brief introduction
Gao Shi (700-765), the word Duff. Gao Shi was a famous frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, and was also called "Gao Cen" with Cen Can. The brushwork is vigorous and vigorous, full of the unique spirit of the times in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
The deputy generals Li and Wang were demoted and moved to the middle of summer and Changsha.
I don't know how you feel this time. Stop drinking horse wine and seek a place to be exiled.
Wuxia, the ape is sad and tears, Hengyang Guiyan brings me the book.
In autumn, the sails on the river are far away, and Baidicheng is sparse along the Yellow River.
The wise dynasty will now give more rain and dew. Don't hesitate to leave.
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Wang Wei
Wang Wei (699-759), a famous poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, was a famous official, originally from Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), moved to Yongji, Shanxi Province, believed in Buddhism, and lived in Lantian in his later years. He is good at drawing figures, bamboos and landscapes. There are two kinds of landscapes recorded by the Tang people: one is similar to Li's father and son, the other is painted by breaking ink, and the latter is his masterpiece. Unfortunately, no original works have been handed down from generation to generation. The Snow Stream Map and Jinan Mansion handed down to him are not original works.
Wang Wei was very literary when he was a teenager. In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was the first scholar, and he was very happy. I joined the army in Jeju for some reason. After returning to Chang 'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat. Wang Wei was demoted to the right. At that time, he wrote a poem "Dedicating the Beginning to Prosper the People", praising Zhang Jiuling's political views against planting party member for personal gain and abusing his title, which reflected his mood of demanding at that time. Twenty-four years (736), Zhang Jiuling went on strike. The following year, Jingzhou was relegated to a long history. Li's appointment as the secretariat was a turning point in Xuanzong period, and politics changed from relatively clear to increasingly dark. Wang Wei was depressed about Zhang Jiuling's demotion, but he didn't quit the officialdom. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was ordered to visit Cui, our envoy from Hexi. Later, he learned from the temple history that Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, on the one hand, officials were tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, on the other hand, they were attached to the stack and could not leave decisively. So when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and live a semi-official and semi-secluded life for a long time.
He used to believe in Buddhism. At this time, with the increasing negative thoughts, his Buddhist beliefs are also developing day by day. When he was young, he used to live in a mountain forest. After middle age, he once lived in Zhong Nanshan. Later, he found jobs in Wangchuan, Lantian and Song. So he travels among them with his good friend Pei Di and likes to write poems. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi rebels captured Chang 'an, Xuanzong entered Shu, and Wang Wei was captured by the rebels. Pretending to be ill after taking medicine, he was sent to Luoyang as a fake official. After the recovery of the two capitals, those who suffered from false jobs were convicted at different levels. He was praised by Su Zong for a poem "Ningbichi" that missed the Tang Dynasty, and his brother Wang Jin had a high official position, so he was only demoted to Prince Zhongyun, and later he moved something and finally became a senior official.
There are less than 400 poems by Wang Wei. Among them, the most representative of his creative characteristics is the description of natural scenery such as mountains, rivers and pastoral areas, and poems that recite seclusion. Wang Wei's high achievements in describing natural scenery made him unique in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and became the representative of the pastoral poetry school. He inherited and developed the tradition of writing landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and absorbed the freshness and naturalness of Tao Yuanming's landscape pastoral poems, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach a peak, thus occupying an important position in the history of China's poetry. Wang Jin collected more than 400 poems of Wang Wei in Biography of Wang Wei in Old Tang Dynasty. In addition, Wang Jin's "Entering Wang Youcheng Collection Table" was compiled as 10 volume. Shu Gu Tang originally contained the Collected Works of Wang Youcheng by Masha in the Southern Song Dynasty 10, and then it was returned to Lu Xinyuan □ Song Lou. Beijing Library has 10 volume of Wang Mosong Shu Engraving Collection, which was photocopied and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1982. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were six volumes of The Collection of Wang Youcheng, which were reviewed by Liu, and four copies were copied by You Qian, Lv Xiang and Cui Xingzong. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 10 volumes of Wang Youcheng's poems in the Tang Dynasty, among which 4 volumes of Selected Poems were the earliest extant annotations of Wang Wei's poems. Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng in Qing Dynasty is a good one so far. In addition to explaining all the poems, there are also notes to explain the author's suspicious poems, and occasionally textual research; Wang Wei's life information and poetry and painting comments were also collected as appendices. 196 1 year, Zhao Zhu was revised by Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company and printed and published. In addition, Zheng Zhenduo collated the four series with Zhao Diancheng's notes and other four versions, and included them in the World Library. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Both Gu's annotation and Zhao Diancheng's annotation are accompanied by Wang Wei's chronicle written by the annotator. There is a paper on Wang Wei's life story in Chen Yi today, and a chronology of Wang Wei is attached (on Tang poetry).
