green is blue; Ice, water, but colder than water. Wood is straight in the rope, not a wheel, and its curve is in the gauge. Although there is a crisis, those who stop coming forward will make it happen. Therefore, the wood is straight by the rope, the gold is sharp, the gentleman is knowledgeable, and he saves himself every day, so he knows clearly without fault.
So, if you don't climb the mountain, you don't know the height of the sky. Don't face the deep stream, I don't know the thickness of the ground; I didn't know the greatness of learning until I heard the last words of my late king. The sons of Gan, Yue, Yi and Xun were born in unison, long and different, and naturally educated. The poem says, "Dear Sir, there is no constant rest. Jing * * *, good is integrity. Listen to God and you will be blessed. " God is greater than Tao, and joy is greater than harmlessness. (Not in this textbook)
Think all day long, it is better to learn it in a moment; I've tasted it and I'm looking forward to it. Let's go hiking. Climb a trick, the arm does not lengthen, but the person you see is far away; Call with the wind, the sound does not add disease, but the listener is obvious. Those who cheat horses are not good enough, but cause thousands of miles; A man who pretends to be a boat can't swim, but he can't swim. The life of a gentleman is the same, and the goodness lies in personal leave.
In the south, there is a bird named Meng Dui, whose nest is feathers, whose hair is woven and whose reed is tied. When the wind breaks, the egg broken child dies. The nest is endless, but so are the people connected with it. There is a kind of wood in the west called Shegan. Its stem is four inches long, and it was born on a high mountain. However, in the abyss, the wooden pole can't grow out, but it stands naturally. In the bitter fleabane bitter fleabane, I can't bear to go straight; White sand is nirvana, and it is black. Lan Huaigen is a cheese, but he grows up, and the gentleman is not close, so he refuses to accept it. Its quality is not beautiful, but it is also gradual. Therefore, a gentleman must choose his hometown when he is born, and he must be a scholar when he travels. Therefore, we must also guard against evil and righteousness.
Everything has a beginning and an end. When honor or disgrace comes, it will be like virtue. Meat rots into adults, and fish withers into moths. Ignoring and forgetting your body is a disaster. Strong cultivation, soft cultivation. Evil is in the body, and resentment is in the structure. Wages are the same, the fire is dry, the ground is the same, and the water is wet. Vegetation is born, birds and animals are numerous, and things are human beings. Is a piece of nature, bows and arrows are very important; Lin, and the axe is heavy; Trees provide shade, but birds rest. Acyl acid, but Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. Therefore, words are troublesome, actions are humiliating, and gentlemen are cautious about words! (Not in this textbook)
Accumulated soil becomes mountains, and the wind and rain are prosperous; The water drops merged into the ocean and the dragon was born; Accumulate goodness into virtue, the gods are complacent, and the sacred heart is prepared. Therefore, you can't take Wan Li Road without accumulating steps; If you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be a river. Leap, not ten steps; This is a great contribution to the success of Ma Xu. Perseverance, rotten wood can't be carved; Perseverance, the stone can be carved. Earthworms do not have the advantages of minions, and their bones and muscles are strong. They eat the earth and drink the yellow land with their hearts. The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. It's not that the snake hole has no sustenance, it's also impetuous.
Therefore, people with ulterior motives have no bright future; He made much ado about nothing, which has nothing to do with hehe. Those who follow the right path will not come, and those who follow the right path will not allow it. Eyes can't see, ears can't hear. The viper flies without feet, and the mouse is poor in five skills. "Poetry" said: "The corpse dove is in Sang, and her son is seven. A good gentleman with noble character is always a polite person. His appearance is clumsy and his heart is like a knot! " Therefore, a gentleman is bound by one.
I used to play drums, but the fish flowed out to listen; Boya Guqin, while Liu Ma raises Yuan. Therefore, the sound is not small but not heard, and the line is not hidden but not shaped. Jade is moist in the mountains, pearls are born in the deep, and cliffs are not withered. Do good without accumulating evil? Did anyone not hear?
