Foreword
This procedure is formulated to standardize the rock specimen collection work of practitioners, ensure the quality of rock specimen collection, ensure the integrity of collected specimens and the accuracy of records.
This procedure describes the technical requirements for field collection of rock specimens and the operating procedures and methods for the purchase, exchange, donation, and collection of rock specimens.
Appendix A to Appendix D of this regulation are normative appendices.
This regulation is proposed by the National Science and Technology Basic Conditions Platform.
The drafting unit of this regulation: China University of Geosciences (Beijing).
The drafter of this regulation: Su Shangguo.
This procedure is explained by the National Rock Mineral and Fossil Specimen Resource Sharing Platform.
1 Scope
This procedure stipulates the collection scope and terminology of rock specimens, rock specimen collection preparations, instrument and equipment requirements, collection steps, field processing of specimens, and packaging of specimens. Materials and packaging methods, specimen transportation methods, as well as information records, requirements and precautions for exchanging specimens, accepting donated specimens and requesting specimens, as well as the content, standard format and recording requirements of field records, etc.
This procedure applies to the collection of rock specimens.
2 Normative reference documents
The clauses in the following documents become the clauses of this regulation through reference in this regulation. For dated reference documents, all subsequent amendments (excluding corrigenda) or revisions do not apply to this standard. However, parties reaching an agreement based on this regulation are encouraged to study whether to use the latest versions of these documents. For undated referenced documents, the latest version shall apply to this regulation.
GB/T2260—2007 Administrative Division Code of the People’s Republic of China
GB/T9649.9—2009 Geological and Mineral Terminology Classification Code Part 9: Crystallography and Mineralogy
3 Terms and Definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this regulation:
a. Rocks: Rocks are naturally produced and formed by a A solid aggregate composed of one or more minerals (including volcanic glass, biological remains, and colloids).
b. Collection: refers to the process of collecting rock specimens into museums through various methods. Commonly used specimen collection methods include collection, purchase, collection, exchange, donation, transfer, allocation and reception, among which field collection is the main method, followed by purchase.
c. Gathering: refers to the specimens collected by professionals in the wild, mining areas, mines and other places, and the corresponding collection technical regulations are formulated.
d. Purchase: refers to purchasing specimens with collection value from individuals, units or companies, and formulating corresponding purchase operating procedures and methods.
e. Recruit (recruit): refers to collecting required rock specimens from relevant departments or individuals in the place of production by sending letters, phone calls, etc.
f. Exchange: Based on the principle of reciprocity or win-win, both parties with resources exchange rock specimens of equal value. The two exchange units agree in advance and sign an exchange agreement to achieve mutual support and adjust the surplus. , the purpose of exchange of goods and services, and the development of corresponding exchange operating procedures and methods.
g. Donation: refers to individuals, units or groups donating rock specimens owned by them to resource conservation units free of charge, and formulating corresponding donation operating procedures and methods.
h. Hand-in: refers to the superior authorities stipulating that the lower-level departments must hand over the research rock specimens to museums, research institutes or schools after completing their work tasks.
i. Transfer: refers to the way in which the actual management rights and responsibilities of rock specimens are transferred from one government agency to another, or transferred between different units of the same agency. The superior authorities allocate specimens between similar domestic museums, that is, optimize the allocation of national museum collection resources.
j. Take-over: refers to the transfer of rock gifts received at home and abroad by national government leaders or superior authorities to national preservation units for preservation.
4 Technical requirements for specimen collection
4.1 Collection preparation
4.1.1 Specimen collection tools and related data collection tools
Geological hammer, Chisel, coring machine, magnifying glass, compass, GPS, camera, video camera, etc.
4.1.2 Recording tools
Markers, tape (or double-sided tape), paint, dip pens (or markers), label paper, and field record books.
4.1.3 Specimen packaging materials
Sample bags or collection bags (small canvas bags), plastic bags (sealed well to prevent contamination and evaporation), glass vials (mainly used for specimens that are easily deliquescent and easily oxidized), as well as anti-vibration materials such as sponges, foam plastics, cotton, sawdust and wrapping paper.
