1, handwriting: Bai Juyi's poem "Su Xiangshan Temple Appreciates Guangling Cattle, Seeing the Messengers": "An eight-part poem written in calligraphy, never meeting, but still."
2. Handwriting: Han Yu's Book with Ezhou: "It's the previous situation. You need to describe your sincerity. You can answer it with Handwriting as soon as possible, which will increase your happiness."
3. Hands on: Article 36 of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "(Cheng Yu) Xu's mother, like her own mother, always feeds things, so she must have hands on it. Xu Mu also began to answer. "
4. Handcuffs: Ming Dynasty Shen Defu's Ye Huobian, Taiwan Province Province, Fang Xinyu Battle: "There are many people in the worry room, so please submit all handcuffs in advance."
5, ruler and ink: "Hanyuan New Book Dai (Upper Ganzhou Judgment)": "Editing ruler and ink, dripping water."
6. Handwriting: Handwriting or drawing is called handwriting. Therefore, personal letters are also called handwriting. Liu Yuxi's On Du Situqi: "Nearby, Xu Zhijun arrives, imperial edict."
7. Notes, notes: articles and letters written in person are called "notes"; Handwritten notes, diaries and letters are called "notes". For example, in the Ming Dynasty, Zhang wrote a letter to the governor of the market town: "Yesterday, because of Zhao Shuai, I met with Li Shoushu." The subtitle of Lu Xun's novel Regret for the Past is Juansheng's Notes.
8. Letters from home: Song Zhao Jian's poem "Wenling Waikou Terrier": "Letters from home are as heavy as gold, and I don't know dreams."
9. The family asked: "The Biography of Zhou Shujin's Party Protection": "I didn't expect that today, I had to ask my family, sobbing on paper and saying nothing."
10, home news: Li Yu's Story of the Middle Building: "I still have home news, which can be sent to the Dragon Officer in Dongting."
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12, rural letters: refers to letters from hometown people or family members, but mostly refers to the latter. Liu Tang Changqing's poem "Going to the Building with Gentlemen" said: "There is no hometown letter in the north, and the car is stagnant."
13, Zhubao Ping An: The Tang Dynasty said: "(that is, Li Deyu, the prime minister of the Tang Dynasty) said that only Tongzi Temple in the northern capital (that is, Taiyuan) has a bamboo nest, which is only a few feet long. According to legend, his temple Wei Gang (the monk in charge of temple affairs) reported Pingan Bamboo every day. " Later, it was called Ping An Jiaxin with "Bamboo Newspaper for Peace", also referred to as "Bamboo Newspaper".
14. Brocade: The words made of brocade originated from a sad story. For example, Fan Chengda's poem "On the Road" said: "There is no brocade in the guest, and there is snuff in the hometown." Brocade is also called "brocade". Books, brocade, brocade, brocade.
15, Jin Zishu: Li Bai's poem "Farewell": "Don't return in late spring, see cherry blossoms in the jade window. There is a brocade book that makes people think deeply.
16, Jinwen: Feng Menglong's "Hang Zhi Er Patience": "Brocade, shipped back." Given her fickle fate, she is still an enemy. In the past, women called her Prince Charming.
17, Brocade: Liu Jian, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "Complaining for Women": "I sent a brocade with infinite meaning, why didn't Sai Hong return?"
18, Jin Zhongshu: Tang Gengyong's "Ancient Meaning" poem: "Under the leaves, the window is cold with silver candles, crying from the grass brocade."
2. The ancient letter appellation is different from the ancient letter appellation in China. Books refer to letters, believers.
Later, letters were generally called letters. In other words, modern letters were usually called "books" in ancient times.
"Zuo Zhuan" records: "The uncle made the son produce books." Famous letters, such as Sima Qian's Letter to Ren An.
In modern Chinese, "book" still retains the meaning of "letter", such as "letter from home". The nicknames of ancient letters are as follows: before Jane invented papermaking, China used to cut bamboo slices into long and narrow ones as writing materials, which people called Jane.