Learn evil from scratch? Evil in the end? Yue: its number begins with chanting and ends with reading ceremony; Its significance begins with being a scholar and ends with being a saint. If you really accumulate strength for a long time, you will enter, and if you learn, you will stop. Therefore, there is an end to the number of students. If it is just, it cannot be abandoned for a moment. For it, people are also; Give up, so do animals. Therefore, this book is the discipline of political affairs; Poet, the stop of the middle voice; Etiquette, the main points of law, class discipline. Therefore, learning must stop at ceremony. Husband is called the extreme of morality. The respect of ceremony, the harmony of music, the abundance of poetry and books, the micro-spring and autumn, between heaven and earth. The learning of a gentleman is also in the ear, in the heart, in the four bodies, and in the dynamic shape. Finally, as long as you move, you can become a law. The knowledge of villains is also heard, not spoken; Between the mouth and ears, four inches, seven feet of beauty! Ancient scholars were themselves, and today's scholars are people.
2. Classical Chinese translation of Dongpo's original text: Gong Jing was built in Jianzhong, and Pogong returned from the north, which was envied by Buju.
Yang Xian's scholars are afraid to swim with them. Shao is an independent scholar. He learns from Poe.
My in-laws also like him. From time to time with Zhang Ce across the bridge, happy to see the villagers.
Shao bought a house for Po for 500 yuan, and Po had to pay for his own bag. It was another day when Buju entered the room.
In the evening, I happen to coincide with Shao, and occasionally go to the village entrance to hear the extremely sad voice of women's musical instruments. Slope leaned against it and said, "What a pity! Did you touch his inner love? I will ask. "
Then he and Shao pushed the door and went in. An old woman saw Poe crying. In-laws asked what was the saddest thing? Yu said: "I have a house, which has been passed down for a hundred years. I am so conservative that I am here."
My son is a black sheep and can be sold to others. I immigrated here today.
Once I left my hometown for a century, I cried. "Slope, also sad.
Ask him where his former residence is, and you will get 500 feet. Because of repeated comfort, he said, "I sold my former residence in Gui, so there is no need to feel sorry for it."
I was the one who ordered the house certificate to be taken away and burned. He called his son and ordered his mother to go back to her former residence the next day, without asking.
Po naturally went back to piling, stopped buying a house, and borrowed the Gutang Bridge to stay in Sun Shi. It was July, and Poe died in the house.
What the predecessors did was like this, but many people in the world didn't know it, and only our state circulated its story. In the first year of Zhong Jian, Su Shi returned from Danzhou and settled in Yangxian County.
The envious scholar-officials still dare not go out with him. Only Shao learned from him.
Su Shi likes this man, too. He often rides horses, crosses bridges and enjoys sightseeing with him. Shao bought him a house and spent it on 500 yuan. Su Shi used up all the money to pay it back.
Later (Su Shi) chose a good day and moved into a new house. Once, Shao Min and I walked in the moonlight and came to a village by chance. I heard a woman crying very sadly. Su Shi leaned against the door and said, "Strange, why are you so sad! Is there a feeling that is hard to give up that touched her heart? I'll ask her. "
So he pushed the door and went in. An old woman, still crying after seeing Dongpo.
Dongpo asked her why she was crying, and the old woman said, "My family has a century-old house, and my generation dare not move." But my son was a black sheep and sold it to others.
I'm moving out today, a century-old house. Once I leave, how can I not be sad! That's why I cry. "Su Shi also felt sorry for him.
(So Dongpo) asked her where the original house was, but Dongpo bought it. Dongpo repeatedly comforted her and said, "I bought your old house. Don't be too sad. Now I'll give it back to you. "
So let people take the deed and burn it in front of the old woman, and (and) let the old woman's son take her mother back to the old house the next day for free. Dongpo went back to his old job and never bought a house again. He just stayed at Sun Shi's house in Gutangqiao for the time being.
