Do you know the specific situation, era, characteristics and origin of Tangdao?

Through enlightened politics and powerful military power, the Tang Empire became the center of the world at that time. From the unification battle in the early Tang Dynasty to all internal and external wars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, tangdao, a weapon with great influence on later generations, appeared in the history of cold weapons. In the world at that time, it was two famous knives, among which the Arab Damascus knife was famous. Both technically and artistically, it has reached a very high achievement, which can be said to be the peak of China's sword history. Classification of Forging Grades of Swords and Swords Defined in Ancient Books "Six Classics of Tang Dynasty [1]" Volume 16 records that there are four kinds of knives: one is instrument knife, the other is barrier knife, the third is horizontal knife and the fourth is unfamiliar knife. Yi Dao: Gai Ban Gu Jian, etc. were called Imperial Dao in Jin and Song Dynasties, and Long Dao in Wei and Jin Dynasties, all of which had dragon and phoenix rings. To the sui dynasty, it was called the instrument knife, which was held by gold, silver and feather. Obstacle knife: Covered with a barrier to defend against the enemy. Horizontal knife: a knife worn by soldiers, also named after the Sui Dynasty. "On the Law of the Tang Dynasty" (Volume 8) forbids that "the soldiers who guard the guards should not be far away" ([thin] discussion: those who fight are called horizontal knives; Its armor, cymbals, bows, arrows, etc., sometimes should be persistent and not far away. In Su Wei's era, "the horizontal knife was always brought", so Emperor Gaozong said to General Wang Jishan of Qianniuwei, "If others don't search, they can't come to us, and Qing Pei's big horizontal knife is on our side." It can be seen that the horizontal knife is the main battle of Su Wei officers and soldiers. All government soldiers have their own horizontal knives, and Su Wei often wears them. The horizontal knives in the Tang Dynasty were generally worn by soldiers and soil. Mo Dao: The long knife held by the infantry is broken arrow of Gaigu. First of all, the strange knife does not belong to the battle of the guards. The battles held by the Eight Mansion Guards quoted in the Law of the Tang Dynasty were all horizontal knives, armor, shackles and bows and arrows, but there were no strange knives. Secondly, strange knives are heavy weapons. Miscellaneous Notes on the Seventy-two Armies of Don Yao Hui: In March of that year (the first year of Kaiyuan), the Imperial Capital stayed behind to play: there were strange knives and sharp weapons in the number of guards of various armies in the city ... All the strange knives and sharp weapons of their military guards were required to serve in the army. If our company wants to stand up and act, please give me a knife. It can be seen that the strange knife is not a feather instrument, but a sharp weapon. This shows that there are four kinds of tangdao in later generations: instrument knife, barrier knife, horizontal knife and stranger knife. According to different uses, it can be divided into etiquette knives and actual combat knives, while strange knives are different from instrument knives, horizontal knives and barrier knives (that is, general protective knives). In this paragraph, the exotic knives in tangdao and tangdao are important war materials and equipment of the army. In the middle of the Tang Dynasty, it was forbidden to be privately built and kept by the people. Its inheritance should be the long sword of the Han Dynasty (Chinese: the long sword is called "broken arrow" or "horse-chopping sword", which should be used by both hands). Long Dao unearthed in Han dynasty 140 cm above. It can be speculated that after the development of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, it became a two-edged sword with two hands holding the handle. So far, no archaeological materials have been unearthed. The "falling knife" and "three-pointed double-edged knife" in Wu kiln in Song Dynasty may be the direct descendants of the knife in the late Tang Dynasty. In the early Ming Dynasty, when the Ming cavalry swept the Mongolian cavalry, they used a weapon called the horse-chopping knife, which should also be one of the variants of the strange knife. According to legend, the horse-chopping knife is nearly ten feet long and can be used on foot immediately. (In addition, Japanese guns may be Japanese, and strange knives may be combined weapons. Attached, Japanese big gun: dragonfly cut, Japan. In the murals of the Tang Dynasty, that strange knife was not connected with a long handle. On the right, the Tang Dynasty fresco, the ring-head instrument knife and the strange knife are all tied at the waist, and the strange knife has not yet reached out of the handle. Ink knives are also mainly used by infantry, and some major generals use ink knives as their main weapons. According to Sun Tzu's Art of War written by Gong Wei in Tang Dynasty, Tang Jun's main fighting methods are recorded: the armies of all walks of life are divided into archers, crossbowmen, garrison soldiers, front teams, war horses, vaulting horses and surprise soldiers according to their functions. Whenever the battle begins, when the enemy is at one hundred and fifty paces, the crossbowman starts shooting; When the enemy is sixty paces away, the archer begins to shoot arrows; When the enemy entered twenty paces, the crossbowman shot an arrow and joined the front team with a knife and stick (that is, a strange knife and