4.1.4 Apply for a collection license
Go to the relevant department to apply for a mountain entry permit, a mine or mine permit, a national geological park or museum specimen collection and investigation permit, and specimen collection Certificates and insurance matters.
4.1.5 Protective equipment
According to the working environment and nature, some labor protection equipment should be appropriately prepared, such as eye protection, gloves, safety helmets and other protective equipment.
4.2 Steps for collecting specimens
4.2.1 General principles
The content of petrological research is to study the distribution, occurrence, structure, and structure of rocks in a certain area. Research on structure, mineral composition, geochemistry, isotopes and other characteristics to understand the petrogenesis of the area, the geotectonic background of the study area and the evolution rules of geological structures. Therefore, careful observation should be made in the field to understand the occurrence and spatial distribution of various rocks. characteristics, and at the same time, a sufficient amount of rock samples must be collected to meet the needs of various tests.
4.2.2 Requirements for collecting rock specimens
4.2.2.1 General requirements
The rock samples collected or collected should be important for understanding the evolution of the geological structure of an area. System samples of key areas that play a key role.
When collecting rock samples in the field, the name, occurrence, distribution, structure, structure, mineral composition and other characteristics of the collected rocks should be observed and recorded in detail. The collector, collection time and sample collection should also be recorded. number of pieces, etc. The rocks should be accurately named indoors through microscope observation and/or chemical composition testing. In addition, the mineral generations, mineral generation combinations, alteration characteristics, magma invasion stages and mineralization in the rocks should also be analyzed. Record. For ore bodies with complex rock (ore) types and large changes in mineral combinations, representative sections should be selected for systematic sampling and cataloging to facilitate the study of their spatiotemporal changes. The size and quantity of specimens collected shall be subject to meeting the above requirements.
In order to understand the temporal changes of geological bodies, the collected analysis samples should be sampled separately according to different ore bodies and different mineral combination types. In the same ore body, samples should be collected along the direction of greatest change in mineral composition. Minerals with different physical properties of the same mineral should be sampled separately. The selected analysis samples should correspond to the light film or thin section identification specimens.
If it is necessary to collect specimens that reflect the dynamic structural characteristics of diagenesis and mineralization, directional specimens should be collected, and the collected directional specimens should be marked with their occurrence and spatial location.
4.2.2.2 Quantity requirements for collecting samples
Each sample collected requires at least two specimens: one as a collection or display specimen, and the specimen size is usually: 3cm×6cm×9cm Or 3cm × 6cm × 12cm; the other one is used for slicing or analysis test specimens. The size of the chemical analysis test sample needs to be determined according to the specific situation.
4.2.2.3 Requirements for the quantity of rock samples for various tests
a. Major element analysis: the mass of rock samples is required to be no less than 1g.
b. Rare earth element analysis, trace element analysis (ICP-MS, plasma absorption spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectrometry, polarography, etc.): The mass of rock or single mineral sample is required to be 10 to 50 mg.
c. Artificial heavy sand: Depending on the content of accessory minerals, the total amount of sample required is also different. Generally, 10~50kg is collected, and it should be able to meet the requirements after indoor sorting and processing.
d. Sample requirements for isotope testing: In the field, rocks of different invasion stages and ore mineralization stages should be sampled separately. The collected samples must be fresh and unaltered, and the mass of the collected samples should be about 1kg.
e.Sr-Nd-Pb isotope: The mass of the whole rock sample is required to be no less than 1g.
f. Requirements for samples for Ar-Ar dating: a single mineral contains a certain amount of potassium, such as muscovite, biotite, hornblende, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, etc., sample size About 0.5g; the whole rock sample requires a particle size between 40 and 60 mesh and a mass of about 0.5g.