In July this year, Dongpo died in a borrowed house. Dongpo's predecessors have done many similar things in their lives, but unfortunately the world knows very little. Only my hometown spreads his deeds.
3. The book copied by Su Shi, the translation of this classical Chinese, and the interpretation of key words.
Si Nong Zhu Zai once taught in Huanggang County. At that time, Su Dongpo was exiled to Huangzhou and did not know Zhu Sinong. A guest recited Zhu Sinong's poem and said, "When officials are free, butterflies fly up the stairs." Su Dongpo wondered, "Who wrote this poem?" The guest replied that it was written by Zhu Sinong, and Su Dongpo repeatedly praised it as elegant and interesting.
One day, Zhu Sinong visited Su Dongpo and they became bosom friends. From then on, Zhu Sinong often went to his house. Occasionally, one day he came to visit, and the person in charge of reception had already signed up, but Su Dongpo didn't come out for a long time: he wanted to stay, but he was impatient to wait; I'm leaving. I've given my name. It took a long time like this before Su Dongpo came out and expressed regret for waiting. And said, "I just did some homework that I have to do every day, and I couldn't receive you in time." They both sat down and settled down. After this sentence, Zhu Sinong asked, "What do you mean by the' day shift' you just came here?" Su Dongpo replied: "Copy the Chinese book." Zhu Sinong said: "With a genius like Mr. Wang, once you open a book, you will never forget it. Where to start copying? " Su Dongpo said, "That's not the case. I have read Hanshu, and now I have copied it by hand for three times. Copy three words as the title in the first paragraph, and then copy two words. Now you only need to copy one word. " Zhu Sinong left his seat and asked, "I wonder if Mr. Zhu will show me the book he copied." Su Dongpo ordered the veteran to take a book from his desk. After reading it, Zhu Sinong didn't understand the meaning at all. Su Dongpo said, "Please try to list the topics." Zhu Sinong did as he said, and Su Dongpo recited hundreds of words without missing a word. * * * I chose it several times, and it's all like this. Zhu Sinong admired it for a long time and said, "Sir, what an immortal!"
Later, Zhu Sinong told his son Xin Zhong: "Su Dongpo is still so diligent. Can a person of medium intelligence not study hard? " Zhu Xinzhong once used this sentence to educate his son Zhu Fu.
Notes on Su Shi's Copying Ci
(1) sinong: the official position in charge of money and grain.
② Visit.
(3) The official name has been given: the person in charge of welcoming guests has given the name.
4 can't move out: I can't get out after a while.
⑤ Yes: Done.
⑥ Leave: Leave your seat to show respect.
⑦ Immortal talent: degenerate into immortal talent on earth.
(8) Human nature: people with medium talent.
9 Xinzhong: Zhu Zaishang's son and Xialu (Μ) as his grandson.
Indications: education and teaching.
An analysis of Su Shi's copying of books
Su Dongpo's talent is well known. How did his talent come from? This article gives us a clear answer.
Zhu Gong and Dongpo have always been bosom friends, but one day after the announcement, Dongpo was too late to come out, which made people suspicious. Dongpo came out and explained that he was just doing "day class". What is this "day shift"? Dongpo actually answered "copying books". Su Dongpo, a world-famous genius, actually copied books every day? All this made Zhu Zaizai deeply puzzled. In this way, with the development of the plot, Zhu Zaixiang's psychology experienced a changing process of "doubt-boredom-incomprehension-admiration". This narrative is clear and vivid, concise and rich, which adds a lot of interest to the article.
This paper rarely involves the psychology of the characters, but clearly writes the inner activities of the characters in the dialogue, which should be well understood when reading; In addition, we should correctly understand some polysemous words in specific contexts.