stick). After the infantry is slightly defeated, Indiana Jones, Ma Jun and Tiaodang (sharp soldiers) are not allowed to act rashly; If the infantry is in a bad situation and attacks before jumping, raiders and horses meet, the infantry will retreat and rectify first and prepare for further assistance; If you jump, the attack of Indiana Jones and Ma Jun will be unfavorable, and all infantry units must cooperate with Ma Jun at the same time. When the enemy retreats, Ma Jun can't pursue it easily. Only after the enemy is truly defeated can it be concealed and destroyed. Tang Jun combined the horse and the foot to attack and defend. Infantry is the pioneer, cavalry is the side auxiliary, infantry is equipped with crossbows and knives, and cavalry is responsible for the assault and pursuit of infantry after the war. As a broadsword with a long handle, the ink knife pushes like a wall and is the main weapon of the vanguard infantry. Together with Ma Jun and Indiana Jones, it constitutes the main feature of Tang's operations. Judging from the history of dragonflies, the battle of Emperor Taizong was very personal. He likes to choose the weak part of the enemy line and lead the cavalry to charge. "All the enemies were defeated." The scene of galloping ahead and tens of thousands of cavalry following is particularly fascinating today. In the early Tang dynasty, a large number of cavalry was an important guarantee for the victory of the battle. In the middle period, the sword-like wall propulsion tactics created the glorious war history of the prosperous Tang dynasty and also created the myth of the sword. From Wude to Tianbao, the use of infantry as an offensive weapon was one of the main reasons why Tang was able to win the founding war and the war against nomadic people who were good at riding and shooting. The appearance, popularization and use of strange knives is not an isolated phenomenon, it is related to the Tang Dynasty and even the whole military situation. It can also be said that the history of the use and promotion of strange knives is a side of the history of foreign wars and martial arts in Tang Dynasty. Although there were four kinds of knives in the Tang Dynasty, the only weapon that really played a role in the battlefield was the strange knife. Mo Daojun's participation in the war played a decisive role in any questionable war case. Mo Daojun, as a separate fighting force in the battle sequence, made great contributions to the neutrality of Tang County in the Middle Tang Dynasty. Ink knife is a key weapon to change the disadvantages of Han nationality and nomadic nationality who are good at riding and shooting and give full play to the advantages of infantry. The evolution of war weapons actually evolves with the development of war forms and changes with the rise and fall of national strength. With the unification of the Central Plains in the Song Dynasty, China's cold weapons began a new round of development. A large number of new spears, long knives, axes and crossbows were born and equipped with Song Jun, and the heroic strange knives became luxurious war equipment. The main direction of the Song Dynasty war was also the nomadic people in the north. In order to deal with the cavalry of Liao and Jin, spears, axes and crossbows began to become the main weapons of the army. A large number of axe and hammer equipment can be proved from the introduction to the Five Classics and the stone carvings in the Song Dynasty. The skill of making and using the axe hammer is simpler than that of a strange knife, and it is equally effective against cavalry. The Yue family's military "Mazha Knife", "Catch Knife" and "Dragon Axe" have greatly defeated the serial horses of the Jin Army. Effective and cheap weapons will always be important weapons of military equipment, and luxurious strange knives will gradually withdraw from the war. Instruments and knives often appear in important ceremonial occasions. In the murals of Prince Yide's tomb and Princess Changle's tomb, you can see the long knives equipped by the guards. The long Dao is a ring hand with an obvious diamond-shaped block. There are obvious double rings hanging around the waist on the scabbard, or holding the top with both hands or standing in front of you. As an important weapon of the Royal Army and the Guards, the instruments and knives are relatively long, and the shape is "Shilong Phoenix Ring", which inherits the Han Ring. This exquisite ring-handed broadsword is not only the embodiment of Wei Yi in Tang Dynasty, but also has a far-reaching influence on the development of cold weapons in China. This kind of ring-handed broadsword traveled in all directions with Japanese envoys, and one country and one nation were deeply influenced by this kind of instrument knife: North Korea and Tubo. According to archaeological data, the Ring Hand Knife unearthed in South Korea is characterized by dragons and phoenixes, and is inlaid with a large amount of gold and silver. These ring hand knives are the inheritance of musical instrument knives, while Tubo retains the modeling characteristics of Tang Yi knives. With the replacement of dynasties and the ravages of war, Tang Yi Dao disappeared and disappeared in the Central Plains. In the process of the evolution of instrument knives to the east, North Korea completely copied the shape and style of the initial stage. 