It means that a gentleman is knowledgeable, while Japanese participants help themselves.
The juxtaposition of tables means knowing what is clear and what is wrong.
I've been thinking about it all day.
It shows that you are taking the road of climbing (this sentence can also be modified)
It means that karma makes virtue, and the gods are complacent.
This table needs perseverance.
When is it fun to express conditions? Sentences can be translated into talents without translation.
The difference is that tables are translated into more and more, tables are translated into more, and then, and then.
Is the first personal pronoun of Zhi (pronoun) produced? Snake catcher theory
Two or three personal pronouns will make me lose face. Biographies of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru
Demonstrative pronoun, what does Erchong know? Free walk
(Verb to, going to Xiang Bo is a night-time Pei Gong army. Hongmen feast —banquet offered with ill intentions
Auxiliary words are located between subject and predicate, which cancels the independence of sentences. Longzhongdui
I can't think of it for the time being, but there should be many examples.
I don't know how to read Tybent's symbolic sentences. Teacher theory
Who can observe the post-attributive symbols and who can accept the materials? the biography of qu yuan
I am a senior three graduate this year, and the other two words haven't been sorted out yet. Please forgive me. In addition, the classical Chinese dictionary we used in senior three was compiled by Shi Dong and published by Yunnan People's Publishing House. Personally, I think it is very useful. Many examples in it are from textbooks and recommended by our teachers. You can try. If you have any questions about Chinese, please don't hesitate to ask and do your best to help!
2. Classical Chinese keyword translation 1. Judging from its changes, heaven and earth can't be instantaneous.
Blink: blink your eyes and roll your eyes. This refers to an instant and describes a very short time.
2 ... moved by my words, she stood there for a while, but she was very anxious.
Sit down: Go back and sit down. But: step down; Step back.
No, the distance in a straight line is not one hundred steps.
Straight: Just, just.
I don't know if I'm hungry.
Hunger: People who starve to death. Yi: pass "Yi", the deceased; Dead bodies.
5. persevere, you can't carve rotten wood.
Wedge: verb, engraving; Carving.
6. Prince Wei said, I am willing to get it. Micro: negative adverb, nothing; No. There is a hypothetical situation here, which is generally translated as "if there is no" and "if there is no".
7. The king of Qin will say that he wants to see the minister, and the minister will repay the prince.
Say "Yue", here as an adverbial, can be translated as "gladly" or "gladly".
8. I hope I dare not be virtuous.
Bede: abandon kindness; Break someone's manners. Times: preach "paradox", violate, here means betrayal. Germany: noun, ende Grace.
9. Now man is a knife and I am a fish. Why should I quit?
Used for:
(1) The first two "Wei", the predicate verb, is.
(2) The last "wei" is an interrogative modal particle at the end of the sentence, which can be translated as "ne" here.
10. Before I was born, my knowledge was solid in front of me.
Hu: equivalent to "Yu", preposition, in.
3. Junior middle school classical Chinese keywords 1. Ann: 1, how to (ask it to go to Wan Li Road) 2. Support (food and clothing) 2. Humble: 1, low (unnatural) 2. Low status (the first emperor didn't use E799BE5BAA6E4B893E5B as a minister)
(Written by predecessors, The Story of Yueyang Tower) 2. Yes. At one time, all the wonderful things were ready for "ventriloquism". Get ready.
I have to prepare to do "Stone Gull" in the morning. Be: 1, influence (in the afterlife) 2. The same as "wearing", wearing (full embroidery) 5. Be contemptuous: 1, the border (there are two monks in Shu who are "learning") 2. Mean and short-sighted. (Twilight City Yueyang Tower) 2. Despise
(Don't underestimate the "model") 3. Small thickness. As thin as a money lip "trap") 8. Strategy: 1, push.
(Ma Shuo before Policy) 2. Whipping and driving away. (The policy is not based on its mode "Ma Shuo") 3. Record.
(Biography of "Mulan Poetry" by Ce Xun) 4. Strategy. (idiom "helpless") 9. Length: cháng 1, length.
The length of the ship is about eight minutes. The story of the nuclear ship) 2. As opposed to "short". (Beishi bought a whip "Mulan Poetry") 3. Long-term health
I hope people live a long life. ) 4. forever. (The deceased has long been known as the "stone gull") 5. ZH ǐ ng, ranked the largest (Mulan has no eldest brother ("Mulan Poetry") 6. ZH ǐ ng, the team leader.