4. Ask for classical Chinese translation /f? kz=4570 1533
Songshi * Su Shichuan
Su Shi, Zi Zizhan, is from Meishan, Meizhou. Ten years of life, my father traveled around the world, and my mother Shicheng personally gave books, and I heard about the success or failure of ancient and modern times. After reading the biography in the Eastern Han Dynasty, I was relieved and asked, "If I am a poet, will my mother allow me?" Shi Cheng said, "Can you be an evil mother?"
Compared with Guan, his novel Thousands of Words a Day is a good book by Jia Yihe. After reading Zhuangzi, I sighed, "I have seen it in the past, but I can't say it. Now I regard it as a book, and it has won my heart. " In the second year of Jiayou, I tried the ritual department. Fang's singular defect won and Ouyang, the main manager, saved him. He got the book On Punishment and Loyalty, which was a surprise. He wanted to be crowned as a scholar, and hesitated about what his guest Ceng Gong did, but he came second. After the Spring and Autumn Annals, righteousness came first, and palace examination was in the second division. Later, I read a book to see the restoration. Mei Yu Sheng said, "I want to avoid this person going out." People who hear it never tire of listening, but they believe it for a long time.
Ding Mu is worried. Five years, transferred to Fuchang main book. Ouyang Xiu recommended the Secret Pavilion with his talent and knowledge. Try six theories, and don't draft the old one, so the old one won't work. There is grass at the beginning of the stone, and the meaning is embarrassing. Repeat the strategy and enter the third category. Since the early Song Dynasty, this system has been ranked third, second only to Heshi.
In addition to Dali's evaluation of affairs and signing books, Fengxiang Prefecture rebelled against officials. Guan Zhong started to fight Yuan Hao, and the people were poor and hardworking. In the second year, he lost his Nanshan raft and entered the river from Weihe River. After being in danger of becoming a pillar, all his officials ran away from home. Shi's concern is to revise the official regulations, so that the self-selected hydraulic workers can keep pace with the times and naturally reduce the harm by half.
Two years later, he was assigned to Deng Wen Gule College. Yingzong heard his name from the official residence and wanted to be called into the Hanlin with the story of the Tang Dynasty, so as to learn the imperial edict. Han Qi, the prime minister, said, "Stone has great talent and will definitely serve the world in the future. If it is to be cultivated in the imperial court, so that everyone in the world is not afraid of admiration and submission, and wants to use it in the imperial court, and then replace it, then everyone will have no objection. If you suddenly use it today, people in the world may not think so, but they are tired enough. " Yingzong said, "How about reconciliation and revision?" Qi said, "Notes are neighbors of letters patent, so you can't give them. If you don't work in the museum, please call and try. " Yingzong said: "Try it, do you know if it can be evil?" Qi still can't, try the second theory again, return to the third class, and go straight to the history museum.
Shi Wen Qi said in his speech: "The public can be said to love others with virtue." Will die, go to Jinbo, resign, ask for an official, so I gave it to Guanglu City. When he died, his brother Taibai died young, leaving no children. His sister married Du, but she was buried and belonged to Shi. Besides mourning, Shi also buried his aunt. After the official can shadow, push to Taibai great-grandson Peng.
In the second year of Xining, he returned to the DPRK. When Wang Anshi was in power, he hated his comments on dissidents and took the judge to court. In four years, An Shi wanted to change the imperial examination and promote learning, and proposed two systems and three museums. Shi Shangyi said: The way to get people lies in knowing people; The way to know people is to be responsible. If the monarch knows how to be a good person and the court is responsible for the actual administration, then there will be no one in the history of Xu's ritual creation, and what about the school? Although due to the current law, I think it is more than enough. If you don't know anyone, and the court is not responsible for it, then officials and their attendants often suffer from no one. What about the school tribute? Although it is a retro system, I think it is insufficient. Don't be a husband, don't waste things, be safe. Although tyrants can't be abolished, they are both disgusting, although saints can't be reinstated. So with the change of customs, the legal system will also change, such as the migration of rivers. If it is strong, it will be difficult to force it.
