My eldest mother, as I have already said, is a female worker and always leads me. To put it bluntly, she is my nanny. My mother and many others call her that, which seems a bit polite. Only my grandmother called her Chang. I usually call her "grandma" without the word "long"; But when you hate her-for example, when you know that she killed my Tibetan mouse, call her Chang.
We don't have long surnames there; She is short and fat, and "long" is not an adjective. That's not her name. I remember she said her name. What girl, I have forgotten now, in short, not a long girl; I finally don't know her last name. I remember that she also told me the origin of this name: there was a female worker in my family who was very tall, and this was Zhen Achang. Later, she went back, and my girl came to fill the vacancy. But because everyone was used to screaming, she didn't change her mind and became a dragon mother from then on.
Although it is not a good thing to talk about people behind their backs, if I have to tell the truth, I can only say: I really don't admire her. What I hate most is that I often like to make a careful observation and whisper to people. Hold up your second finger, shake it up and down in the air, or light your opponent or nose. There was a little trouble at home, and somehow I always suspected that it was related to this "careful observation" that I was not allowed to walk, pull weeds and turn over rocks, so I was naughty and wanted to tell my mother. In summer, when she was sleeping, she put her feet and hands over and put a word "big" in the middle of the bed, so that I had no place to turn over and slept on the mat in the corner for a long time. It was already so hot. Push her, don't move; I'm calling her, but I don't smell it.
"Dragon mother so fat, must be very afraid of the heat? I'm afraid it's not good to sleep at night. ……"
Once my mother asked her after hearing my repeated complaints. I also know that this means asking her to give me more empty seats. She won't talk. But at night, when I woke up, I still saw the word "big" on the bed and an arm resting on my neck. I think it is really incredible.
But she knows many rules; These rules are probably my impatience. The happiest time of the year is naturally New Year's Eve. After I resigned, I got lucky money from my elders, wrapped it in red paper and put it on my pillow. I can use it at will as long as I stay overnight. Sleeping on the pillow, looking at the red envelope, thinking about the tambourine, sword, clay figurine and sugar bodhisattva that I will buy tomorrow. However, when she came in, she put another orange on the bed.
"Brother, remember!" She said with the utmost seriousness. "Tomorrow is the first day of the first month. As soon as I open my eyes in the morning, the first thing I want to say is:' Grandma, congratulations!' Remember? Remember, it's a year's luck. Don't say anything else! After that, I must eat some oranges. "She picked up the orange and shook it in front of my eyes twice." So, all the year round, downstream ... "
I remember New Year's Day in my dream and woke up early the next day. I had to sit up when I woke up. She immediately put out her arm and held me down. When I looked at her in surprise, she looked at me anxiously.
She shook my shoulder as if she wanted something. It suddenly occurred to me-
"Grandma, congratulations ..."
"Congratulations! Congratulations, how smart everyone is! Congratulations! " She was so happy that she smiled and put something cold in my mouth. After I was shocked, I suddenly remembered that this is the so-called Fuju, and the bitter days of the New Year are finally over, so I can get out of bed and play.
She taught me many things, for example, when a person dies, he should not be said to be dead, but must be said to be "old"; People who have died and given birth to children, don't walk into the house; When a grain of rice falls to the ground, it must be picked up, and it is best to eat it; Never drill under the bamboo pole for drying trousers. Besides, I have basically forgotten it now, only the strange ceremony on New Year's Day can be remembered most clearly. Bottom line: it's all so complicated, it's still troublesome to think about it.
However, there was a time when I had unprecedented respect for her. She often says "long hair" to me. Her so-called "long hair" is not only Hong Xiuquan's army, but also all the bandits and robbers later, except the revolutionary party, because it did not exist at that time. She has long hair and speaks horribly. They can't understand what she is saying. She said that long hair went to town, and the whole family fled to the seaside, leaving only a porter and an old mother who cooked. Later, long hair did come in, and the old maid called them "Wang". It is said that long hair should be called this way to tell her that she was hungry. Long hair smiled and said, "Well, I'll give this to you!" " "I threw a round thing with a braid, which was the head of a porter. The old cook was terrified from then on, but as soon as she mentioned it, she turned pale and patted her chest and said, "Oh, I'm so scared, I'm so scared ..."