The bamboo pieces used to write letters are called bamboo slips. The thin and small wood used for writing in ancient times was called bamboo slips. When writing bamboo slips in the Han Dynasty, the width of imperial edicts was less than 3 feet, while the width of ordinary letters was only 1 foot, so letters were called letters.
In ancient Cambodia, Cambodian bamboo slips were very common, including letters, business cards and posts, such as invitations, greetings and books. In ancient times, white silk was called plain silk.
Letters written in white silk (or silk) are called geometry, and later "geometry" became synonymous with letters. Stationery was originally a beautiful piece of bamboo for people to write poems or draw pictures.
General stationery is also called stationery, and later it is synonymous with letters. The letter originally refers to the envelope of the letter.
In ancient times, letters were sent in wooden boxes, which was called letters. Later, letters were called letters, such as letters, letters and official letters.
Zaza refers to ancient letters and public and private documents. According to "Selected Works" and "Nineteen Ancient Poems and Seventeen Poems", there is such a poem: "Guests come from afar, leave me a book."
Zagreb originally meant small wooden slips used for ancient writing. The word "letter" is still widely used.
The nicknames of the above letters are all related to the materials used in writing letters in ancient China. In addition to the above nicknames, there are some nicknames in ancient letters.
In ancient times, there was a saying that Hongyan handed down books. This allusion comes from Wu Zhuan: "The son of heaven shoots at the forest and gets a goose, which is covered with silk books and speaks eloquently in a river." So, later, red rocks were used instead of letters.
Carp also refers to letters. This allusion comes from the poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave" written by Han Yuefu: "A guest came from afar, left me a pair of carp, called boiled carp, and there were letters in it." There are several ways for carp to call letters. One is called Pisces. For example, in the Song Dynasty's "Butterfly Loves Flowers", "There is nowhere to ask if the butterfly flies, and the tall buildings are separated by water, and the Pisces are broken."
The other is called "double carp". Liu Yuxi's poem "Send Cui out" says: "Acacia looks at the Huaihe River, and double carp should not be rare." Han Yu's poem "Send Lutong" also includes the poem "Send Long Bearded Carp".
In Li Shangyin's poem "To Secretary Hu Ling", "Song and Shu have been away from home for a long time, and the two carp are separated by a piece of paper." Some of them are directly called "fish books", and the poem "Recalling Yu Di" by Wei Gao, a poet in the Tang Dynasty: "There is no fish book in the Yangtze River, and it is like a piano to send acacia."
Because carp is often used instead of letters, the ancients often made letters into carp shapes. In the poem "Han Yuefu", there is a saying that "the ruler is like a remnant of snow, forming a pair of carp. You should know well and read the books in the curtains. " Letters also refer to letters.
Letters originally refers to the mailbox of letters. After ancient letters are written, they are usually found in a bamboo tube or wooden tube and then sent out. There is a phrase in Li Bai's poem, "Peach and bamboo calligraphy, elegant writing".
Later, the book tube also became synonymous with letters. For example, there is a saying in Zhao Fan's poem in the Song Dynasty: "I am afraid that there will be no geese in Hengyang, and the book container will not disturb people."
Eight-part essay is also another name for letters. In the past, letters had eight lines per page, so they were called eight-part essays.
Li Xian quoted Ma Rong's "Zhang Dou Shu" in the Book of the Later Han Dynasty: "Meng Ling's slave came and gave him a book. He saw the handwriting ... Although there are two books, eight lines of paper and seven words." Wen Tingyun wrote: "Eight lines, a thousand miles of dreams, flying in the south."
Book: A letter from home is a letter from home, and a personal letter is a personal letter. "Spring Hope" poem: "After three months of war, a letter from home is worth a ton of gold".
Letter: Even if the memorandum is a letter, the official letter is also an official letter, and correspondence is religious belief. Zagreb: Great Zagreb is an important letter, and a gift letter is a gift letter.
The poem "Nineteen Ancient Poems" says: "Guests come from afar, leave me a letter". Jane: Letters are letters, and lowercase letters are letters. A letter about education in China written by Ye Shengtao was published under the title of China Education Letters.