Celebrate the calendar and learn from it. As for today, there is only one empty name. Today will be today's ceremony, and it is easy to change today's customs. At the same time, we should do our best to run the palace and collect people's money to feed tourists. Within a hundred miles, appoint an official and set up a department to hear prison proceedings. Therefore, if the army intends to do this, and simply does not lead the teachers to the distant scene, then there will be chaos in the world and countless lives will be lost. If there is no big change, I hope it is good for time. What is the difference between it and the celebration of the calendar? Therefore, I call today's school, especially because it is still made, so that the old things of my late king will not be wasted in my world. As for the method of tribute, it took a hundred years to control the ups and downs of chaos. Your majesty regards the world of ancestors and the law of tribute as the essence today? Oral article, which is better today? What is the number of talents, and today? What's going on in the world and what is it now? Comparing the length of these four, it is decided.
Today, there are only a few things I want to change: either I say that hometown is a virtue, or I say that I want to stop poetry and prose, or I want to bring praise and hope at the same time, or I want to test righteousness without sticking to pen and ink. I know all this, but I don't know the rest. May your majesty pay attention to those who are far away and those who are big, and how to predict the law. I also have personal concerns. The theory of husband's life has never been heard since Zigong, but today's people are ashamed not to talk about their life, and they can't be poor if they read their articles. Judging from its appearance, it is impossible to get rid of arrogance. How can this be true? Cover up humanity, let go of contentment and have a happy birthday. Your majesty also uses it?
Regarding the discussion, Shen Zongwu said: "I firmly doubt this, and I am relieved to discuss it." And he called him that day and asked him, Is this prohibition safe? Although I am at fault, I am referring to Chen Keye. "He said," Your Majesty was born with knowledge and both civil and military skills. He doesn't suffer from ignorance, laziness and endless, but he is eager to seek treatment, listening too widely and being too sharp. I am willing to calm down, wait for things to come, and then respond. " Shenzong was frightened and said, "You should consider these three words carefully. Everyone in the pavilion should think about the chaos for me, and there is nothing to hide. " Stone retreats words in the same column. An Shi was unhappy, and ordered him to open the government and push the official, and he would be trapped. Shi's decision is precise and sensitive, and his voice has far-reaching influence. Zhejiang lanterns were lit at the meeting at the cost of losing. Uncle Shi said, "Does your majesty take pleasure in lamps? This is just to serve the ears of the second palace. However, people can't understand each other. All this means playing with their eyes and ears unhurriedly and grasping the information that their mouths and bodies must use. It's small, but it's big. I am willing to pursue my previous life. " Which is a letter.
5. When Su Shi was the magistrate of Qiantang, a citizen complained that the fan seller owed himself 20,000 silver, so he arrested the fan seller and said sadly, "It rained for a long time, and the weather was always cold, not that (I) refused to pay my debts." Su Shi asked him to bring twenty fans, and then he picked up the brush used on the table to write running script and cursive script at will, and drew dead wood and bamboo stones and delivered them to him. Just after going out, people actually bought a fan for 1000, and all the unsold fans were sold out. Later, the fans and sellers also paid off all the money they owed.
Original text:
Dongpo is punctual for Qiantang, and the people complain that the fan owner is in debt of 20 thousand. When he was arrested, he said, "It rained for a long time and it was cold. If you don't sell a fan, you won't return it." If the public order is 20 strokes, the pen can be used to make lines, grass, dead wood and bamboo stones at will. Just go out, people actually holding a few thousand pieces of fan, holding. I was told about the compensation.
This article comes from Su Shi's Dongpo Anecdotes in the Song Dynasty.
