Longevity hill
Longevity hill
Wanshou Mountain belongs to the residual vein of Yanshan Mountain, with a height of 58.59 meters. The building complex is built on the mountain. In front of Wanshou Mountain, a huge main building complex is formed with the Buddha Pavilion with eight sides, three floors and four eaves as the center. From the "Yunhui Yuyu" archway at the foot of the mountain, through Paiyunmen, Ergongmen, Paiyuntang, Dehuitang and Foxiang Pavilion, to the wisdom sea at the top of the mountain, a rising central axis is formed. On the east side, there are stone tablets of "Runwheel Hidden" and "Wanshou Mountain Kunming Lake". On the west side, there are Wu Fangting and Baoyun Pavilion made of copper. Among the green trees in the back hill, there are magnificent Tibetan Buddhist buildings and colorful glass pagodas. There are other pavilions on the mountain, such as Jingfu Pavilion, Chongcui Pavilion, Xieqiuxuan Pavilion and Scroll World Pavilion, overlooking Kunming Lake. The south slope of Wanshou Mountain (namely Qian Shan) is adjacent to Kunming Lake and connected with mountains, forming a very pleasant natural environment. The lakes, mountains, islands, dikes and their buildings here are in harmony with the scenery outside the park, forming a continuous and embroidered landscape picture. Qian Shan is very close to the main entrance of the park and the living area of the emperor and empress. It is very convenient to visit and return. The south overlooks the Kunming Lake area, so the main buildings of the park are gathered here. Accordingly, gardeners have adopted a focused approach in the architectural layout of Qian Shan. There is a group of central buildings with large volume and rich image in the middle. From the shore of the lake to the top of the mountain, magnificent halls and platforms cover the hillside, forming a longitudinal central axis running through the front mountain. This group of large-scale buildings includes the main buildings of the park-Paiyun Hall where the emperor and empress held celebrations and Foxiang Pavilion, a Buddhist temple. In terms of volume, the latter is the largest building in the garden. The pavilion is about 40 meters high and stands on the stone platform. Its octagonal, four-eaved and pyramid-shaped roof image can be seen in many places inside and outside the park, and its appearance is magnificent, surpassing the group and becoming the overall composition center of Qian Shan and Kunming Lake. Corresponding to the longitudinal axis of the central building complex is the "promenade" across the foothills and along the north bank of the lake, with a total length of 728 meters, which is the longest veranda in China gardens. The rest of the buildings in Qian Shan are small in area, naturally arranged sparsely on foothills, hillsides and ridges, embedded in lush pines and cypresses, setting off a dignified and elegant central building complex. Climb Wanshou Mountain, stand in the Buddha Pavilion and look down. Most of the scenery of the Summer Palace is under your eyes. Lush trees, hidden under yellow-green glazed tile roofs and scarlet palace walls. Just ahead, Kunming Lake is as calm as a mirror and as green as jasper. Cruise ships and original boats glided slowly across the lake, leaving almost no trace. Looking eastward, you can vaguely see several ancient pagodas and the White Pagoda in the city. The river in Houhu meanders on the north slope of Wanshou Mountain, which is at the foot of Houshan Mountain. The gardener skillfully used the cramped environment of the north bank of Hebei and the palace wall to build a rockery barrier on the north bank, which matched with the real mountains on the south bank to create a landscape of two mountains and one water. The water surface of the river is wide and narrow, and it is released at harvest time. After boating, the lake gives people the interest of returning to the mountains and water, and becomes an excellent still water scene in the park. The landscape of the back mountain is very different from that of the front mountain. It is a natural environment full of wild interest, with lush trees, winding mountain roads and quiet scenery. Except for the Buddhist temple "Sumeru Spiritual World" in the middle, most of the buildings are concentrated in several self-contained places, forming exquisite small gardens with the surrounding environment. They can be flexibly arranged according to the terrain, either at the top of the mountain, on the hillside or near the water surface. On both sides of the central part of Houhu Lake are the ruins of "Buying Street" built in imitation of the Jiangnan River Market during the Qianlong period. The buildings in Houshan are incomplete except for the humorous garden and Jiqingxuan, which were completely rebuilt during Guangxu period. The scale of that year can only be vaguely identified from the broken walls. Humor Garden, formerly known as Huishan Garden, is a garden in the garden modeled after Wuxi Jichang Garden. The whole park takes the water surface as the center and the waterscape as the main body. Elegant halls, halls, buildings, pavilions, pavilions and other buildings are arranged around the pool, which are connected by curved corridors and planted with weeping willows and bamboos. The rocks on the north bank of the pool are rockeries. Flowing water is extracted from Houhu Lake and injected into the pool along the rocks through Xia Yuqin. The tinkling of running water and the sound of entering the scene add poetry and painting to this small garden.