Wei Wang (? ~ 76 1) Poet and painter in Tang Dynasty. The word stroke. His ancestral home was Taiyuan Qi (now Qixian County, Shanxi Province), and his father moved to Yongji, Shanxi Province, so he became Puren. He eventually became a senior official and was called "Wang Youcheng" by the world. Wang Wei's life was full of literary talent when he was a teenager.
In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was the first scholar, and he was very happy. I joined the army in Jeju for some reason. After returning to Chang 'an. In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, Zhang Jiuling was appointed as the secretariat. Wang Wei was demoted to the right. At that time, he wrote a poem "Dedicating the Beginning to Prosper the People", praising Zhang Jiuling's political views against planting party member for personal gain and abusing his title, which reflected his mood of demanding at that time. Twenty-four years (736), Zhang Jiuling went on strike. The following year, Jingzhou was relegated to a long history. Li's appointment as the secretariat was a turning point in Xuanzong period, and politics changed from relatively clear to increasingly dark. Wang Wei was depressed about Zhang Jiuling's demotion. In "To Zhang, the Prime Minister of Jingzhou", he said: "Fang and the agricultural garden will plant the old hilly garden together." Expressing the meaning of seclusion. But he didn't quit officialdom. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan, he was ordered to visit Cui, our envoy from Hexi. Later, he learned from the temple history that Wang Wei's official position was gradually promoted. Before the Anshi Rebellion, when officials gave him something, they said, "I'm afraid I'll get tired if I don't have enough sex" ("Give it to my brother's treasurer □").
On the one hand, I was tired and worried about the officialdom at that time, on the other hand, I was attached to the stack and could not leave decisively. So when in Rome, do as the Romans do, and live a semi-official and semi-secluded life for a long time. He used to believe in Buddhism. At this time, with the increasing negative thoughts, his Buddhist beliefs are also developing day by day. When he was young, he used to live in a mountain forest. After middle age, he once lived in Zhong Nanshan. Later, he found jobs in Wangchuan, Lantian and Song. So he travels among them with his good friend Pei Di and likes to write poems. In the fifteenth year of Tianbao (756), the Anshi rebels captured Chang 'an, Xuanzong entered Shu, and Wang Wei was captured by the rebels. Pretending to be ill after taking medicine, he was sent to Luoyang as a fake official. After the recovery of the two capitals, those who suffered from false jobs were convicted at different levels. He was praised by Su Zong for a poem "Ningbichi" that missed the Tang Dynasty, and his brother Wang Jin had a high official position, so he was only demoted to Prince Zhongyun, and later he moved something and finally became a senior official.
Poetry Creation Wang Wei wrote less than 400 poems. Among them, the most representative of his creative characteristics is the description of natural scenery such as mountains, rivers and pastoral areas, and poems that recite seclusion. Landscape works such as Mount Zhongnan and Hua Yue depict majestic mountains, Riverside of Hanshui depicts vast rivers, Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains shows the fresh breath after autumn rain, Qingxi, Crossing Ji Xiang Temple, Shimen Jingshe in Lantian Mountain, etc. It is a well-known work to describe the quiet scene of streams or temples in the deep mountains. The five-character quatrains "A Miscellaneous Talk about Huangfuyue Yunxi" and "Collection of Wangchuan Bie" are a group of poems describing seclusion and seclusion, most of which are beautifully written, just like exquisite paintings. There are more than 65,438+00 poems describing rural scenery, such as Dedicated to Pei Shidi, Pastoral Work in Spring, Hope of New Sunshine, Farmhouse on Wei River, Family and Pastoral Music. , depicting the ordinary and beautiful daily scenery in rural areas. Wang Wei wrote a very peaceful and quiet farm life, and as a leisurely hermit, Tian Yelao used these poems to express his love for leisurely life. Other poems describing seclusion often have good scenery fragments, such as "Flowers are full of rock valleys, waterfalls reflect fir and pine" ("Wei Shirong lives in a mountain house"), "Sunset shines obliquely on the ferry, and smoke rises at night" ("A message from Wangchuan's parting business"), "Egrets fly in the secluded marsh, and Xia Shu is full of birds" ("Xichuan's parting business"). Draw all kinds of moving landscapes between Shan Ye.
