"Xiang Jun" and "Xiang Madam" are collectively called "Two Xiangs", which may be used to welcome the male and female gods of the Xiang River, or be blamed for obscene words, or talk about witchcraft, and some say it is There are many things to say about musicals. Since ancient times, there has been no theory of male gods in Xiangshui River, so welcoming male and female gods is nothing more than conjecture. Whether it is primitive religion or gods breaking faith, they should not be the real facts. Qu Yuan's works are literary works, after all, they are not religious superstitions. Without the premise of literature, it is difficult to carry out research in depth. We believe that "Xiang Jun" and "Xiang Madam" are works by the writer to express his ambition and express his feelings. They record the historical events of Qu Yuan's self-imposed absence and recall, and reflect his changes in thought after his exile.
1. The failure to admonish oneself and the call of beauty
The ending words of "Er Xiang" are not very different. "Xiangjun" said: "Donate the remaining pieces to the river, the remaining pendants to the sour puddles, and the fragrant islands to pick up Du Ruo, and the leftovers will be used to give birth to a daughter. The time is not available again, and we can chat happily and happily." "Mrs. Xiang" Said: "The remaining months of the month are in the middle of the river, and the remaining lapel is in the vinegar pond." If you are an official in Lun Tingzhou, you will leave behind those who are far away. The time is unexpected, and it is easy to talk freely. "Yu Biao" sentence, according to research, how can the sleeves be thrown away? How can the undershirt be taken off and given away? This is considered to be a contradiction. Therefore, new theories are constantly being used to explain it with the word "tongqi", and some are criticized as On the typo. In fact, this is not a typo, nor is it a typo. The similar endings of the two poems express different moods and situations, which can be said to be a subtle statement.
The jade piece was what Fan Zeng repeatedly suggested to Xiang Yu at the Hongmen Banquet recorded in "Historical Records", which meant determination and severance. Then the poet threw the pendant into the ethereal water, leaving Fangzhou's Du Ruo helplessly as a "servant". She was not a "beautiful woman", and she lamented that she was so proud that "it's too late to find her again", so she wandered around in a daze and carefree. The reason for the farewell feeling of throwing jade pieces and pendants is also written in the poem: "Looking at the future of my husband, who thinks about it. "; It is known that the reason why he threw the block was that the king did not come, but it does not mean that the behavior was rash, because the poet still "thought of the king in secret" after "the girl went to bed for Yu Taixi" and remained loyal. And he did not change his loyalty. "If your heart is not in agreement, the matchmaker will work hard, and if you are not very kind, you will be disrespectful." He asked the mediator to pass on the news for him many times, hoping that the two would be harmonious, but he could not bear to be ignored. "Free time", originally there was good news, and we agreed on a date, but it happened that the time was wrong and he did not keep his word. He excused himself and said that he could not have free time. Therefore, after the poet rushed to Jianggao and fell into despair, he "donated the remaining pieces to the river" with sorrow. From It can be seen that throwing blocks means despair.
However, "Mrs. Xiang" is completely opposite to this. Although the emperor's eyes were noisy and worried when he came, he was already "with me." The good time is coming in the evening", because "I heard that the beautiful woman is here to call me, and she will fly away together". And "nine doubts are coming together to welcome you, and the spirits are coming like clouds". The mountains are happy and the rivers are smiling. Therefore, the poet "donates his remaining sleeves" In the middle of the river, there is still a piece of clothing left on the Suanpu River. As the saying goes, swinging your sleeves toward the middle of the river to express your pride is really a free and unrestrained romantic stroke. How is his Tingzhou Du Ruo doing at this time? He wants to "take care of those who are far away". "The time comes suddenly" means that good opportunities are rare, which means that Wang Yi cannot be too proud. At this time, "Liao Xiaoyao Xi Rongyu" is already a kind of leisurely and contented appearance, not a confused and clueless appearance.