Kunming Lake
Kunming Lake is the main lake of the Summer Palace, accounting for three-quarters of the total park area, about 220 hectares. Qianhu District in the south is rippling with blue waves and vast smoke waves, with ups and downs in the west and pavilions in the north. There is a western dike in the lake, and there are peaches and willows on it. This 17 span bridge spans the lake, and three islands in the lake also have different forms of classical architecture. Kunming Lake
Kunming Lake is the largest lake in the royal gardens of Qing Dynasty. There is a long dike in the lake-Xidi, which winds from northwest to south. The west levee and its branches divide the lake into three waters of different sizes, and there is an island in the middle of the lake in each water area. These three islands stand on the lake, symbolizing the three sacred mountains in the East China Sea-Penglai, the abbot and Yingzhou in the ancient legend of China. Due to the separation of islands and dikes, the lake is layered, avoiding monotony. The west dike and the six bridges on the dike consciously imitate the "Su Causeway Six Bridges" of Su Causeway and Hangzhou West Lake, making Kunming Lake more and more like the West Lake. The natural scenery around Xidi is broad, with blue waves and weeping willows. The beautiful mountain shape of Yuquan Mountain and the shadow of Yufeng Tower at the top of the park are part of the landscape. Looking from Kunming Lake and lakeside to the west, the scenery outside the park is integrated with the lakes and mountains in the park, which is an outstanding example of the application of borrowing scenery in China gardens. The buildings in the lake area are mainly concentrated on three islands. The green trees on the lakeshore and lake embankment are dense, hiding water and light, showing a natural beauty near the lake and distant mountains, with the flavor of Jiangnan.
eastern palace gate
Renshoudian
Donggongmen District is in the easternmost part of the Summer Palace. This area used to be the place where the Qing emperors engaged in political activities and daily life, including Renshou Hall, houses, bedrooms, big stage and courtyards in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. The East Palace Gate is now the main entrance of the Summer Palace. It runs from west to east, and all the colorful patterns are painted under the eaves of the lintel. Six vermilion doors are embedded with neat yellow doornails, and a Kowloon plaque with the word "Summer Palace" is hung under the eaves in the middle, which is inscribed by Emperor Guangxu himself. Yunlong stone carving on the Imperial Road in front of the gate, carved with two pearl dragons, was carved during the Qianlong period and moved from the site of Yuanmingyuan (Anyou Palace). It is a symbol of the emperor's dignity. The East Palace Gate is dedicated to the Empress of Qing Dynasty. Renshou Hall is at the East Palace Gate of the Summer Palace. It is the main hall where Empress Dowager Cixi and Emperor Guangxu sat in the hall to listen to politics and meet foreign guests. Formerly known as Qin Zhengtang, it was rebuilt in Guangxu and renamed Renshoutang. It is seven rooms wide in the east, south and north halls on both sides, with Renshou Gate in front and nine clean rooms in the north and south outside. Bronze dragons, phoenixes and ding are all beautifully carved.
Leshoutang
Leshoutang
Leshou Hall is the main building in the residential area of the Summer Palace. It was built in the 15th year of Qianlong (AD 1750), destroyed in the 10th year of Xianfeng (AD 1860) and built in the 13th year of Guangxu (AD 1887). Leshou Hall faces Kunming Lake, backed by Wanshou Mountain, facing Renshou Hall in the east and the promenade in the west. This is the best place to live and play in the park. In front of the main hall, there is the pier "Le Shou Tang" where Cixi takes a boat. The horizontal plaque with gold lettering on a black background is Guangxu calligraphy. There are thrones, royal pavilions, palm fans and glass screens in the hall of Leshou Hall. Next to the seat are two large disks filled with green dragon flowers, which are used to smell the fragrance of fruits, and four large copper stoves with nine peaches on them, which are used to burn sandalwood. The west suite is the bedroom and the east suite is the dressing room. Indoor rosewood wardrobe is a relic of Qianlong period. Bronze deer, cranes and vases are displayed in the courtyard of Leshou Hall, which means "Liuhe is peaceful". The flowers in the hospital include magnolia, begonia and peony. Famous flowers are all over the courtyard, which means "Jade Hall is rich". The magnolia here is very famous. Now the one in front of Inviting the Moon is transplanted from the south by Ganlong.
Yulantang
Yulantang
Yulantang, built near Kunming Lake in the southwest of Renshoutang, is a three-in-one quadrangle building. Magnolia Hall in the main hall faces south, with Xia Fen Hall in the east and Lotus Champs in the west. The East Hall can reach Renshou Hall, the West Hall can reach the lakeside wharf, and the back door of the main hall faces Yiyuntang. The brick wall on the back eaves and two affiliated halls are isolated from the outside world and are important historical sites of the Summer Palace. In the 24th year of Guangxu (1898), Emperor Guangxu, who advocated political reform, was imprisoned here after Cixi staged a palace coup. It is the bedroom of Emperor Guangxu.