Extended data
Writing background:
"Dongpo's anecdote" tries to give full play to its own strengths and use its own ability to help people in trouble. Learn to be flexible. In the second year of Jiayou (1057), he was a scholar. In addition to the Chinese book Sheren, Hanlin Bachelor, Duanming Temple Bachelor, and the history of the Ministry of Rites. He was successively sentenced to Hangzhou, Zhimi, Xuzhou, Huzhou and Yingzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), Huangzhou was demoted by the libel law. Later, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou. Song Huizong, forgive me. Died in Changzhou. Chasing Wenzhong. He is knowledgeable, versatile and good at writing, engineering poetry and calligraphy.
Yu Ci is "uninhibited and uninhibited, and doesn't like to cut and follow the rhythm", with rich themes and broad artistic conception. He broke through the traditional barrier of "Ci is a colorful subject" since the late Tang Dynasty, the Five Dynasties and the early Song Dynasty, and took poetry as his ci, which created an uninhibited school and had a great influence on later generations. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Ci, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu and so on.
Su Shi, following Su Weidao, a minister in the early Tang Dynasty, was born in Meishan, Yumeiren, on December 19th (1037 65438+ October 8th) in Jingshou three years. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is what Saint Amethyst called "Su Laoquan". Su Xun worked hard, although it was late. Su Shi's name "Stone" originally meant the handrail in front of the car, which means it is indispensable to help the needy. In the eighth year of Li Qing (1048), Su Xun studied behind closed doors because of his father's death, and passed on his knowledge and conduct to Su Shi and his youngest son Su Zhe.
6. Translation and solution of classical Chinese of Dongpo painting fans.
When Su Dongpo went to Hangzhou for business, someone complained that a man owed him 20 thousand yuan for silk. Su Dongpo summoned the man for questioning. He said: "My family makes a living as a fan, and my father just died. It has been raining since this spring, and the weather is cold, so the fans made can't be sold. I don't mean to owe him money. " Dongpo stared at him for a long time and said, "Bring the fan you made for the time being, and I'll help." Picking up a writing pen, he wrote running script and cursive script, and drew dead wood and bamboo stones, and handed them to the man with a wave of his hand. He said, "Sell it outside and pay back the money." The man thanked Su Dongpo with a tearful fan and went out. Just after the government gate, many people rushed to buy a fan with several thousand dollars, which was sold out immediately. Later, I wanted to buy it, but I couldn't buy it. I left with regret.
To annotate ...
(2) Mr. Qiantang River Day: when Su Dongpo went to Hangzhou to take up his post. (2) Complaint: sue.
(3) Negative: This means a breach of contract. (4) someone: me. (5) Appropriate value, just happened to meet Aunt (6) temporarily. (7) the market is open. (8) Judgment pen: pick up the pen to judge the question, judge the question, and judge the question.
(9) Transcendence: Transcendence (yú): Going out. ⑽ (⒓): arrears of membership fees. ⑾ Not for sale: Not for sale.
⑿ Cao Sheng: cursive script. Gong: honorific title for Dongpo. S: Coincidence. (coincidentally, just in time)
⒂ reason; On purpose. [ 13]Its； Among them, go: leave. After a while: after a while.
Right away. meddler:meddler(2 1)with:use。
7. Dongpo teaches people to write translations. This is the appearance of a giant, which ushered in the sixth and last writing competition in my primary school in a blink of an eye. If you are allowed to write about 1000 words when practicing by yourself, I quite agree. Although my calligraphy is not "bared my teeth", I have won the first prize five times, bringing my thoughts back to the vicissitudes of life 60 years ago. Chinese characters are the most dazzling "treasure" in China culture, just like bitten apples. He thinks the world is too boring.
Everything was in chaos, and a thousand cat paws were arrested again.
Anyway, when practicing, you must write more than it requires. In a person's life,
But it's just so-so You can write "people" by writing. Well, I can give you some advice. Forget it. There is a choice.
I seem to have suddenly returned to those war-torn years. This will give you more ideas. Dad is going to let me practice calligraphy.