And the British inventor James? 1776, Watt introduced the world's first steam engine with practical value by learning from the previous experience and improving the shortcomings. In the era when internal combustion engines and motors were not used in industrial equipment, steam engines were very advanced. After it was popularized in Britain, the traditional manual labor production in Britain was completely transformed into power machine production.
The appearance of factories means that large-scale machine production replaced the traditional handicraft industry, so Britain took the lead in completing the first industrial revolution and became the first industrial country in the world, and its strength was greatly enhanced. At the same time, the Declaration of Independence was born in North America, and the North American 13 colony declared its independence from Britain and became an independent country, namely the United States of America.
The Declaration of Independence was adopted on July 4th, 776. Prior to this, because Britain insisted that colonies should unconditionally obey the British king, war broke out between the two sides; After the adoption of the Declaration of Independence, the American War of Independence was in full swing. Encouraged by it, people who suffered from colonial sufferings took an active part in the war. Seven years later, Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
Therefore, the 1970s of 18 was very special, and events in world history emerged one after another. At the aforementioned time node of 1772, Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty was also prepared to do a great thing. This year 1 1 month, Zhu Jun, an Anhui scholar, wrote to Emperor Qianlong, proposing the Ming Dynasty? An encyclopedia? "Yongle Dadian" is full of anecdotes, and Daqingyuan takes the previous generation. Should I compile a book belonging to the Qing Dynasty? An encyclopedia? Highlight the prosperity of the world.
This proposal was immediately approved by Emperor Qianlong, so the compilation and revision of Sikuquanshu was put on the agenda. Although the historical materials of Sikuquanshu are of high value, covering ancient and modern times, and covering almost all disciplines in China, such as literature, history, philosophy, science, industry, agriculture, medicine and so on. It has collected more than 3,460 kinds of books, 79,000 volumes and 36,000 volumes, but in the process of collecting books-the completion of the first draft-the completion of the final draft, it has collected a lot of ancient books? Was robbed? .
In the first part, there is a collection of books written by various people in the Ming Dynasty. Those whose words and meanings contradict the current dynasty should be eliminated ... how to repair their books! ? The meaning of this imperial edict is simple: Emperor Qianlong hoped to burn all the ancient books slightly involved in the Ming Dynasty. So Gan Long destroyed it once? Banned books? As many as 700 thousand pieces, even some stone tablets in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties have been worn away.
From 1774 to 1782, Zhejiang donated books 24 times, but they were found out every time? Banned books? A large number of books are burned every time. Therefore, when Britain carried out the industrial revolution and North America gave birth to the Declaration of Independence, in order to consolidate its rule, the Qing Dynasty was burning ancient books, restraining intellectuals, imprisoning public thoughts and maintaining feudal autocracy.
Books that can't be destroyed are tampered with and deleted when they are compiled into Sikuquanshu. It is said that Qin Shihuang? Burning books and burying Confucianism? As a matter of fact, Emperor Qianlong did the same thing when compiling Sikuquanshu? Burning books and burying Confucianism? Looking at the leopard in the tube shows that the culture of the Qing Dynasty was stagnant or even retrogressive. How to improve other aspects? No wonder the later Qing court was tottering and fell behind the world.