I didn't seem to be afraid at that time, because I didn't think these things had anything to do with me. I am not a porter. But she probably realized it right away and said, "A child like you will be captured by long hair and be captured into long hair. There are also beautiful girls, but also prisoners. "
"Well, it's none of your business." I thought she must be the safest. She is neither a porter nor a child, and she is not good-looking. Besides, there are many scars on her neck.
"there? ! "She said seriously. "We are useless? We're going to be imprisoned, too When soldiers attacked outside the city, Long Mao told us to take off our pants and stand on the wall in rows so that the cannons outside could not be released. If you want to put it again, it will blow up! "
This is really beyond my expectation, and I can't help but be surprised. I always thought her stomach was full of troublesome etiquette, but I didn't expect her to have such great power. From then on, I have a special respect for her, which seems unfathomable; It's understandable that my hands and feet spread out over the whole bed at night, but I should give in.
Although this respect gradually faded, it completely disappeared, probably after knowing that she had murdered my Tibetan rat. At that time, she was seriously booed and scolded her often to her face. I think I really have no hair, I don't attack cities, I don't shoot guns, and I'm not afraid of artillery bombardment. What am I afraid of?
But when I mourn the hidden mouse and avenge it, I am eager to draw the mountain and sea classics. This desire was aroused by a distant great-uncle. He is a fat and kind old man who likes to plant some flowers and trees, such as Zhu Lan, Jasmine and Ma Yinghua, which is extremely rare and is said to have been brought back from the north. On the other hand, his wife is confused about everything. She once put a bamboo pole to dry clothes on a branch in Cynthia, and the branch broke, even cursing angrily: "Dead body!" " The old man is a lonely man. Because there is no one to talk to, he loves to associate with children. Sometimes he simply calls us "children". In the house where we live together, only he has many books, which is very special. Of course, there are also art and poetry. But I only read Lu Ji's Poems of Shi Mao, Plants, Birds, Animals, Insects, Fish and Sparse, and many books with various names in his study. My favorite at that time was "Flower Mirror", with many pictures on it. He told me that there used to be a painting of Shan Hai Jing. It was a beast with a face, a hydra, a three-legged bird, a man with wings, a monster without a head, two breasts and eyes ... but I don't know where it is now.
I really want to see such a picture, but I am embarrassed to force him to find it. He is lazy. Ask others, and no one will answer me truthfully. There are hundreds of lucky money left. If you buy it, there is no good chance. The street where books are bought is far from my home. You can only go to play once a year in the first month. At that time, both bookstores closed their doors.
There was nothing to play with, but as soon as I sat down, I remembered the painting of Shan Hai Jing.
Probably so obsessed, even Chang came to ask what Shan Hai Jing was about. I have never told her about it. I know she's not a scholar, so it's no use talking. But since I asked, I told her everything.
After more than ten days, or a month, I still remember that it was four or five days after she left home. She came back in a new blue coat. As soon as we met, she handed me Abao's book and said happily, "Brother, I bought you a classic of Sanhu!" "
I seem to have met a bolt from the blue, and everyone was shocked; Go and take it, open the paper bag, it's four small books, turn it slightly, a beast with a face and a hydra, ... Sure enough.
I have a new respect. She can succeed in anything that others refuse to do or cannot do. She really has great power. The resentment of murdering Tibetan rats was completely eliminated from now on.
These four books are my first and most beloved treasures.
The appearance of this book is still in sight. But as far as it is concerned, it is a very rough book. The paper is yellow; The image is also very poor, even almost straight lines, even the eyes of animals are rectangular. But that's my favorite book. It looks like a beast with a face. Hydra; A cow with one foot; Di Jiang is like a bag; Without a head, Xingtian, which takes the breast as the eye and the umbilical cord as the mouth, should also "dance in unity".
