? Wen/Wang (librarian of Henan Provincial Museum of Literature and History)
The story of Tang Priest's pilgrimage to the West in The Journey to the West is well known, but the real Tang Priest Xuanzang and his hometown in history are little known. Xuanzang's hometown is in Yanshi, which is my hometown. I have never seen Xuanzang's hometown in my hometown, and I have always had a yearning. As time goes by, my feelings remain the same. I have read many stories about "Tang Priest's Learning from the Scriptures" and many related historical materials. Recently, I finally realized my wish to visit Xuanzang's hometown. The car started from Luoyang, along 207 national highway, and passed all the way to Yanshi's home. In the early morning outside the window, I saw a flat green field, lush trees on the roadside flashed behind the car, quaint villages were looming in under the greenwood tree, and the farmyard of two-story buildings came into view from time to time ... With the rustling of wheels rubbing against asphalt pavement, my thoughts galloped in my reverie: the true Xuanzang in history. Xuanzang is a monk. On the way to get the scriptures, he is holding Zhang Xi in his hand. He has been a wise and firm scholar all his life. In his life, he showed indomitable learning spirit. Xuanzang was a famous religious activist, an outstanding traveler and translator in the Tang Dynasty. His holy land and cultural wealth transcend national boundaries and are proud of the world. He has contributed to enriching Indian culture and promoting exchanges between China and foreign countries. Some of his works have become important documents for studying the ancient history and geography of Central Asia, China and Pakistan.
? Xuanzang's hometown is Chenhe Village, Yanshigou Town, 40 kilometers southeast of Luoyang, Henan Province. Gou Town faces Baiyun Mountain in the north, Yishui in the title, Funiu Mountain in the south, Xuanyuan Xiongguan in the east, Kelongmen in the west, fertile land thousands of miles, and river valleys. Entering Chenhe Village is the Phoenix Valley surrounded by green hills, and a beautiful scenery of Tianyuan is presented in front of you. Lush green trees surround the courtyard of every household; Deep alleys and ancient streets, the simple folk customs are still the same, and the villagers are leisurely weaving their own wonderful world. When I came to Chenhe Village, Gou Town, yanshi city, I saw a tall stone tablet standing at the head of the village, and the four characters "Xuanzang's hometown" inscribed by Mr. Zhao Puchu were engraved on the front. Above the gate of Xuanzang's former residence, the four characters inscribed by Ji Xianlin, a famous scholar in China, are dazzling, adding cultural color to the ancient monuments. Xuanzang's hometown mainly includes Xuanzang's former residence, Chenjia Garden and Xiyuan Cemetery. Looking from the former residence as a whole, the buildings with blue tiles, white walls and red columns at Zhujiamen Gate are patchwork and ingenious in layout, which fully embodies the unique features of oriental residential buildings in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The former residence, facing south, is generally a north-south rectangular courtyard, which gradually rises from front to back according to the natural terrain. Walking up the stone steps, you can reach a blue brick platform more than four meters high. There is a spectacular white marble and aconite gate on it, and stone lions, walking clouds and flowers and birds are carved on the white marble railings around it. Along the central axis of the former residence, you can enter the front yard, with a hall and an east-west wing. The east wing is said to be his eldest brother's living room and study room, with a statue of his elder brother's sister-in-law. In the west wing, there are many rare books of Buddhist scriptures, such as Xuanzang's translation of Datang's Journey to the Western Regions and various versions of Datang's Journey to the Western Regions which have been translated into five languages in the world. The main hall in the front yard is an imitation of the Tang Dynasty, with a height of 10 meters, leaning against the eaves of the mountain, gently lifting and folding, and a huge arch, which is very spectacular. The hall was originally a place to receive guests and talk about literary theory and poetry, and later it was changed to Xuanzang Memorial Hall. There is a statue of Xuanzang's translated scriptures in the center of the hall, and there are statues of his tall disciples on the left and right sides. There are phoenix trees, pomegranate trees and osmanthus trees in the front yard of the former residence. The east wing on the left side of the meridian in the backyard is the room of Xuanzang's mother Song, which is said to be the birthplace of Xuanzang and the back room of Xuanzang's grandparents' living room. It is particularly worth mentioning that the indoor screen of Chen's old home is a precious cultural relic. It looks like a three-star picture engraved with "Fu Lushou". Although it has been baptized by wind and rain for 1300 years, it is still clear and distinguishable, and Xuanzang's map of learning from the scriptures and riding a horse to the west is even more beautiful. Based on this, we can imagine Xuanzang's style in those days. In addition to the above-mentioned relics, there are still some relics in Chenjia Courtyard, such as chanting lent, Phoenix Terrace, horseshoe spring and Chen Jiajing. , you can hang it on it. Especially in the yard, a green locust tree and an ancient locust tree that has already dried up embrace each other, which is very strange. Next to the tree, there is an existing ancient well named "Huiquan". In the south of the former residence, there is the former site of Chenjia Garden, which faces south, with its back to Phoenix Terrace and facing Chenjia Temple. There are Ci 'en Pavilion, chanting hall, bridge pavilion, releasing pond and peach, plum and apricot trees in the park. The mountains are exquisite, winding and flowing, and quiet. Xiyuan Cemetery, located about 800 meters southwest of Chenhe Village, is the graveyard of Xuanzang's parents. The cemetery is kettle-shaped, and the river is surrounded by natural terrain, which is very quiet. After Xuanzang died of illness, he said that he was buried in Beiyuan, Fan Chuan, and that he was buried in Bailuyuan, 3.5 kilometers southeast of Gou Town ("Yanshi County Records: Old Tang Book", compiled in the eleventh year of Qing