G.Sm-Nd legal dating requirements for samples: Mainly use whole rock samples or single mineral samples such as garnet and plagioclase for testing. The required sample mass is generally 1g per sample.
h. Sample requirements for zircon SHRIMP dating: zircon particle size should be above 40 μm, and the number of zircons should generally be greater than 50.
i. Re-Os method test sample requirements: mainly for the measurement of whole rock, molybdenite, etc., the sample mass should be at least 10ng.
j. The requirements for samples for Lu-Hf dating: mainly should be able to meet the requirements of plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) for whole rock, zircon, apatite, sphene, anisolite, For the determination of Lu-Hf isotope of polysilica muscovite, clinopyroxene, etc., the sample mass should be at least 10ng.
4.2.2.4 Requirements for some special specimens
For some toxic, harmful, and volatile rock specimens, direct contact with them should be avoided as much as possible during collection, and they should be sealed in a certain within the collection container. For samples containing radioactive elements, they should be placed in special lead containers.
4.3 Field records of specimen collection
4.3.1 Tools for field recording
Field record book (field book) (waterproof field book is best used) and Recording pen.
4.3.2 Contents and methods of field records
a. General principles for sampling records: All samples should be uniformly numbered consecutively, and the original records of samples should be made on site and consistent with The sketches and field record books match.
The production state of the rock must be described in detail, whether the rock is uniform, whether it is produced in the form of veins, rock strains or rock foundations. These characteristics are very important and need to be recorded. After collecting various samples, they should be registered in the relevant sampling register.
b. The original sampling record (recorded in the field book) should record the following items (see Appendix A):
——Specimen number;
— —Number of specimens;
—Name of specimen;
—Occurrence of specimen;
—Simple description of specimen characteristics;
——Place of origin;
——Longitude, latitude;
——Elevation;
——Collector, date of collection;
--Remark.
c. In addition to recording the above items in the field record book, a sample label should be placed in each sample bag. The number and rock that are exactly the same as those in the field record book should be recorded on the label. Name, generally only the same sample is placed in one pocket. In addition to the label inside the bag, the specimen number of the specimen placed inside the bag should also be written on the outside.
4.4 Preparation of specimens
4.4.1 Field trimming
For specimens collected in the field, first perform on-site trimming or preliminary processing, so that the collected specimens have It has a relatively regular flat parallelepiped shape, and a sufficient number of specimens must be collected for special requirements.
4.4.2 Organizing specimens
When sorting and collecting specimens, the collected rock specimens should be numbered. You can use an oil-based pen to write the number directly on an inconspicuous part of the specimen, or you can paint it first. (or put tape on it), and then number it with a blue or black pen that is not easy to fade; put the small specimen into a glass bottle, put the tape number on the glass bottle, and then fill in the label. Put the numbered mineral specimens into the sample bag and make corresponding records in the field record book.
4.4.3 Preliminary identification
After sorting out the specimens collected in the field, conduct preliminary identification, determine the names of the major categories, describe simple characteristics and possible utilization value.
4.5 Specimen packaging
4.5.1 General specimen packaging requirements
Sample bag (cloth), sample box (paper, wood or iron), Soft paper required for special rock samples, etc.
4.5.2 Packaging requirements for special specimens
a. Packaging of loose and soft rocks: Some special specimens that are easy to deliquesce and oxidize can be sealed and packed in plastic bags, etc. It states in detail: Delicate rock specimens should first be carefully wrapped in soft paper or kitchen roll paper, and then further wrapped in newspapers or foam materials for greater safety; for more fragile and softer rock specimens, It is best to wrap it in cotton or soft paper first, and then place it firmly in a box. When wrapping specimens in paper, they should be wrapped in shapes that are easy to stack, such as squares and bricks. In order to avoid wear and tear, the label should be folded and placed in a corner of the paper bag, and the number should be written 2 to 3 times on the label. Specimens packaged in this way can be transported in backpacks and rucksacks.
b. Packaging of volatile rocks: Pack in sealed containers (such as plastic bags).
c. Packaging of radioactive rocks, etc.: Pack them in special containers.