Since then, I have collected more books about painting, so I published Er Ya Yin Tu and Shi Mao Pin Tu Textual Research, as well as Dian Shi Zhai Cong Hua and Shi Fang Hua. Shan Hai Jing also bought another lithograph. Each volume has a picture, a green picture, and the word is red, which is much more exquisite than that woodcut. This was still there until the year before last, and it is the epitome of Hao Yixing. The woodcut can't remember when it was lost.
My nanny, the eldest mother, has been dead for about thirty years. I finally don't know her name and experience; All I know is that I have an adopted son, probably a young widow.
Good and dark Mother Earth, may her soul be in your arms forever!
A Chang and the Interpretation of Shan Hai Jing;
The first part introduces the origin of Chang's identity and address (a brief introduction to Chang's mother).
This part mainly introduces the names of different people of Dragon Mother and the origin of their names. My family is a feudal family with a strict hierarchy. Even nannies are called by different ages. My grandmother is the longest, so I call her Chang. My mother and Chang are equal. I call her "dragon mother" according to the child's statement. I am a junior, so I affectionately call her "grandma". The so-called "talking" in the first sentence of the article means that the author mentioned the dragon mother in the first article "Dogs, Cats and Mice" of "Morning Flowers and Evening Picks", which is a female worker who killed Tibetan mice. It seems to give people a bad impression by deceiving the young master with lies. So at the beginning of the article, the author inadvertently hinted at his dissatisfaction with his older mother.
Then in the second section of the article, the origin of the title "Dragon Mother" is introduced. The name "dragon mother" originally replaced the nickname of a former female worker in my family. This really makes us feel that she is even sadder than Kong Yiji. After all, people know that Kong Yiji has her own surname, and the eldest mother doesn't even know her own surname. Until 30 years later, when Lu Xun wrote this article, she didn't know her last name, which shows how humble her position is. Mr. Lu Xun once said that women in old China had not won the status of being human beings for thousands of years and were "worse than animals". Isn't this old mother whose surname has been forgotten a typical representative of rural women in China, Chichiwa? !
The second part describes the process from "I don't admire" to "unprecedented respect" and then "this respect disappears"
This part is divided into three levels:
The first level is to write "I" and hate it often.
Here, the author mainly chooses several typical examples to write about his dislike of big mothers. First, he is tired of his mother's verbosity ("she often likes to make a fuss"), and even suspects that his eldest mother is picking fights at home ("there is a little trouble at home, and somehow I always suspect that it has something to do with this" fuss "). Second, I am tired of my mother's restrictions on my actions ("I am not allowed to walk, I am not allowed to pull out a grass, and I am not allowed to turn over a stone"); Thirdly, I'm tired of my mother's sleeping space ("She puts her feet and hands out when she sleeps, and puts a big word in the middle of the bed, so that I have no room to turn over").
These things are written entirely from the perspective of a child. On the other hand, maybe she can't be said to be annoying. "I've always liked to watch cut tea" doesn't mean that the big mother is not a self-enclosed person? "I'm not allowed to walk around" is not the expression of the big mother's concern and responsibility for "me"? "When sleeping, she reached out her feet and hands again and put a big word in the middle of the bed." Is it because she is too tired to work during the day? Doesn't this just show the diligence of the big mother?
The second level (writing "I") is tired of long and complicated details.
This level is mainly aimed at many "rules" and "reasons" that annoy long mothers, with emphasis on the rules of the New Year. From lucky money to greetings to eating oranges, it is written in great detail. These are too annoying to me when I was a child, but in the eyes of readers, especially foreign readers, they should be appreciated as folk customs. Lu Xun once told his Japanese friend Masuda that in his "Flowers in the Morning", "there are too many customs and trifles about China, so I'm afraid it's hard to understand without comment". Lu Xun's description of China's unique long-standing, mysterious and strange folk customs makes his works have unique charm.
In the third level, Chang told me the story of "Long Hair", and he showed "unprecedented respect" to Chang.
This first tribute was caused by the story of "Long Hair" told by my eldest mother. The first half of the story is creepy, but because I think it has nothing to do with me, I don't feel terrible. However, when the eldest mother said that a row of women could stop the cannon from coming out by taking off their pants, I couldn't help but marvel, but I didn't expect her to have such great strength, and I especially admired her from then on. This is the first turning point from boredom to respect.