Daju building
Daju building
The Grand Theatre is located in Dehe Garden, and it is also known as the three major stages in Qing Dynasty, together with Yinqing Pavilion in chengde mountain resort and Yinchang Pavilion in the Forbidden City. The theater of Deheyuan was built for Cixi's 60th birthday, and it was specially designed for Cixi to watch the play. It is 2 1 m high, second only to the highest Buddha Pavilion in the Summer Palace. The theater has three floors, and the backstage makeup building has two floors. There are seven "patios" on the roof and "underground wells" on the floor. There are wells and five square pools at the bottom of the stage. When performing a ghost play, you can come down from the "sky", come out from the "underground" and fetch water from the stage.
Foxiangge
Foxiang Pavilion is located in the middle of Wanshou Mountain, built in a Foxiang Pavilion, with a height of 2 1 m.
On the square abutment is a building with eight sides, three floors and four eaves; The pavilion is 4 1 m high, and there are eight huge iron rosewood Optimus Prime in the pavilion, which is a classic building with complex structure. After the original pavilion Xianfeng was burned down by the British and French allied forces in the 10th year (1860), it was rebuilt in the 17th year of Guangxu (189 1) and completed in the 20th year of Guangxu (1894), which is the largest project in the Summer Palace. The pavilion is specially used to "receive Buddha" for the royal family to burn incense here.
Paiyundian
Paiyundian is located in the building center in front of Wanshou Mountain. It was originally built by Qianlong for his mother's 60th birthday.
The Great Hall of Gratitude and Longevity, which was changed to Paiyun Hall when Cixi rebuilt, is the place where Cixi lived in the garden and received worship on her birthday. The word "Pai Yun" is taken from Guo Pu's poem "Fairy Pai Yun Shan, But See the Gold and Silver Terrace", which means that the fairy is about to appear in the ethereal Qiongge of Xianshan. Seen from a distance, Paiyundian, Paiyunmen, Jinshui Bridge and Ergongmen are in a straight line. Pai Yun Dian is the most spectacular building complex in the Summer Palace.
Wisdom sea
Wisdom Sea is a religious building at the top of Wanshou Mountain. It is a beamless Buddhist temple built entirely of brick and stone, which is composed of criss-crossing arch coupons. The outer layer of the building is all decorated with exquisite yellow-green glazed tiles, and the upper part is covered with a small amount of purple and blue glazed tiles. The whole building looks colorful and magnificent. In particular, thousands of glazed buddhas embedded in the external walls of temples are more distinctive. The word "wisdom sea" is a Buddhist term, which is intended to praise Buddha's wisdom as the sea and boundless Buddhism. Although the building is very similar to a wooden structure, it actually has no wood, and it is all made of Shi Zhuan vouchers without purlins, so it is called "No Beam Hall". It is also known as the "Infinite Hall" because it is dedicated to the Buddha with infinite longevity.
Long gallery
The promenade is located at the southern foot of Wanshou Mountain, facing Kunming Lake, facing Wanshou Mountain in the north, inviting the bright moon in the east and Zhang Shiting in the west.
With a total length of 728 meters ***273 rooms, it is the longest veranda in China gardens. It was recognized as the longest promenade in the world in 1992 and was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records. Every beam in the gallery is painted, with more than14,000, including landscapes, flowers, birds, fish and insects, and allusions to people. The figure paintings in the paintings are all based on China's classic works.
Blue rock boat
The blue rock boat is commonly known as Shifang blue rock boat.
At the west end of the promenade, by the lake, there is a big stone boat, which means "Hai He Qing Yan". It is the only western-style building in the Summer Palace. Its predecessor was the release platform of Yuan Jing Temple in Ming Dynasty. When Qianlong repaired Qingyi Garden, it was changed to a boat and renamed as a "stone boat". The stone is 36 meters long and is carved and piled with marble. The ship's hull has two floors, with a tile floor at the bottom and stained glass windows and brick carvings at the top. When it rains, the rainwater falling on the top of the ship passes through the hollow columns at the four corners and is discharged into the lake through the four faucet ports of the hull. This design is very clever.
Travel in the picture world
Traveling in the world of pictorial is an important group of scenic buildings in the west of Wanshou Mountain. Built on the mountain, there are two pavilions on the front, one on the left and one on the right, named "Love Mountain" and "Borrowing Autumn". There is a stone archway behind the pavilion, and behind the archway is the "Cheng Hui Pavilion". There is a climbing corridor between the buildings. Because it is located halfway up the mountain, the architectural forms are rich and colorful. Buildings, pavilions and corridors are built according to different contours, and green hills and cypresses surround a group of buildings covered with red, yellow, blue and green glazed tiles, which looks like a landscape painting of China.