Note: Note is a letter, while Brocade and Flower Note are the laudatory names of letters. Letters: Letters, because in ancient times, one-foot-long wooden slips were often used to write letters.
Zusu: That is, silk script, with a foot-long white silk script to write letters. The poem "Drinking Horses in the Cave of the Great Wall" says: "Guests come from afar, leaving me a pair of carp, which are well known."
Hongyan: The classic comes from Hanshu: "The son of heaven shoots wild geese in the forest, full of silk books, and speaks eloquently in a river." Later, Hongyan became synonymous with the letter.
3. The honorific word of address in classical Chinese is 1. Ling: Used before nouns or adjectives to show respect for relatives of others, meaning "beautiful". For example:
Your parents: honorifics for other people's parents.
Your brother and sister: a courtesy title for another brother and sister.
Your son and your love: honorific words for other children.
Sequential draw: address other people's wives respectfully.
Kinship: addressing the relatives of others.
2. In ancient times, the first step was originally used as a title of respect for superiors at a lower level, and later it was mostly used among peers in letters.
In the past, children's letters to their parents began with "parents below their knees". People often lean on their parents' knees when they are young, and use the word "below the knee" in their family books to show their respect and love for their parents.
4. Seating: Taoist seating is often used as a courtesy title for students to teachers. Lecturer and lecturer are also honorifics for scholars engaged in education and lectures, but for peers, there is no need for a teacher-student relationship between the writer and the recipient. Writing seats, writing seats, and historical seats are all honorifics for scholars, and they are often used interchangeably among scholars. Writing is writing. History refers to the history of works handed down from generation to generation.
4. China people's names of "Xin" are: Yan Shu, (), Xin, () China people's names of "Xin" are: Yan Shu, (geometer), Xin, (library manager) and so on.
Yanshu: It's a Chinese character, which comes from "Nine Days of Huaifeng Yuanji" and is interpreted as a letter.
Size element: Suu fabrics, such as silk and silk. Han Yuefu's poem "Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Grottoes" includes: Hu Er cooks carp, and there are books in it.
Letters: refers to letters, letters and letters.
Book tube: in ancient times, book tube was basically interpreted as a tube for holding books and credits, also referring to letters. Mostly porcelain, but also a small amount of wood and jade. Can be loaded with bamboo slips, calligraphy and painting. It can also be interpreted as another name for letters.
Extended data
Alias of ancient letters
1, Tuo: A thin and small piece of wood used for writing in ancient times, called Tuo. When bamboo slips and bamboo slips in the Han Dynasty were written together, the imperial edict was no more than three feet wide, and the general letters were no more than one foot wide, so they were called tuo.
2. Cambodia: In ancient times, Cambodia and Jane were commonly used, which were the general names of letters, business cards and posts such as invitations, congratulatory letters and letters.
3, vegetarian: In ancient times, white silk was called vegetarian. Letters written in white silk (or silk) are called geometry, and later "geometry" became synonymous with letters.
Writing paper: Writing paper was originally a beautiful bamboo for people to write poems or paintings. General stationery is also called stationery, and later it is synonymous with letters.
4. Letter: The original letter refers to the envelope of the letter.
5. Zagreb: Zagreb refers to ancient letters and public and private documents. Zagreb originally meant small wooden slips used for ancient writing. The word "letter" is still widely used. Jane: Before papermaking was invented, long and narrow bamboo pieces were used as writing materials in China. People call this kind of bamboo chip Jane. The bamboo pieces used to write letters are called bamboo slips.
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5. Classical Chinese letters, explaining sudden words ... in a hurry. Jiang Zaibai is his elder brother in the same year of engagement. The seventeenth.
This sentence means that it starts with Han Jiang and has content in the middle. The content is to thank Han Jiang. It turns out that the thing now is to thank him. This is in a hurry, which means I was in a hurry and didn't have time to talk. Not declaring means not telling. Jiang Zaibai is his elder brother in the same year of engagement. The seventeenth. This is the last sentence of the letter, that is, call Han Jiang again, and then the time is seventeen.
