The first volume of geography in grade seven (1) changes of land and sea
(1) surface morphology change:
External force: the action of wind, running water, waves and living things.
Internal force: crustal movement, earthquake, volcanic eruption.
(2) Wei Gena put forward the continental drift hypothesis.
(3) plate tectonic theory: (P37 figure 2. 19)
A, the global lithosphere consists of six plates; B, the plate is moving;
C, the interior of the plate is relatively stable, the crustal movement at the junction of the plate is active, and there are many volcanic earthquakes.
(4) There are two major volcanoes and seismic zones in the world: the Pacific Rim volcano and the seismic zone.
Mediterranean-Himalayan volcanic seismic belt
(5) Explain the causes of the tsunami in Indonesia:
Located at the junction of Asia-Europe plate, Pacific plate and Indian Ocean plate, with active crustal movement)
The seventh grade geography book Volume 1 (2) 1, the daily, monthly and annual average temperature, the daily and annual temperature range, and the annual precipitation: (check) (P5 1).
▲ Daily average temperature = the sum of temperature values measured at different times of the day? frequency
▲ Monthly average temperature = sum of daily average temperature of each day in a month? Number of days in a month
▲ Annual average temperature = sum of monthly average temperatures in a year? 12
▲ Daily temperature range = the highest temperature and the lowest temperature of the day.
(The highest daily temperature on land generally appears at 14, and the lowest temperature appears around sunrise. )
▲ Temperature annual range = maximum monthly average temperature and 1 minimum monthly average temperature.
(The hottest month on land in the northern hemisphere is July, and the hottest month in Leng Yue is1; The ocean is one month behind the land, in August and February respectively. The southern hemisphere is the opposite)
▲ Annual precipitation = sum of monthly precipitation.
2. Temperature curve and precipitation histogram: It is required to draw and read graphs for analysis (activities in textbooks P5 1 and P55).
3. The distribution law of world temperature and precipitation;
▲ law of world temperature distribution:
(1) Latitude factors of high temperature at low latitude and low temperature at high latitude (the temperature gradually decreases from equator to poles)
(2) In the same latitude zone, the land temperature is higher than the ocean temperature in summer; Winter is the opposite. Sea-land factor
(3) In mountainous areas, the higher the altitude, the lower the temperature. For every 65,438+0,000m rise, the temperature drops by 60 degrees, due to the topographic factors.
▲ Distribution law of global precipitation: The main types of precipitation are convective rain, topographic precipitation and frontal rain.
(1) There is more precipitation near the equator and less precipitation in the polar regions. Latitude factor
(2) On both sides of the Tropic of Cancer, there is less precipitation on the west coast of the mainland and more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland.
(3) In mid-latitude areas, there is less precipitation in inland areas and more precipitation in coastal areas. Sea-land factor
(4) There is more precipitation on windward slope and less precipitation on leeward slope. topographic factor
The first volume of geography in grade seven (III) 1. World population:
1, world population: 65438+6 billion in 0999; Now the population is increasing by about 80 million every year.
Characteristics of world population growth and distribution: With 1800 as the boundary, the world population growth is divided into three stages, which have experienced slow growth and rapid growth, and are still growing at a relatively fast speed. Population growth is closely related to the level of economic development.
2. World population growth: Africa is the continent with the largest population growth rate, while Europe is the continent with the smallest population growth rate.
Asia is the continent with the largest population growth every year.
The natural population growth rate is mainly determined by birth rate and death rate. Reflect the speed of population growth.
The population growth of Asian, African and Latin American countries is fast, while that of European and American countries is slow or even negative. (40 pages)
3. World population distribution
(1) Population density: Population density reflects the density of geographical distribution of population, expressed as population per square kilometer.
What is the total population of this area? The total area of the area.
(2) densely populated areas:
The world's population is concentrated in the coastal areas at middle and low latitudes.
The world's densely populated areas are mainly distributed in eastern and southern Asia, western Europe, North America and eastern South America.
(3) sparsely populated areas:
Dry deserts, cold polar regions, alpine plateaus and hot and humid tropical rainforests are not suitable for long-term residence.
4, the world population problem:
(1) Problems brought by rapid growth: food shortage, deforestation, grassland overload, ecological deterioration and water shortage.
(2) Problems caused by slow growth: aging population, insufficient labor resources and insufficient national defense.
(3) Problems brought about by population migration: traffic congestion, deterioration of public security, shortage of water resources and employment difficulties.
5, the correct concept of population:
The world population cannot grow indefinitely. Population growth should be coordinated with resources and environment and adapt to social and economic development.
Second, the characteristics of the three major races in the world and their main distribution areas
Race: According to the characteristics of human physique, the residents in the world are divided into white, yellow and black people.
Distribution:
The yellow race is mainly distributed in East Asia, and the Indians in America and the Inuit along the Arctic Ocean also belong to the yellow race.
White people are mainly distributed in Europe, North America, Oceania, North Africa and West Asia.
Black people are mainly distributed in central and southern Africa.
Residents in the world, the most widely distributed is white race, and the smallest is black race.
Geographically, from the equator to the polar regions, people gradually become shallower, which is closely related to the intensity of solar radiation everywhere.