Most of Wang Wei's pastoral poems depict the natural beauty, but at the same time, they reveal the leisure interest in the leisure life. Poets especially like to express a quiet and tranquil realm, and some works are desolate or lonely, showing indifference to reality and even Zen thoughts and feelings. After middle age, Wang Wei became increasingly depressed and sought sustenance in Buddhism and landscapes. He claimed that he was "happy when he realized silence, and he had more leisure in this life" ("A Pilgrimage in Busan"). This state of mind has been fully reflected in his poetry creation. In the past, many people admired Wang Wei's poems, on the one hand, because of his high artistic skills, on the other hand, because of his leisure and negative thoughts. In the Ming Dynasty, Hu Yinglin called Wang Wei's five-line poem "Zen", and said that two poems, Bird-singing Creek and Wu Xinyi, "I forgot my life experience after reading them, and my thoughts were all silent" (poems), which is proof. Legend of Snow Scene is a work about Wang Wei's parting and travel, and there are often some beautiful sentences describing the scenery, such as "Far trees lead, the sunset is red in the distant city" ("Sending money home") and "Half a mountain and half a rain, thousands of valleys come to the Silk Waterfall" ("To Li Shi in Zizhou"). The tides rise and fall on the earth (Farewell to Guizhou) and Lonely Smoke in the Desert.
Su Shi once said: "There are paintings in poetry, which are fascinating; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " Wang Wei is not only outstanding in literary talent, but also an excellent painter who is good at music. His profound artistic accomplishment, love for nature and long-term experience of living in the mountains make him have a keen, unique and nuanced feeling for the beauty of nature. Therefore, the landscape scenery in his works is particularly full of charm, often slightly exaggerated, showing a deep and long artistic conception, which is intriguing. His poems are very picturesque, with bright colors and a combination of motion and static, especially good at showing the changes of light color and sound in nature in detail. For example, the torrent buzzes on the piled rocks, but the light becomes dim among the dense pine trees (Qingxi), the brook sings on the winding rocks, the sun is reconciled by pines (through Ji Xiang Temple), bird watching creek, Chai Lu, Mulan Village, etc. , all have exquisite works. Wang Wei's landscape poems, usually in the form of five laws and five sentences, are short in length, delicate in language and soothing in syllables, which are especially suitable for expressing the tranquility of landscapes and the poet's leisurely mood. Wang Wei's high achievements in describing natural scenery made him unique in the poetry circle in the prosperous Tang Dynasty and became the representative of the pastoral poetry school. He inherited and developed the tradition of writing landscape poems initiated by Xie Lingyun, and absorbed the freshness and naturalness of Tao Yuanming's landscape pastoral poems, which made the achievements of landscape pastoral poems reach a peak, thus occupying an important position in the history of China's poetry. The illustration of Wang Wei's "Mountain Holiday Thinking of Shandong Brothers" is selected from the famous prints of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty.
Wang Wei also has many excellent poems in other aspects. Join the Army, Travel in Longxi, Yan Fenke, Hunting Observation, Frontier Conquest and Frontier Conquest are all magnificent works. "The Song of the Dragon's Head" and "The Journey of the Old General" express the sadness that the generals are not rewarded for their meritorious service, and reflect one aspect of the internal contradictions of the feudal ruling class. Yimen sang the chivalrous spirit of historical figures. The four poems in A Boy's Journey show chivalry, boldness, vivid images and smooth brushwork. These works are generally believed to have been written by Wang Wei in his early years. There are also some poems, such as Fu on Four Sages, Fu on Allegory, Fu on Unfortunate Encounter, etc., which were written when eunuchs relegated to Jeju. The fifth of Six Chances, Zhao Nv Yan Ya, expressed indignation at the unreasonable phenomenon that the rich nobles dominated the official career and the talented people were frustrated, and reflected some dark sides of feudal politics in Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods. Luoyang Galand and Xi Shi Yong express their feelings and satire for the strong through comparison. Women's sufferings are described in Mrs Xi and Ban Jieyu. They are sad and have certain social significance. Lyric poems such as Farewell to the Old Friend, I watched you go down the mountain, Send Li to Lingaotai to receive the legacy, Send Two Envoys to Anxi, Send Shen Zifu to Jiangdong, Miss My Shandong Brothers in the Mountain, Acacia, Miscellaneous Poems, and You from My Old Country have been told for thousands of years. "Send Yuan 20 An Xi" and "Acacia" were broadcast as music at that time and were widely sung. These poems are all five-character quatrains or seven-character quatrains, with sincere feelings, beautiful and natural language, simple and profound beauty, which can be compared with those of Li Bai and Wang Changling, and represent the highest achievement of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Wang Wei's portrait is selected from Thirty-six Poets.