(Guangwu, a former leader, wrote Chen She Family) 10. Say: 1 Be firm and cooperate (say he is too angry/can't say it before) 2. Praise (the first emperor called it energy).
4. The key words in the translation of classical Chinese should be interpreted in every word, mainly literal translation, supplemented by free translation. We should try our best to keep the language style of the original text. For the steps of classical Chinese translation, we should first read the full text, grasp the main idea of the article, and be aware of it. Never rush to translate as soon as you come up. When we encounter difficult words in translation, we can put them aside first and then weigh them after the translation is completed. In order to prevent mistranslation, omission and Song translation, the basic methods of classical Chinese translation are literal translation and free translation. The so-called literal translation refers to the word-for-word translation of the original text with modern Chinese words, so that the content words and function words are as relative as possible. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the meaning of the translated sentence is difficult to understand and the language is not fluent enough. The so-called free translation means translating according to the meaning of the sentence, conforming to the original intention as much as possible, and taking care of the original intention as much as possible. Free translation has certain flexibility, which can add or subtract words, change the position of words and change sentence patterns. The advantage of free translation is that the meaning is coherent, and the translation conforms to the expression habits of modern languages. It is fluent, fluent and easy to understand. Its disadvantage is that sometimes the original text can't be realized literally. These two translation methods should be literal translation, supplemented by free translation. Second, the specific methods of classical Chinese translation: leaving, deleting, supplementing, changing, adjusting and changing. "Leaving" means retaining. Words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places and things, can be translated. (2) make up the omitted elements in the ellipsis sentence; (3) Make up the omitted sentences. Note: Fill in the omitted components or sentences with brackets. "Change" means replacement. Replace ancient words with modern words. For example, replace "I" with "I" and "er, such as" with "you". "Adjustment" means adjustment. Invert ancient Chinese. In order to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese, "change" means flexibility. On the basis of being faithful to the original text, related words can be enlivened, such as "calm waves" and "calm on the lake". In the past two years, the investigation of classical Chinese translation in college entrance examination has changed from choosing right or wrong to translation, which has increased the difficulty of answering questions, and all of them are questions, as if there is no trace to find and no way to start. Actually, there is no way to start. Play a wonderful Classical Chinese Translation Quartet: 1. Attention should be paid to supplementing omitted sentence elements in translation. Ellipsis exists in classical Chinese, such as omitting the subject, omitting the predicate verb, omitting the preposition and omitting the object. When doing translation questions, you must pay attention to supplement the sentence elements omitted from the original text first, otherwise the translation will be ambiguous and unreasonable. 2. Translation should pay attention to adjusting word order. There are four types of classical Chinese: subject-predicate postposition, attributive postposition, prepositional structure postposition and prepositional object postposition. Only by adjusting the word order in translation can translation be easy, otherwise it will be easy to upset and give people the feeling that "two monks are at a loss". 3. Pay attention to flexible use in translation. Some notional words in classical Chinese can temporarily change their parts of speech and usage in a certain language environment, which is flexible use. There are mainly verbs, adjectives and so on. Adjectives and nouns are used in a conative way, nouns are verbs, nouns are adverbials, etc. In translation, we should grasp the temporary meaning of words. 4. When translating, we should grasp the key words, contact the context and make key breakthroughs. In classical Chinese reading, some sentences often affect the understanding of the whole sentence because of individual words. This word is the key word. We should understand and comprehend it in the context. To sum up, it is not difficult to translate classical Chinese correctly as long as you work hard and master it flexibly. Mastering the Key Points and Skills of Classical Chinese Translation In 2005, "sentence patterns and usages different from modern Chinese" were included in the college entrance examination. The examination of this knowledge point is probably reflected in the translation questions. Therefore, how to translate classical Chinese well has become the focus of candidates' attention. First, look at parts of speech-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the flexible use of parts of speech: flexible use of parts of speech is the content of the college entrance examination in 2005. It is a unique grammatical phenomenon in classical Chinese, mainly including the flexible use of nouns, verbs and adjectives. When translating, we should be good at determining the part of speech and meaning of flexible words by analyzing the grammatical structure of sentences. Second, observe the sentence pattern-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the characteristics of the classical Chinese sentence pattern: the classical Chinese sentence pattern has been included in the proposition scope of the college entrance examination in 2005, which requires us to master the different characteristics of the classical Chinese sentence pattern, especially the judgment sentence, passive sentence, ellipsis sentence and prepositional object sentence. Generally speaking, these sentence patterns have linguistic markers, so we can judge which sentence features they belong to by identifying these linguistic markers. Third, understand the meaning-grasp the preparation countermeasures from the meaning of key notional words: the so-called key notional words refer to those words that play a key role in a sentence, and their definitions are usually different from those of modern Chinese or have multiple meanings. In a sentence, verbs are the most important notional words, followed by adjectives and nouns. In addition, we should also pay attention to loanwords and ancient and modern meanings in sentences.