In the past, we all thought that Qu Yuan was exiled, but in fact he was not. An important way for the ancients to resist persuasion was to leave, which is what the Analects of Confucius said: "If you give up, you will hide", and "If you don't follow the path, you will ride in the sea." This has been frequently seen in pre-Qin classics and is no longer common knowledge. If the king wants to use it again, he will often give it a ring. If he doesn't use it, it will be represented by a block. "Baihutong·Dongfang" says:
Translated by ancient ministers, where can we go if we don't follow suit? According to the law, Li Zhongbei is a lonely and evil king. On the day of departure: "If someone has a stubborn temperament and is too stupid to be used, please retreat and avoid the virtuous. If the king is virtuous, treat him with courtesy, and the minister will be released. If you don't treat him with courtesy, drive him away. What will happen if you treat him with courtesy? I have thought carefully about the master's words, but I have not found the way. I will not stay here now. There is no way to block the virtuous people. What do you want to do? Then send the master to the suburbs to realize that he can use it, so it will take three years. "In ancient times, there was a minister who had a minister. You didn't call him for three years, so you came back to the king's mind. What you have said is not in line with etiquette and justice. If you want to sin, you can get it! "Yuan Shen Deed" says: Three admonitions are waiting to be released. , after three years of exhaustion, Hong Kong is tired; therefore, if you say that you are guilty, you will be released. The thing has been done, disaster is about to come, and the minister is waiting to be put in the suburbs. If the king does not cut off his salary, it means that he does not want him to go, and the way is not suitable for him. If the eldest son of his wife is sacrificed in the ancestral temple, it will be the opposite. If he is given a ring, he will go.
From the two poems mentioned above, we can see that "Xiangjun" should be It was written when he was about to leave the country, and "Mrs. Xiang" was written when Jianyan returned to the court. Therefore, the meaning of Kuai Xie is very clear from "Li Sao" and "Hunan". Comparing it with "Jun", the gift of the block should be given by the king when he was about to write "Li Sao" in the suburbs. Throwing the block at this time was an expression of his own despair, or the intention of Yuxiang Jun, not only from Erxiang. Zhongding saw that "Li Sao" also said accurately, such as "How can we be together when we are separated? I will go far away to distance myself." "Self-estrangement to a distant place means not listening to advice. After all, self-estrangement is not exile. That's why Qu Yuan finally complained that "no one in the country knows me" and "there is no one to care about the government." These are all self-estrangement and dissatisfaction. Words.
From the perspective of "Suddenly visiting my late husband's hometown", the poet was not too far away from the capital when he wrote "Li Sao" and was still in his old hometown, which is what "Baihutong" said in the suburbs.
Qu Yuan actually wrote clearly in "Historical Records: Biography of Qu Jia", "King Huai asked Qu Yuan to make a constitution, but Qu Ping's draft was not yet finalized. Shangguan officials saw it and wanted to seize it, but Qu Ping did not Because of the slander, he said: "The king sent Qu Ping to serve as an edict. Everyone knew that every time he issued an edict, Ping defeated his achievements. He said: "I thought it was not me who could do it." The king was angry and dismissed Qu Ping. The king was not wise, the slander and acquaintance obscured his knowledge, the evil tune harmed the public, and the uprightness was not tolerated, so he wrote "Li Sao" with sorrow and meditation... At this time, Qu Ping was sparse and no longer in office, so he made Yu. Qi." It can be seen from this that Qu Yuan was withdrawn rather than released. According to "Mrs. Xiang", it was during the period of self-sparing that he was summoned to be an envoy to Qi. According to poems such as "Mrs. Xiang", Qu Yuan's self-isolating location should be between Dongting Lake and the Xiang River. Asked at that time, "Li Sao" should have been written in the fifteenth year of King Huai, before "Qin wanted to attack Qi"; "Xiangjun" was also written in the next one or two years; and "Madame Xiang" should have been written in the seventeenth year of King Huai In 1999, when Qu Yuan returned to Beijing and joined Qi Dynasty, it had been nearly three years since the writing of "Li Sao".
It can be seen from the above that during the period when Qu Yuan wrote "Mrs. Xiang" and "Mrs. Xiang", he was summoned by the "beautiful lady" (the monarch) and returned with the poem "Mrs. Xiang", and then went to Qi as an envoy. country. Donating pieces and donating hands are not typos, but artistic expressions of different mentalities.