Cai Wenji is knowledgeable and talented, and has a good command of music. How do you write notes when reading Cai Wenji's articles? Come and take a look at the Cai Wenji's reading notes I carefully organized for you. I hope you gain something.
Chapter 1 of Cai Wenji’s Reading Notes
"Dong Si’s Wife" in Fan Ye’s "Book of the Later Han Dynasty. Biography of Women" is the earliest and most detailed biography of Cai Wenji. The article is not too long, and the retelling is easy to be distorted, so it is reproduced as follows:
The man who worshiped his wife Chenliu Dong was the daughter of Cai Yong from the same county. Her name was Yan and her courtesy name was Wenji. Erudite, talented in debate, and good at music. It is suitable for Wei Zhongdao in the east of Hehe River. Her husband died and she had no children, so she returned to her home. During the period of prosperity and peace, the world was in chaos. Wen Ji was captured by Hu Qi and lost to King Zuo Xian of the Southern Huns. In the twelfth year of Hu Zhong's reign, he gave birth to two sons. Cao Cao was fond of Yong Shan because he had no heirs, so he sent an envoy to redeem him with a jade and remarried him to Si. He was enshrined as the Commander-in-Chief of Tuntian, and those who violated the law should die. Wen Ji went to Cao Cao to invite her. At that time, there were famous officials and famous people who came to the post office from far away places, and the hall was full of authors. Cao said to the guests, "Uncle Cai is having sex with his daughter, and I want you to see her now." When Wen Ji came in, she walked around alone, kowtowed and apologized, and her words were clear and distinct. The purpose was very sad and sad, and everyone wanted to change their appearance. Cao Cao said: "We are honest and sincere, but what can we do if the document is gone?" Wen Ji said: "In the Ming Dynasty, there are tens of thousands of horses in the stable of the Duke, and there is a forest of tigers and warriors. Why would you regret that a quick horse ride would not help the dying person?" Cao Cao felt that he was in trouble. To say so is to pursue the crime of the original sacrifice. It's cold, so give them a headscarf and socks. Cao Yin asked: "I heard that Madam's family had many tombs in the past, but can you still remember them?" Wenji said: "In the past, my late father gave me four thousand volumes, but I have been living in ruins, so there are no surviving ones. What I am reciting now is cut into four." There are more than a hundred chapters. "Cao said: "I will ask the ten officials to write it now." Wenji said: "I heard about the difference between men and women, so I didn't teach them the etiquette personally, so I asked for paper and pen." So I wrote it. The book was sent and the text was correct. Later, he was sad and confused, and he recalled his grief and anger, and wrote two chapters of poetry. ......?
The first chapter is the five-character poem we are most familiar with: "The Han Dynasty lost power, Dong Zhuo was in chaos, and he wanted to usurp and kill, and he first killed all the virtuous people." ......? The second chapter is a seven-character song of Chu: ?We are suffering from the troubles of the world, and our clan is in ruins! ......? In addition, there are some that are not found in "Book of the Later Han Dynasty" The famous "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" is said to be her work. The contents of the three poems are all about the contradiction between her love for the motherland and her mother's love when she left Hu and returned to Han. Whether these three poems are all written by Cai Wenji has always been discussed, and there is no consensus. The three poems are very lovely, so they have been passed down. In comparison, the five-character poem and "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" have distinct and prominent artistic images, sincere emotions, and touching hearts; therefore, later poets have given them very high evaluations.
Judging from the above biographies, the reason why Cao Cao redeemed Wen Ji was because he had always been kind and grieved that she had no heirs - purely out of "righteousness". Guo Lao's script was changed to Cao Cao asking her to come back to continue her father's legacy and help write and compile the continuation of the Han Dynasty. ?This is fiction. Mr. Guo said that this fiction is based on what is said in the "Book of the Later Han". Cai Wenji traced it all from memory, and it probably contains Cai Yong's historical works. Therefore, the script says that Cai Wenji provided very valuable materials in the writing of the Book of the Later Han Dynasty. ?
However, in the biography of "Book of the Later Han" quoted above, it is clearly pointed out that it is an ancient book collected by the family, not Cai Yong's own work. Otherwise, if what Wen Ji records is a precious work left by Cai Yong, how can we know that it is Wen Wuyi?
Of course, when a playwright writes a historical drama, he can completely make up some things. . In fact, the idea that Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty for the purpose of writing history has already been seen in the Zaju "Wen Ji Enters the Fortress" by Chen Yujiao of the Ming Dynasty, and "The Lady of the House" by Nanshan Yishi of the Qing Dynasty.
Chen Yujiao's "Wenji Enters the Fortress" said that after Cao Cao read the half-part poem written by Wenji on the wall of the post when she entered the Hu from the Han Dynasty, he felt very sad and thought that the middle man had a daughter. , Cai Yan is innocent. The jade in the box is still sitting on the manure waiting to be removed. Continuing the history of history, completing the articles of a generation; exempting the yellow sand, hating Luo Qi for thousands of years. ?Then he sent someone to redeem her. There is only one fold from the original play, which is dedicated to describing the tragic scene when Wenji entered the palace and separated from her son. The author does not explain whether he is revising history or not, and does not need to explain it.