5. Key sentences in classical Chinese Key sentences in classical Chinese: (1) Special sentences in classical Chinese: 1. The remarkable feature of classical Chinese judgment sentences is that a noun or noun phrase directly acts as a predicate to judge the subject. The judgment sentence in modern Chinese generally uses the judgment word "yes", while the "yes" in ancient Chinese is mainly used as a demonstrative pronoun. Before the Han and Wei dynasties, it was generally not used to form a judgment sentence. The basic form of classical Chinese judgment sentences is as follows: (1) Use "... also". For example, "Lian Po was the general of Zhao Zhiliang". (2) It is composed of "... also". For example, "I lived in old Tu Shan and my nephew left ... Qizhi's words were also used. (5) Use the words "Wei", "Nai", "Ze" and "namely" to judge. For example, "Fu Su is an upright son. "(6) Use" not "before the predicate to express negative judgment. For example, "this is not empty talk. "(7) Use" yes "to express judgment. It is called passive sentence. Its common forms are: (1) with "Yu" as the symbol, such as "civil strife, Zhang Yi bullying outside." ② Use "seeing" as a symbol, for example, "Qin is not in his place, but only sees his bullying." (3) with "see. Yu "as a symbol. Fear is the first thing to do. (6) Use "quilt" to express passivity. For example, "the romantic wind is always blown away by the rain." (7) There is a direct passive relationship between the subject and the predicate. For example, "showing filial piety is not acceptable." 3. Inverted sentence (1) verb inversion: For example, "It's too much, you don't appreciate it!" (2) Preposition object: (1) In negative sentences, pronouns are prepositional objects. For example, "it is impossible for people to make promises." () In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects. For example, "What are you trying to say?" () Use "Zhi", "Shi", "Zhi Wei" and "Wei Shi" to advance the object. For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I'm confused." (3) Attributive postposition: (1) Ten attributes, such as "One Ma Qianli" (2) Ten attributes, such as "Asking for help can make you report to Qin. Put it after verb predicate. For example, The Battle in the Long Spoon () uses the object-object structure of "Dao" as an adverbial, which is placed after the verb predicate. For example, "Give it to the palm" 4. Omit the subject in the ellipsis sentence (1), such as "Take me to the army, and the public will enter. "(2) omit the predicate. 1, son of Yu, brother Ming Jinye. 2, the minister's favorite, Master Dao. 3. Father of Liang, general of Chu State, Xiang Yan. 4. With Zhao Wang. 5, so that he does not insult the princes. 6, believe and see doubt, loyal and slandered. 7. being merged by others. 8, grazing with slander. 14, where is Pei Hongan? 15, the stone is loud. 16, many people were drowned by horses. 17, a young busybody in the village domesticated a bug. 18, a pair of jade barrels. 19, teachers don't have to be superior. 20, the meeting will be held in Dangyang, Ban Long. 29. When it is impulsive for the stream in the valley. 30. Liu Bei is fierce in the world. (2) The so-called fixed sentence pattern in classical Chinese is an idiom in classical Chinese expression. It is used in a relatively stable language environment to express usually fixed meanings. Let's summarize the common fixed sentence patterns in classical Chinese. 1 ... is a common rhetorical sentence pattern in ancient Chinese. ("The Analects? Learning)-isn't it a pleasure to study and review on time? (2) The world is crowded, but it is treason. Is genocide inappropriate? ("Historical Records? "The Biography of Huaiyin Hou"-The world has been decided, and even plans to rebel. Isn't it right to be wiped out by barbarians? 2.Why … for (using … for, mocking … for) "He" is an interrogative pronoun, "Why" means "how to use" and "Wei" is an modal particle. Why … for can be translated as What should (take, use) … do (do)? ("Ji Jiang Attack")-Zhuan Xu is a vassal of Lu, why should he attack? (2) Hanwang also realized that because of his repeated scolding, he said: "A gentleman decides to be a vassal, which is the ear of a true king. Why is it fake? ("Historical Records? "Biography of Huaiyin Hou"-Hanwang Liu Bang also woke up, so he scolded: "The gentleman who is a vassal is the true king. What do you want to be a fake king for? "3. Male ..." He "is an interrogative pronoun, which can be translated as" why "or" how "and used as an adverbial before the verb; "Wei" is a rhetorical modal particle, which can be translated as "Ni" at the end of the sentence. For example, (1) Now man is a knife and I am a fish. Why should I resign? People nowadays are like kitchen knives and chopping boards, and we are (like) fish and meat. How can we leave? (2) The ears of cattle and animals nowadays, not to mention asking? Ma Xi Zhong's Biography of the Wolf in Zhongshan-This cow is just an animal, so why ask? (3) What should I do if the sky dies? ("Historical Records? Biography of Xiang Yu)-God let me perish, why should I cross the river? 