However, this respect gradually faded or even "completely disappeared" with the occurrence of the "hiding rat incident". Here, the author once again mentioned the "hidden mouse incident", which shows that this incident was very impressive in the hearts of young Lu Xun. So, what is the "hiding mouse incident"? According to Lu Xun's introduction in "Dog, Cat and Mouse", the opening work of "Flowers in the Morning", Tibetan mouse was a kind of little mouse that Lu Xun liked very much when he was a child. One day, he found the hidden mouse missing. His dragon mother told him, "The hidden mouse was eaten by the cat last night!" "
So, "I" hated cats. Later, "I" got an unexpected news: the hidden mouse was not actually hurt by the cat, but climbed up with its long mother's leg and was trampled to death by her mother's foot. From then on, "I" especially hated my big mother, and I was particularly tired of what my big mother said and did. In the middle of two stories about the elder mother, the author interspersed this "hiding mouse incident" again, one is to make the article stir up waves, and the other is to form a sharp contrast with the elder written below.
The third part is about my "new respect" for my eldest mother, because she bought me The Classic of Mountains and Seas.
The reason for my second tribute is my distant uncle's vivid introduction to Shan Hai Jing. How tempting it was for me when I was young, that is, "a beast with a face, a hydra, a three-legged bird, a man with wings, a monster without two breasts as eyes …"! Just when I wanted to have a quick look, my uncle didn't know where the book was, because he was lazy, and I was embarrassed to force him to find it. Ask others, others "refuse to answer me truthfully"; I want to buy it myself with lucky money. The bookstore is far from home. Even if I go, the bookstore is closed. My eldest mother came to ask what Shan Hai Jing was about. Although I told her, I know she is not a scholar, so I think it is useless to tell her. But just when "I" was almost completely hopeless, my eldest mother bought me Shan Hai Jing. The accumulation of this part is very sufficient, which makes the arrival of the big mother Shan Hai Jing unusual. "I" not only "seemed to meet a bolt from the blue, and everyone was shocked", but also said gratefully, "She can succeed whatever others refuse to do or can't do." Sighing that the big mother "has a lot of power." If the "divine power" written in front of the dragon mother taking off her pants to block the gun inevitably contains incredible irony, then using "really" to modify "great divine power" here fully expresses my gratitude and admiration.
It can be seen that the story of Shan Hai Jing is of great significance in my communication with my eldest mother. Completely subverted my original bad impression of my big mother, and I finally changed from "tired" and "annoyed" to "respectful" my big mother. The fundamental reason for this change is Shan Hai Jing, so it is not difficult to understand why the author chose Shan Hai Jing and A Chang as the title of the text in many events.
The fourth part mourns my eldest mother and expresses my deep memory of her.
At this point, the author's gratitude and respect for his eldest mother is beyond words, and finally unconsciously calls her "my nanny", a "more extravagant" person. Then I explained three things in seemingly simple language. First, it has been 30 years since my eldest mother died, which shows that time passes quickly; Second, I deeply regret that I don't know the name and experience of my most respected eldest mother so far. Thirdly, knowing that the eldest mother has only one adopted son, I guess that the eldest mother is a young widow and I sympathize with her unfortunate life experience.
In the last section, the author expressed his sincere blessing to the eldest mother with emotional imperative sentences and the second person: "kind and dark mother earth, may her soul be in your arms forever!" " "Mother Earth" here has two meanings. One is the "grave" (because it is "dark"), a place of constant rest; The second refers to "Mother Earth" (because it is "kind"). In Lu Xun's mind, Chang and "Mother Earth" have been integrated, and her soul has been "Yong 'an" there. The article ends with "kind and dark mother earth, may her soul live in your arms", expressing the author's deep memory of her great mother. It embodies all Lu Xun's feelings for his eldest mother and entrusts Lu Xun's heartfelt wishes to kind people. At this time, the old mother is no longer vulgar and ridiculous, only deep homesickness stirs in our hearts.
