At that time, many unearthed cultural relics were damaged to varying degrees because of the technical problems of protection. For example, in the early days of liberation, the cultural relics excavated by archaeologists from Dingling were lost due to technical problems, so what precious cultural relics were lost at that time?
Since the people's liberation and the founding of New China, various fields have developed steadily, and people in China have also discovered a large number of ancient tomb sites. Most of these tombs were protected by the state and were not excavated at first. 1955, Mr. Guo Moruo, a famous writer, historian and politician, reported a proposal to excavate the tomb of Zhu Yijun, the 13th emperor of the Ming Dynasty, on the grounds that it was necessary to investigate the history of the Ming Dynasty. After the news was known by many archaeologists, he said that the domestic excavation and cultural relics protection technology was not mature, and I was afraid of being excavated. Something violent? Therefore, it is not supported to dig Dingling, but Guo Moruo, 63, is extremely determined to dig Dingling.
It was Wu Han who first proposed to dig the Ming Tombs. It is said that he told his archaeological classmates as early as the war of 1934 that he must dig the Ming Tombs and study the history of the Ming Dynasty. Later, Wu Han's official career was very smooth. After more than 20 years, he was promoted to vice mayor of Beijing, so he wrote to Shangfeng on 1955, trying to help excavate the Ming Emperor's Changling. But Guo Moruo and other officials think it is better to dig Dingling. In the end, Guo Moruo won, so he sent an archaeological team to dig Dingling underground palace.
Before the excavation, most people in China held the mentality of protecting cultural relics and hoped to protect a number of historical relics. But I never imagined, why did you set foot on one? Self-defeating? Wrong route. When the stone gate of Dingling underground palace was knocked down, the outside air quickly entered the underground palace and blew away the Ming tombs that had been sealed for more than 600 years. Although archaeologists have found countless gold, silver, jewels, jade articles, bronzes and silk, as well as nearly 3,000 utensils and more than 5,000 pearls in the mausoleum, once these treasures are unearthed, they will face an important technical protection problem.
Due to the backward technology of cultural relics protection at that time, the newly unearthed silk brocade fabric of Ming Dynasty was seriously damaged. It turns out that these silks are in the sealed space of the underground palace. Once out of this environment, chemical elements such as moisture and oxygen in the air will invade, making cultural relics quickly moldy and deteriorated, and even some cultural relics will instantly turn into a pool of dust when they meet the air.
It is said that among the more than 3,000 cultural relics unearthed at that time, there were hundreds of gauze brocade, including the close-fitting clothes of the Ming emperor and two empresses, and the largest number of cultural relics unearthed was about 600. However, archaeologists did not fully grasp the knowledge of protecting silk fabrics, but only used ordinary mounting techniques to protect them. Unexpectedly, after the mounting, the writer Shen Congwen came over and saw that these Ming Dynasty clothes were installed backwards, especially when the staff used unprofessional plastic softener in the mounting process. These chemicals directly hardened the unearthed imperial clothes of the Ming Dynasty after volatilizing water, and finally made the cultural relics miserable.
In addition, the three gold nanmu coffins unearthed in Dingling are so high and deep that adults can't reach the end. However, when some workers dug up the coffin and wanted to store it in the warehouse, they simply left it at the foot of the mountain because the warehouse was full. A few days later, when the archaeological experts learned about it and sent people to look for it, three golden nanmu coffins had already been picked up by the villagers.