Nanshan Yishi's "The Lady of the Middle House" has four main chapters: redeeming a concubine, returning to the Han Dynasty, consummating marriage, and revising history (?).
There are four sentences at the beginning of the play: "Correcting the name": "The old traitor who values ??literature and despises wealth conceals the truth from his friends, Jun Wenji, who reads her father's books, works as a male worker, is abandoned by the lonely and cowardly king, and falls in love with the poor Dong Si's wife." Honorable husband?. The play narrates that Cao Cao felt that the history of the country had not been revised yet because Haidian was rough and the wars had stopped, so he chose "famous elders and sages" to write "The Messenger". His real intention is that he is afraid of his painstaking efforts. ?Will it be ruined by frivolous scholars who smeared here and there? Because no one under his command could compile history, he thought of his old friend Cai Yong and Wen Ji, and decided to redeem her and make her take on this important task. Later, Wenji succeeded in compiling history, and her evaluation of Cao Cao was indeed not low, saying that he was "wise, wise, holy, martial and divine". And he said: "Look at how many ruthless yellow scarves, the bottom of the sword is dead; the treacherous servants are eliminated, the tip of the sword is dead; the Ni Taishi is ruined, and he is executed under the chariot; until the cunning and Wenhou, the sunflower is in front of the steps." ?Looking at those two Yuans and Liu Biaoshuangshuang! Fu Dongwu, subjugating the Shu state, it is really the foundation of the Han Dynasty to establish the Wenjing. Who can be more humble than you, Zhou Wen, Bo Wutang, and you can overwhelm the ministers and ministers of thousands of generations. Brilliant, matched with Qianqiu Emperor and King?!
In this play, the reason why Cao Cao wanted to ransom Wenji back was to let her write the history of the country and praise himself. She completed this mission, and Cao Cao's goal was achieved.
Moreover, Wen Ji in the play consciously lowers her ambitions and humiliates her body. She misses her hometown all day long and spends her days in sorrow. Therefore, when she heard the news of her redemption, she was secretly happy and pretended to be sad. When she left the Huns, her husband and two children were crying till the sky was dark, but she was indifferent and said nothing. She just looked slightly sad.
After returning, Cao Cao immediately married her to Dong Si, her father's student who had also promised marriage in the past. The couple lived a very happy life.
Therefore, the author fictionalized the plot of Cai Wenji’s history revision, and there is nothing inappropriate about it.
The situation in Mr. Guo’s drama "Cai Wenji" is completely different. First, she has a very good relationship with King Zuo Xian, and she loves her children as much as her soul. Not only in the Southern Xiongnu, but also after returning to the Han Dynasty, they have been thinking about them bitterly. Second, if she did not have a great and lofty purpose in returning to the Han Dynasty, it would never dilute her sorrow for losing her children and husband. Therefore, why Cao Cao ransomed her back has become the key to this play.
Mr. Guo also assumed that she would come back to help write the continuation of the Han Dynasty. However, as mentioned before, this lacks historical basis. Therefore, Mrs. Guo only said in the play that she had transcribed hundreds of her father's writings and provided a lot of valuable information for the continuation of Hanshu, that's all. This means that Cao Cao's necessity to take her back to Han is not very convincing. No wonder some viewers said after watching the play: If it is just for this purpose, then let Cai Wenji trace her father's legacy in the Southern Huns. Why must she return to the Han Dynasty?
It can also be seen from the stage: all the scenes showing Cai Wenji's inseparability from her children, and the subsequent scenes where she misses her children without sleep and food, are very touching; because they are real and natural. As soon as Dong Si used those high-sounding principles to persuade Wen Ji, she said loudly: "What you said is so good!" And she immediately admitted her mistake, saying that she would listen to the advice and correct the mistake. People will feel : This is artificial and untrustworthy.
Finally, the scene where Cao Cao presided over the marriage and united Dong and Cai was also very uncomfortable. The play tells us: Although they are relatives, they have not seen each other for many years. Dong Si was sent as an envoy, and his only mission was to persuade Wen Ji to return to the Han Dynasty and return her to Ye safely. Under such circumstances, especially when working under Cao Cao, who had a mountain of law enforcement, Dong Si could not and would never dare to have other ideas. As for Cai Wenji, since she has such deep feelings for her husband and children, how can she get involved with other feelings in a short period of time? Yes, Dong Si saved Wenji from sorrow, but that was his own mission . If Wenji is allowed to haggard and die, Dong Si's fate is of course unknown. Wen Ji also rescued Dong Si, but that was to uphold justice and distinguish right from wrong. An upright person would do that. There is no other motive at all here. They were separated for eight years and had no contact with each other.
Suddenly, out of the blue, the two met. What's even more surprising is that a third party came forward and wanted to do justice for heaven and force the two of them to join together and make them a couple. This is really an astonishing move, but for the parties involved, especially Cai Wenji's situation is indeed very embarrassing.