Li Ting restaurant
Listen to the Lange, which was originally built by Emperor Qianlong for his mother to watch a play. It has two stages, because the ancients often borrowed yellow to listen to Lanting.
Bird singing is a metaphor for the beauty of music, so it is called "bird listening pavilion". The tenth year of Xianfeng (1860) was burned by the British and French allied forces and rebuilt in Guangxu. Before the completion of the theater in Deheyuan, Cixi often watched plays and feasted here. Now, Li Ting Restaurant has become a restaurant specializing in court dishes and has served hundreds of heads of state and government. Li Ting Restaurant is a famous court gourmet restaurant.
Seventeen-arch bridge
Seventeen-hole bridge is located on Kunming Lake, flying between Dongdi and Nanhu Island, connecting Tongniu and Seventeen-hole bridge.
Didao is the largest stone bridge in the garden. The stone bridge is 8m wide and 150m long, and consists of 17 bridge holes. There are more than 500 stone lions of different sizes and shapes carved on the railings on both sides of the stone bridge. Tongniu is on the east bank of Kunming Lake, on the north side of the east bridge head of 17-hole bridge. 1755 is made of copper and is called "Taurus". The bronze bull is designed to suppress floods.
Baoyunge
Copper Pavilion is one of the most exquisite and largest copper castings in China. A 4-meter-high white marble pedestal was built in Wufangge on the west side of Foxiangge, which was built in Qianlong period, with a height of 7.5 meters and a weight of 207 tons. A fan with diamonds on all sides. Although it is made of copper, it is completely made according to the wooden frame structure. There are doors in the east, south and west, four lattice doors and eight lattice windows in the north. Door and window lattice fans have rhombic lattice fan centers, and the upper part of curtain frame also has lattice fan centers, and all lattice fan centers are inside and outside.
wenchangge
wenchangge
Wenchang Pavilion is located at the northern end of the east dike of Kunming Lake in yi river County. Originally a city management, it was one of the gates of Qingyi Garden. The existing tower was built in the 15th year of Qing Qianlong (1750) and rebuilt in Guangxu (1875- 1908). The four corner corridors of the city head are shaped like a "human" on the plane, with a three-story pavilion in the middle. The middle floor is dedicated to the bronze statue of Emperor Wenchang and the statue of Fairy Boy, and there is a bronze mule next to it, which is very distinctive. Wenchang Academy is located in the east of Wenchang Pavilion. Wenchang Academy Museum is the largest and highest-grade cultural relic exhibition hall in China classical gardens. There are six special exhibition halls in the museum, covering bronzes, jades, porcelain, gold and silver, bamboo and wood corners, lacquerware, furniture, calligraphy and painting, ancient books, enamels, clocks and watches, and miscellaneous items. Due to the specific royal environment of the Summer Palace, these artworks represented the best level of craftsmanship at that time, and many treasures were the heavyweights of the country at that time; Chen Zhan also bought some articles for daily use of the Qing court in the museum.
Houshan Houhu
Houshan Houhu is located in the northernmost part of the Summer Palace, with few buildings, lush trees, winding mountain roads, quiet and elegant, in stark contrast to the grandeur of the former mountain. A group of Tibetan architecture and Suzhou street with the characteristics of Jiangnan water town are compact in layout and interesting in each. The sun platform symbolizes that the sun and the moon surround the Buddha.
Xiequ garden
Located at the eastern foot of Wanshou Mountain, Humorous Garden is an independent garden with southern garden style.
The garden is in the middle. Qingyi Park, formerly known as Huishan Park, was built after Wuxi Huishan Airport Park. After the renovation in the 16th year of Jiaqing (18 1 1), it was renamed as "Harmonious Garden", which means "keeping quiet and interesting outside, and making the middle field harmonious inside", and has the poem "One pavilion, one path, full of harmonious and strange interests" written by Emperor Qianlong. There are thirteen pavilions, terraces, halls and pavilions in the park, which are connected with hundreds of verandahs and five bridges in different forms. There is a stone bridge in the southeast corner of the park, and the word "Zhiyu Bridge" inscribed by Gan Long is on the stone square at Qiaotou, which is based on the argument between Zhuangzi and Keiko about "Qiushui City".
Suzhou street
Also known as "buying and selling street". Suzhou Street is a commercial street built on both sides of Houhu after imitating Suzhou, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River. During the Qingyiyuan period, there were various shops on the shore, such as jade antique shops, silk shops, dim sum shops, teahouses and gold and silver jewelry shops. The shop assistants are all dressed up by eunuchs and maids. The emperor began to "open" when he was lucky. Dozens of shops on the shore of Houhu Lake were burned down by foreign powers at 1860. The present landscape was rebuilt by 1986.