4. Male ... You ... This is the usual form of rhetorical question, and the word "zhi" is an auxiliary word, indicating that the object is ahead. "You" is a verb and "He ……" is its object. It can be translated as "what" or "what". Pay special attention to "he" is not an object, but an object. ("Mozi? Lost ")-what crime did Guo Song commit? (2) If you throw meat at a tiger, what merits do you have? It's like throwing meat at a hungry tiger. What's the effect? In ancient Chinese, this is a common idiom used to express rhetorical questions.
6. To learn classical Chinese well in English translation, we should do more topics in this field or read more books on classical Chinese, and translate more articles and stories in classical Chinese to improve the level of classical Chinese. Classical Chinese teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching, and classical Chinese test questions are the highlight of college entrance examination. Students often ask, how can we learn classical Chinese well in peacetime so as not to lose points in the college entrance examination? I think if we can pay attention to the following points, we can learn classical Chinese well and improve the hit rate of the college entrance examination. First, we must have relevant historical knowledge. As the saying goes, literature and history are inseparable. Everyone lives in an era, and the politics, economy and culture of this era will definitely have an impact on him. Therefore, only by understanding the era in which this person lives can we understand the connotation of his works. For example, Qu Yuan advocated reform. However, the King of Chu "didn't understand Zheng Xiu at home and bullied Zhang Yi abroad", first alienated Qu Yuan, and then exiled him to the Miluo River, which made his ambition of political reform impossible and he died in Miluo River. Knowing this history, it is much easier for us to understand Li Sao. Secondly, we have relevant cultural knowledge. China ancient culture is profound and rich in connotation, and many contents have evolved with the development of history. The contents involved in eight aspects, such as clothing and utensils, calendar and criminal law, and ancient book annotation style, are very different from ancient times to modern times. Although students are not required to master all these contents, they should also be accumulated as their own knowledge reserves so that they can be used at any time in classical Chinese study and examination. Third, learn to "learn from the hearts of today's people." We live in today's society, and in the face of disasters, we will unite as one. In the face of ugliness, they will attack and lash; We will work together to resist external humiliation. In fact, this kind of thoughts and feelings are in the same strain. In the face of external humiliation, Wen Tianxiang wrote: "Since ancient times, no one has died, and the heart of Dan has been kept to shine in the history of history." Facing the sufferings of the people, Du Fu wrote: "The wine in Zhumen stinks and the road freezes to death." Therefore, when we study ancient Chinese, we should be good at comparing and associating the feelings of the ancients and the present, so as to accurately ponder the thoughts of the ancients. Classical Chinese has a solid foundation. When learning classical Chinese, we must master the knowledge points appearing in textbooks: ① Phonetics, including polyphonic characters and variant characters; ② Meaning, including ancient and modern different meanings, polysemy and flexible use of parts of speech; ③ Classical Chinese sentence patterns, including special sentences and complex sentences in classical Chinese; Fifth, to learn a classical Chinese, we should do the following: first, grasp the article as a whole and understand its main contents; Secondly, put the understanding of paragraphs into the overall grasp of the text; Third, in the specific language environment, we can further understand the words in the context; Finally, on the basis of the first three conditions, further understand the deep meaning of the article. In short, if you can do the above in your usual study, you will lay a solid foundation for the college entrance examination.