1965, the North Korean emissary in the mural of Samarkand site in Uzbekistan was equipped with a ring-handed broadsword, the style of which was exactly the same as the long sword worn by the guards in Zhaoling mural. Amano Jia's "Seven-Star Sword Built in Bingzijiao Forest" and the "Tang Dragon Sword in Jinyinzhuang" in Zhengcangyuan are both called "Tang style broadsword". According to research, most of these swords were imported from China and North Korea. These murals and unearthed cultural relics fully prove that Yi Dao is the ancestor of Korean Dao. According to these objects and murals, let's restore the original appearance of Yi Dao in the prosperous Tang Dynasty: 1. Knife ring: First of all, the important symbol of Yi Dao is that it has a ring, in which dragons and phoenixes are the main decorations, and the dragons and phoenixes and the whole ring body are gilded. The dragon and phoenix rings are connected with the blade body in the form of butt welding or riveting, which is very clever. The forging of blade body is forged by special forging craftsmen, so these two processes ensure the exquisite and effective combination of the whole blade and blade body forging. This process also appeared on the ring-handed knife in Han dynasty, and it was inherited in an orderly way. 2. Handle: wrapped with gold and silver wire or decorated with gold and silver pieces. Judging from a Tang Huan hand knife unearthed in Xi 'an this year, the manufacture of the handle is very close. Coincidentally, there are inscriptions of wrong gold or wrong silver on the back of these two broadswords. 3. Blade: tangdao's blade is straight and has no radian. There are two kinds of blade ridges, one is flat with embedded characters on it, and the other is with ridges on the back of the blade. This kind of edge ridge is also found on Gao Gu Tibetan Dao. The thickness of this blade near the handle is the thickest, and then gradually decreases towards the tip. 4. Knife tip: There are two kinds of knife tips. One is that the tip of the knife is not curved, like the Arabic numeral "7", and the other is that the curved tip is naturally combined with the blade. The ancient Tibetan Dao strictly follows this shape and keeps it. 5, knife block: from the perspective of murals and sculptures, the early instrument knives did not have a knife block. The knife stand appeared after the middle Tang Dynasty, and some murals and statues vaguely found that the knife stand of Tang Yi's knife was diamond-shaped and relatively small. 6. Sheath: both the sheath mouth and the sheath tail are wrapped with metal and plated with gold and silver. Early instrument knives didn't have a ring, so they were supposed to be worn obliquely or slung on the belt. After the middle period, the hanging ring technology of sheath is complicated and highly decorative. Zhengcangyuan's "Gold-silver-shaped Zhuangtang Long Dao" can fully reflect the prestige and exquisiteness of instrument knives in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. 7. Forging: tangdao's forging should inherit the "Hundred Steelmaking" technology invented by the Han Dynasty, and the blade is also compound forging. Although Japanese Dao has some characteristics of absorbing and integrating Tang Dynasty, its posture and forging have also changed greatly in Japan with the tempering of war. After the war in peacetime, the blade began to become curved. From then on, Japanese knives gradually got rid of the influence of China and tangdao, and developed into cold weapons with typical Japanese characteristics. As a Tibetan Dao passed down from tangdao, the evolution and progress of the sword basically stopped because there was no major foreign war and civil war, so tangdao's posture was strictly preserved. Obstacle knives and horizontal knives According to historical records, obstacle knives and horizontal knives are the swords of guards and ordinary soldiers; Judging from the murals of the tombs of Princess Changle and Prince Zhang Huai in the Tang Dynasty and the Qiuxing male sabre in The Fine of the Six Kings in Zhaoling, the horizontal sabre they wear has no ring, and the handle is shorter than the instrument knife. The handle head of the handle is a metal tube-shaped sleeve on the handle, with a waist and a rope hole in the middle. Due to the lack of physical objects and detailed mural materials, it is impossible to accurately restore the shape of the horizontal knife. The only thing we can know is that the horizontal knife has a wide wear surface and should be a weapon produced in large quantities. The hand rope moves from the ring of the instrument knife to the middle of the handle to prevent the process after the knife is released. This process spread to the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and sabre became a self-defense weapon for soldiers and ordinary people in the later evolution. From the existing archaeological materials and murals, as well as a few words in history books, we strive to restore the shape and development of Tang Dao and appreciate the charm of cold weapon culture in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Tangdao, as a peak of China's cold weapon development, not only accompanied the establishment and prosperity of the Tang Empire, but also successfully influenced the cold weapon culture in some parts of Asia with the change of war forms. Tangdao's Yi Dao and Heng Dao developed into later sabres. Yi Daodong spread to Korea and became a cold weapon of our nation. Southwest, becoming the ancestor of Tibetan Dao. Ink knives became Song Dao in the later evolution, and several kinds of long knives were handed down to later generations. The birth and development of Tang Dao witnessed the most powerful empire in the history of China, and it was the most brilliant in the cold weapon culture. I want to recall that great history in this article.