This is an essay mainly about people. According to the true nature of life, the author truly and affectionately reproduces the scene of Lu Xun's childhood with his great mother, and depicts a real, vivid and vivid image of ordinary working women-his great mother. She is talkative, informal and full of red tape, but she is sincere and enthusiastic, with the virtues of simplicity, generosity, kindness and kindness. The article expresses the author's deep nostalgia. His words are sincere, and his feelings are real and touching. The author is quite skilled in characterization, and the main features are as follows:
First, grasp the details. Writing characters is most afraid of drowning their distinctive personality in general narration. As the saying goes, it's necessary to write a novel because it depends on the details, but why not write a character essay? Lu Xun is a master of detail. In order to show that the big mother loves to talk and gossip, the author wrote that she "whispered a few words to people." Hold up your second finger, shake it up and down in the air, or light your opponent or nose. In order to show this big mother's rudeness and informality, the author wrote that she "stretched her legs and hands in the middle of the bed in summer".
A description about the morning of New Year's Day is also very vivid. When I woke up, I was about to sit up, but she immediately put out her arm and held me down. When I looked at her in surprise, I saw her looking at me anxiously. She shook my shoulder as if she wanted something. When "I" suddenly remembered my mother's reminder and shouted "Congratulations, Grandma" all night, she "smiled as if she liked it and stuffed something cold into my mouth". These details vividly show the big mother's concern and blessing for "me".
The second is detailed. Writing people's prose should avoid both triviality and carelessness. When Lu Xun wrote The Longevity Mother, there were both simple strokes and complicated strokes. In the second part, when I wrote "Tired of" my eldest mother, I simply wrote about her verbosity and control over "me", but wrote about her sleeping in detail. In this part, when I was writing "annoying" my eldest mother, I briefly wrote the general "truth" in life taught by my eldest mother, but wrote the "rules" of Chinese New Year in detail; The third part, when writing about "respect" for the old mother, although both things are complicated, the second part "Shan Hai Jing Incident" is written in more detail. Due to the proper handling of details, the article is patchwork and the characters are flesh and blood.
Third, I want to promote it first. This is an important feature of this paper. At the beginning, the article expressed the author's boredom and dissatisfaction with his eldest mother, her verbosity, the restriction of "my" freedom and her dissatisfaction with her poor sleep. There are too many rules to make her angry, and there are too many reasons to make her angry. Just when the reader seemed to think that the old mother was useless, the author turned to writing and wrote two things he admired in detail. Because the front is "suppressed" too much, the "Yang" at the back gives people the feeling that the peaks are protruding and the characters are instantly tall. Let's go back and discuss the theme of this article and see if the author has any mystery in it.
"Chang" is the name of the author when he hates his eldest mother. So "Chang" represents the emotion expressed by the author in the first half of the article. The "Shanhaijing" incident is an important event that completely changed my view of my big mother. It is precisely because of the "Shanhaijing" incident that I really changed from "hating" my big mother to "respecting" my big mother. Therefore, The Classic of Mountains and Seas is a representative event of respecting the old mother, and The Classic of Mountains and Seas represents the feelings expressed in the second half of the article. Then, does the title of this article "A Chang and Shan Hai Jing" imply the meaning of "from boredom to respect"?
Extended data:
Lu Xun (188 1 September 25th-19361October19), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou, later renamed Yushan, later changed to Yucai, "Lu Xun" is his1. A famous writer and thinker, an important participant in the May 4th New Culture Movement and the founder of modern literature in China. Mao Zedong once commented: "Lu Xun's direction is the direction of the new culture of the Chinese nation."
Lu Xun has made great contributions in many fields, such as literary creation, literary criticism, ideological research, literary history research, translation, introduction of art theory, introduction of basic science and research on ancient books collation. He had a great influence on the development of China's social ideology and culture after the May 4th Movement, and enjoyed a high reputation in the world literary world, especially in the fields of Korean and Japanese ideology and culture. He is known as "the writer who occupied the largest territory on the East Asian cultural map in the 20th century".
References:
Baidu Encyclopedia-Lu Xun