What is the content of Manchu old files?

The earliest official annals of Manchu in the Qing Dynasty are also called open files, old files in Manchu and old files in Manchu. One hundred and eighty old books. The content reflected began in the thirty-fifth year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty (the first year of Taizu Ding, 1607) and ended in the ninth year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (the first year of Chongde in Qing Dynasty, 1636). In addition to the incomplete frontage of The Rise of Changbai Mountain with Thirteen Soldiers of Nurhachi, the contents in the middle years were lacking. The old archives recorded that Nurhachi conquered Wula and Yehe, then fought with the Ming Dynasty, seized Liaodong, made Liaoyang its capital, moved to Shenyang, and acceded to the throne to Huang Taiji. After that, he continued to invade western Liaoning, entered the customs several times, and repeatedly defeated his master. The old archives also reflect the social organization, the Eight Banners system and some events in the clan at that time, production, economic situation and astronomical meteorology, the development and reform of Manchu language, the relationship with Mongolia and North Korea and other rich contents, which are mostly not found in official history books and private writings, and are the most important first-hand historical materials for studying the history before the Qing Dynasty and the rise of Manchu. The old Manchu language is vivid and simple, with simple sentence structure. It was written in Manchu at first, without punctuation, mixed with Mongolian. In the sixth year of Tiancong (1632), after writing reform, he gradually changed to use the circled new Manchu. Therefore, the study of Manchu language and writing is also of great significance. The old files were first stored in Chongmo Pavilion in Shengjing (Shenyang), and then hidden in the cabinet library after entering the customs. After six years of Qianlong (174 1), it is difficult to identify the old Manchu without punctuation. Emperor Qianlong ordered university students E Ertai and Xu to check out the original 37 volumes of old Manchu with punctuation marks, compile them into books without punctuation marks, and frame and bind the original files page by page, taking thousands of words as an example. The original archives are now in the Palace Museum in Taiwan. After 40 years' work, Shu Hede, a great scholar, sorted out the contents of the original document, deleted the completely repeated parts and some inappropriate words, copied one in old Manchu and another in new Manchu, each of which was sorted and bound into 26 volumes 180 in chronological order, and the cover of each letter was marked with "open file" or "open file" in old Manchu or new Manchu. Copies, transcripts and their drafts are kept in the Cabinet Library, and are now kept in the First Historical Archives of China. In the forty-three years of Qianlong, a set of notebooks with the same form but smaller format was copied according to the copy and transcript, which was collected in Chongmo Pavilion in Shengjing and now exists in Liaoning Provincial Archives. 1September, 935, when the document library of the Palace Museum in Beiping cleaned up the cabinet files, it found three old files of Manchuria, one for nine years of destiny, one for six years of Tiancong, and one for nine years of Tiancong, which were also recognized as "old files of Manchuria". Now these three files are also stored in Taiwan Province Province. The academic value of Manchu old archives has long been valued by historians at home and abroad. At the end of Qing Dynasty, Jinliang 19 18, a scholar, organized human resources to start translating the old Manchu files hidden in Chongmo Pavilion in Shengjing, and published some of their contents as secret books of the old Manchu files. However, there are many mistakes in its translation, which is quite different from the original text and should not be quoted. The translation is now in the First Historical Archives of China. 1964, Guanglu of Taiwan Province Provincial University cooperated with Li Xuezhi of the Institute of Historical Linguistics and began to translate original documents in Manchu without punctuation. 1970 published two volumes in the name of Manchu Original Documents of Qing Taizu, but they were not published again.