I'm sorry ... nothing. Before the stage, I made a suggestion. This is Mi Fei's Gan Hui Post (sitting in a book with Si Jiantai).
I think it means don't write.
White of Xi: If you don't judge, how can you respect your body? This is Wang Xizhi's He Rutie.
White people in Xi: What if you don't judge your body? Tell me later. Cold hooligans in the middle of semantics. Looking for white. Xi's white.
Wang Xizhi told me: I wonder how you are recently? Talk about (this matter) later. I can't do anything because I'm sick with a cold. I'll let you know after exploring. Xi's announcement
White is a usage when writing letters, similar to Wang Xizhi's colon and the colon when we write letters now. If you translate it, just translate it into complaints.
No trial means I don't know. There is also a pause after the word "non-trial", which is a form of honoring books, such as empty words and holding to show respect.
These three are ancient letters, invitations and the like. Search the original picture to see, mainly to appreciate calligraphy. To know the specific meaning, we must combine the writing background and writing habits at that time.
6. The writing format of China's classical letters.
The text of the letter, that is, what the writer said to the recipient, is the main body of the letter.
The text starts from the second line of the letterhead, preceded by the word blank. If the prologue is on a separate line, the text can be written on the next line of the prologue.
The contents of the letter are different, so there is no need to unify when writing, and the principle is accurate expression and accurate meaning. ordinary
Generally speaking, talk about each other's affairs first, show concern, attention or gratitude and respect, and then talk about your own affairs.
After the text is written, if there is any omission, it can be added at the end; Or write it in the lower right corner of the letter.
White, and add the words "other" and "again" before the postscript; Or write "and" or after the postscript.
The word "start over".
label
The conclusion, that is, the conclusion of the letter, should be part of the text. But similar to the "prologue", the old
A series of commonly used concluding remarks have also been formed in English letters, which are still frequently used in books and bamboo slips from all walks of life. I might as well list some here for your reference.
Books are short and long, so I won't repeat them one by one.
Forgive me one by one.
7. The classical Chinese about honesty: Ceng Zi kills pigs.
Ceng Zi's wife's city (1), his son cried. His mother said, "If a woman gives back, she must turn her back and kill for her.
When his wife was in the market, Ceng Zi wanted to catch and kill the fourth one. His wife stopped saying, "I'm playing with the baby."
Ceng Zi said, "Babies must play with their ears. Babies must be knowledgeable, treat their parents and scholars, and listen to their parents. Today's bullying is Loongson's bullying. "If a mother cheats her son and he doesn't trust his mother, then he will become a teacher."
Then you can cook it.
Selected from Han Feizi, Integration of Scholars by Zhonghua Book Company, 1954 edition.
To annotate ...
1 city: market.
2 women return: go home. Female, same as "Ru", personal pronoun, you.
(3) Kill a woman: When I come back, I will kill a pig for you. Looking back: I came back from the street. Reverse, pass "return", return. Bi: Read "Zhi", which means pig.
(4) (Ceng Zi wants to catch and kill) 1: Pronouns refer to pigs.
My wife just came back from the market. This is a daily - happened thing.
6 play with the baby: just joking with the child. Te … er: but that's all. But, uh, just. Ear, the same as "er", that's all.
⑦ Don't play: Don't joke. ...
The child cheated him today: now you cheated him. Son: You, you call each other.
Pet-name ruby then: just.
Participate in adult education: Education is effective.
⑾ Cook them one by one: So I killed the pigs in cook the meat to eat.
Translation:
Ceng Zi's wife went to the market, and her son cried to follow. His mother said to him, "Go home and kill the pig for you when I come back." Ceng Zi will catch pigs and kill them as soon as he comes back from the fair. His wife stopped him and said, "It's just a joke with the children." Ceng Zi said: "(Wife), children can't joke with him! Children have no ability to think and judge, waiting for their parents to teach and listen to their parents' teaching. If you cheat a child today, you are teaching him to cheat others. If the mother cheats the child, the child will not believe her. This is not the way to educate children to be gentlemen. "So (Ceng Zi) killed the pig and cooked the meat (for the children).