4.5.3 Packaging steps of specimens
After the samples are collected, they should be numbered (using paint or tape, etc.), registered, and filled in with labels on site, especially in the records. Indicate the specimen number, collection location, field naming, etc. in this book. Labels and samples should be packaged together, and finally numbered in the same order on the packaging paper, classified and packed into boxes. A sample list should be included in the sample box.
4.6 Methods of transporting and sending specimens
When sending specimens, the first option is to send them by parcel through the post office, followed by rail freight or road freight.
When shipping samples, they must be packed in boxes. The boxes must be filled with wood shavings, cotton or hay, etc., and secured with a baler or nails. The sample boxes should also be numbered.
Pay special attention to the following three points:
——Specimens must be numbered.
——Specimens must fill in the label, package it together with the label, and register it in the specimen registration book.
——Packaging requirements for special specimens: Special specimens that are volatile, easy to deliquesce, and easy to oxidize can be sealed in plastic bags, etc. Radioactive rocks require special containers to be packed and placed in the packaging box ( (or bag)); to ensure safety, the specimens should be placed in boxes that are not easy to bend and can be stacked firmly to avoid damage due to collision during vibration; to make the packaging more solid, you can stuff it with shavings and paper , or straw, hay, etc. (must be dry to prevent the specimen from growing mold).
5 Operating procedures and methods for purchasing, exchanging, donating and collecting specimens
While purchasing, exchanging, donating and collecting specimens, the relevant geological data of the specimens should be obtained from the other party , including the name of the rock, origin (as detailed as possible), occurrence, collector, collection date, test data and other information. In addition, formal publications related to the sample, sampling location maps, etc. should also be collected.
The technical requirements for packaging and transportation of specimens purchased, exchanged, donated, and collected are the same as 4.5.
5.1 Operating procedures and methods for purchasing specimens
Before purchasing specimens, you should obtain detailed information about the specimens to be purchased from the provider, including name, quantity, specifications, quality, photos, unit price and Please ask relevant experts to evaluate the total price, etc., together with your purchase purpose, and decide whether to purchase based on the evaluation results. When purchasing specimens for storage, you need to fill in the specimen storage evaluation report (see Appendix B).
5.2 Operating procedures and methods for specimen exchange
The method for specimen exchange shall be proposed by the specimen collection team, and the purpose of the exchange and the list of specimens to be exchanged shall be specified. The exchange method is evaluated and decided by relevant experts. The specimen collection team is responsible for matters such as sending and contacting exchange units for exchange specimens.
To send specimens out of the warehouse, fill in the outbound report form; to put in the specimens, fill in the inbound report form; to do both outbound and inbound work at the same time, use the two forms mentioned above.
Specimens that are exchanged into the warehouse must be logged in, and specimens that are exchanged out of the warehouse must be logged out and deregistered.
5.3 Operating procedures and methods for donated specimens
The person in charge of the collection storage department shall apply for the warehousing registration number, fill in the warehousing registration form (two copies, and add the warehousing registration number of the donated specimens) date), handle the storage registration and related documents, such as the minutes of the specimen review meeting and the evaluation report of the items to be added to the collection. Donated specimens must be put into storage and the unit must complete the donation acceptance procedures within one month of receipt.
The person in charge of specimen collection is responsible for obtaining a donation deed signed by the donor or a representative of the donation unit (see Appendix C). The donation contract is made in three copies. The first copy, the storage registration form and the list of donated specimens are archived in the collection storage department; the second copy and a copy of the storage registration form are submitted to the person in charge of specimen collection for archiving; the third copy is sent to the donor for storage.
The manager of donated specimens or the person in charge of specimen collection may request the Collection Custody Department to produce a certificate of honor (see Appendix D) for the donor.
Appendix A
(Normative Appendix)
Specimen Collection Record
Table A.1 Specimen Collection Record Form
Appendix B
(Normative appendix)
Specimen storage evaluation report
Table B.1 Specimen storage evaluation report
Appendix C
(Normative Appendix)
Specimen Donation Contract
Table C.1 Specimen Donation Contract
Appendix D
(Normative Appendix)
Certificate of Honor for Donated Specimens
Table D.1 Certificate of Honor for Donated Specimens