After seeing this part of the play, I naturally thought of the last verse of Cai Wenji's "Poetry of Grief and Indignation": "Entrusted to new people, work hard on your own, wandering becomes despicable, often afraid of returning to donation" Waste. ?--She could only nod to the marriage that Cao Cao arranged for him; because she was "disgraceful" and was the so-called "concubine born with a beard and a shame"; not to mention that the person who presided over the marriage was the one who was so angry as thunder. , What about Cao Cao who is happy with the spring day? When Cai Wenji left the Xiongnu, she was forced and could not help herself; her final marriage was also at the mercy of others, just like a puppet. We sympathized with Wen Ji's experience, and naturally felt extremely indignant at Cao Cao's manipulation of power.
Therefore, it is difficult for the audience to understand: Why does Cao Cao insist on separating family members and holding grudges for the rest of their lives? Can this be said to be what a benevolent person who treats the people as his equal should do? To praise Cao Cao with such a thing that is not only not worthy of praise, but also deserves to be cursed, the result is of course counterproductive.
Therefore, I say that it is inappropriate to choose the matter of "Wen Ji's return to the Han Dynasty" to overturn the case for Cao Cao.
Chapter 2 of Cai Wenji's Reading Notes
I calmed down and read "Cai Wenji" in my hand. Cai Wenji's talent is really amazing, but her fate is regrettable.
Cai Wenji’s name is Yan, also known as Wenji and Mingji. Her father is the famous Confucian Cai Yong. Cai Wenji was born in such a family, and she was influenced by her childhood. She was both knowledgeable and literary, good at poetry, and good at eloquence and music. It can be said that Cai Wenji had a happy childhood. Unfortunately, changes in the current situation interrupted this happiness. Cai Wenji married three times in her life. Before she was plundered to the southern Xiongnu, she married into the Wei family in Hedong. The Wei family belonged to a noble family in Hedong. Her husband Wei Zhongdao was an outstanding scholar in the university. The couple were very loving, but unfortunately their good times did not last long. Within a year, Wei Zhongdao died of hemoptysis. Cai Wenji never gave birth to a son and a half daughters, so she left the Wei family and returned to her hometown. Unexpectedly, a good and knowledgeable woman would have such a miserable fate and such an unhappy married life! In the melee between warlords, Cai Wenji and many other captive women were taken to the Southern Huns. During these twelve years, she married King Zuoxian of the Xiongnu and gave birth to a pair of children. Live a loving and happy life. At the same time, Cao Cao became the prime minister and took the emperor to order the princes. When he learned that she had been taken captive to the southern Xiongnu, he immediately sent an envoy carrying a thousand taels of gold and a pair of white walls to redeem her. Cai Wenji left her husband and children in pain and returned to her hometown. After Wenji returned to the Han Dynasty, she left behind the touching "Eighteen Beats of Hujia" and "Poems of Sorrow and Indignation". "Poetry of Sorrow and Indignation" is the first autobiographical five-character long narrative poem in the history of Chinese poetry. Cai Wenji is indeed very talented. Cai Wenji wrote 400 articles from memory without any errors, which shows Cai Wenji's high talent. Cao Cao brought Cai Wenji back and did a good thing in preserving ancient culture. Historically, it has been said that "Wen Ji returned to the Han Dynasty" is a good story. Cai Wenji married Tian Xiaowei Dong Si under the arrangement of Cao Cao. The rough fate seemed to follow this poor orphan girl without letting up. In the second year after her marriage, her husband Dong Si committed a crime and deserved death. She ignored the disapproval and came to Cao Cao's Prime Minister's Palace to plead for mercy!
I admire her very much from the bottom of my heart. She envied her very much. No matter what, her life is full of legends and true love! Human society is like a big drama, performed in scenes, and everyone plays a role on this stage, performing joys and sorrows. However, a person's destiny is often not something he can control. If you just complain and resent all the misfortunes in life, you may only make yourself more miserable. If you can detach yourself from it and look down upon all the grudges, joys and sorrows in the world, then you can understand the true meaning of life and gain true freedom and detachment. Although Cai Wenji had a rough life, she was able to ignite her love for life through her own salvation.
Perhaps it is because she has experienced many joys and sorrows in life that her life is endowed with legend and true love!
Cai Wenji’s Reading Notes Part 3
Today, I read "Cai Wenji Learns the Piano" 》This article.
Cai Wenji was an outstanding female poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty in my country. Her father Cai Yong was a famous writer and calligrapher in the Eastern Han Dynasty. He was very accomplished in music. Cai Wenji also liked music very much. Every time Cai Yong played the piano, she listened carefully and started to learn. When she saw that her father had a very beautiful piano, she wanted to use it well, but her father told her that she could only use the piano well after practicing with an ordinary piano. Later, Cai Wenji practiced the piano assiduously, and even knew the sound of the piano clearly. Finally, I got my wish and used that good piano.