What Wang Wei lacks in concentration is those eulogizing and eulogizing poems, flattering chorus poems and works that directly promote Buddhism. Their content is not enough, and their language is full of cliches or boredom. However, there are also some famous sayings, such as "the leaves covered by the spring rain are in the double wind of the imperial city in the clouds" ("looking down in the spring rain during the process of adding pavilions from Xianshan Palace to Hehuang Poetry"), which are also praised for their high weather and meticulous objects. The illustration of Wang Weishi's "A Boy's Journey" is selected from Yazhai block-printed edition of Wanli Collection in Ming Dynasty.
Wang Wei's creative talents are manifold. His five laws and five or seven words are the highest attainments, and he is also good at other subjects, which is quite prominent in the whole Tang Dynasty poetry circle. His seven laws are either rich and gorgeous, or beautiful and elegant, which were learned by the seven sons of the Ming Dynasty. Seven ancient poems, Peach Blossom, Old General and Answering My Brother with Cui Fu, are among the best among the seven ancient poems in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with their scattered forms and erratic momentum. Prose also has excellent works. The Book of Mountains Pei Xiucai's Cuisine is beautiful, meaningful and poetic, which is similar to its landscape poetry style.
Wang Weishi was famous both before and after his death. History says that "fame is in Kaiyuan and Tianbao, and the nobles and heroes are vain to welcome it, and the kings of Ning and Xue treat it as teachers and friends" (New Tang Book). Tang Daizong once praised him as "the literate sect in the world" (Answer to Wang Weiji, a letter to Wang Jin). Du Fu also called him "the most beautiful sentence in a full picture book" (the eighth of the twelve poems in Jieboredom). Yin□ said, "Uygur poems are elegant and original. It's a pearl in spring and a picture on the wall. Every word is different. " At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Si Kongtu praised him as "interesting and clear, clear and penetrating" (Comment on Poetry with Wang Jia). In the past, people once praised Wang Wei as "Shi Fo" and compared him with poet Du Fu and poet Li Bai. As far as ideological content is concerned, Wang Wei's poems are far from comparable to those of Li and Du Fu. In terms of art, Wang Wei did have his unique achievements and contributions. In the Tang Dynasty, the poems of Liu Changqing, Ten Talents in Dali, Yao He and Jia Dao were all influenced by Wang Wei to varying degrees. Until the Qing Dynasty, Wang Shi's charm still existed. In fact, his poems were regarded as poems. However, this school of poetry is often sentimental and lacks social content.
According to the research materials of this collection of poems and Biography of Wang Wei in the Old Tang Dynasty, Wang Jin compiled more than 400 poems of Wang Wei during the Dai Dynasty. In addition, Wang Jin's "Entering Wang Youcheng Collection Table" was compiled as 10 volume. Shu Gu Tang originally contained the Collected Works of Wang Youcheng by Masha in the Southern Song Dynasty 10, and then it was returned to Lu Xinyuan □ Song Lou. Beijing Library has 10 volume of Wang Mosong Shu Engraving Collection, which was photocopied and published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 1982. In the Yuan Dynasty, there were six volumes of The Collection of Wang Youcheng, which were reviewed by Liu, and four copies were copied by You Qian, Lv Xiang and Cui Xingzong. In the Ming Dynasty, there were 10 volumes of Wang Youcheng's poems in the Tang Dynasty, among which 4 volumes of Selected Poems were the earliest extant annotations of Wang Wei's poems. Zhao Diancheng's Notes on Wang Youcheng in Qing Dynasty is a good one so far. In addition to explaining all the poems, there are also notes to explain the author's suspicious poems, and occasionally textual research; Wang Wei's life information and poetry and painting comments were also collected as appendices. 196 1 year, Zhao Zhu was revised by Shanghai Editorial Institute of Zhonghua Book Company and printed and published. In addition, Zheng Zhenduo collated the four series with Zhao Diancheng's notes and other four versions, and included them in the World Library. For the deeds, see Biography of Old and New Books of Tang Dynasty. Both Gu's annotation and Zhao Diancheng's annotation are accompanied by Wang Wei's chronicle written by the annotator. There is a paper on Wang Wei's life story in Chen Yi today, and a chronology of Wang Wei is attached (on Tang poetry).
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