Qianlong, and said that he was buried in Bailuyuan). There is a "Lingyan Temple" in the middle of Bailuyuan. According to reports, Xuanzang often went to the temple to listen to the scriptures with his family from the age of 9, and was later accepted as a lay disciple by temple monks. Later, in memory of Xuanzang, the temple was renamed "Tang Priest Temple". The temple is located next to 207 national highway today, and the tomb of Tang Priest is outside the northwest wall of the temple. When Wu Zetian boarded Song Yue and passed by the temple, she gave A Jin a gift to repair the temple and several hectares of land. There are existing buildings such as the Mountain Gate, the Ursa Major Hall, the Heavenly King Hall and the Temple of Fire. In this drill, I think we should pay tribute to Xuanzang's holy land, feel the history and culture of the Central Plains, explore the true Xuanzang in history, and let its spirit be carried forward as a precious heritage of the Chinese nation. (Continued from next page)
? According to the research of history books and current academic circles, Xuanzang was originally named Chen Wei, and was named Xuanzang after becoming a monk. Because he was a monk in the Tang Dynasty, he was later called Tang Priest. He came from an official family, became a monk in Luoyang at the age of thirteen, and later came to Chang 'an (now Xi 'an), the capital of the Tang Dynasty. In order to further his studies, he went to Chengdu and went south to Jingzhou. As a result of his study tour, he became more and more familiar with "obscure scriptures and different opinions of the master" and decided to seek "true scriptures" in India. He resolutely embarked on a long journey, left Yumen, passed through the western regions, crossed the desert, climbed the snow-capped mountains, and finally came to many Buddhist holy places such as Nalanduo Temple, India's highest Buddhist institution, to study Buddhist classics. After seventeen years of suffering and nineteen years of chastity, I returned to Chang 'an with 657 volumes of Sanskrit classics. Xuanzang's Journey to the West has experienced many ups and downs. He didn't regret losing his meal or being seriously ill. He finally got the True Sutra back, fulfilling his unswerving long-cherished wish. Emperor Taizong praised in the preface to the holy teachings: "Those who have Master Xuanzang are also the leaders of Buddhism. Teenagers are chaste, early know three hollow, long-term, and four-patient. Loose feng shui is not as good as its Tsinghua; Fairy dew, you can only be prosperous. " "Beyond the six dusts, there is only eternity and no rights." Mr. Liang Qichao called Master Xuanzang "the cause of seeking law and translating classics is unprecedented." Xuanzang lived alone for 17 years, traveled 50,000 miles, traveled all over the western regions, and traveled all over 130 countries in India, leaving an immortal travel note-The Story of the Western Regions of Datang. Xuanzang is a great traveler. He was a Buddhist master who was proficient in Chinese and Indian characters and the teachings of Sanzang. Finally, he gave a lecture at Nalanduo Temple, the highest institution of Buddhism in India at that time, and was respected and welcomed by kings and monks and nuns in India and other western countries. His systematic translation scale, rigorous translation style and great translation achievements have left an unprecedented shining example in China's translation history. When traveling, he was just an unknown ordinary little monk. When he came back, he had become a famous master at home and abroad. The imperial court not only sent officials and monks out of the city to meet him, but also personally summoned him and granted him the power to punish monks all over the world. However, Xuanzang was not interested in this and just wanted to go to Songshan Shaolin Temple to concentrate on translating the scriptures. However, Emperor Taizong insisted on giving him Hongfu Temple built for Queen Mother Mu as a translation field, and also sent Prime Minister Fang and others to help him compile scriptures. In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan, Prince Li Zhi (Emperor Gaozong) built the Ji 'an Hall in Chang 'an, appointed Xuanzang as the abbot, and built a prayer room for him. When Xuanzang and his party settled in Jionji, the imperial court held a grand ceremony. The honor guard was led by 1500 vehicles with colorful embroidered flags, followed by more than 300 umbrellas, more than 200 embroidered Buddha statues and various gold and silver Buddha statues, with Xuanzang sitting on the float as the leader. Monks in various temples in Beijing are chanting with incense and flowers, and even the guards and motorcades of the palace are out. Emperor Taizong led the prince and queen to watch on the tower, and hundreds of thousands of people in Beijing lined up on both sides of the street to watch. In "Xuanzang", Xuanzang not only translated the scriptures, but also wrote the famous "The Tale of the Western Regions of Datang" based on what he learned on the way to learn from the scriptures. The secretary described the mountains, rivers, cities, cultures, customs and products of hundreds of countries, and became an important document to study the ancient history and geography of India, Nepal, Pakistan and Central Asia. Later, he moved to a secluded temple in Yijun Mountain in northern Shaanxi, and spent six years translating more than 200,000 words, such as The Great Prajna Sutra. When he broke down from overwork and was unable to move, he continued to work hard to translate the great treasure sutra until his last breath. In his life, he translated 75 classics and treatises, totaling 1335 volumes, and also translated some ancient China books into Sanskrit and introduced them to India. His translation of Buddhist scriptures is not only amazing, but also very rigorous, and it is called "new translation", which is amazing. His persistence in his career is even more touching. "The mountain is not high, and there is a fairy name; The water is not deep, and the dragon has spirit. " Because of The Journey to the West in Wu Cheng'en, the legendary Tang priest Xuanzang became a household name, and because of the real Xuanzang in life and the rare achievements made by the eminent monk with amazing perseverance, Xuanzang's hometown has been continuously repaired and preserved to this day, and many tourists come here to enjoy its beautiful scenery and explore the real grand occasion that once existed in history.