In ancient China, it is said that a catastrophic flood occurred four or five thousand years ago. In order to alleviate the flood, the tribal alliance meeting recommended gun water control. Gun has been wasting people's money for nine years, unable to do anything about the flood, delaying major events and being executed in Yushan. The tribal alliance meeting elected Yu, the son of Gun. He is a clever and selfless man. Dayu invited the elders who used to control water, summed up the reasons for their failure in the past, and worked out a practical plan after on-the-spot investigation: on the one hand, strengthening and continuing to build dams, on the other hand, eradicating floods by "dredging". Dayu personally led 270,000 flood control people to carry out flood control and disaster relief work in an all-round way. In addition to directing, Dayu also personally participated in labor, setting an example for the masses. Holding a wooden clock, he worked tirelessly and forgot to eat and sleep day and night. In the flood fighting, Dayu passed by his house three times and didn't go in. Under his leadership, after 13 years' efforts, people finally dredged nine large rivers, making the flood flow into the sea along the newly opened rivers. At the same time of water control, Dayu and the army of water control also helped the people rebuild their homes, repair the land and resume production, so that everyone lived a life of peace and contentment and achieved great achievements that will last forever. For Dayu's achievements, the people praised him, thanked him and missed him. At that time, people called the whole China "Yucheng" (meaning the place where Dayu had governed). Outside the gate of Lushan Mountain in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province, Yu Xia's mausoleum, Yuling, was built to commemorate his great achievements. There is a Wang Yu Temple next to Yuling, which is magnificent and towering with ancient trees. Today, Yuling and Wang Yu Temple have become tourist attractions for Chinese and foreign tourists.
Detailed version:
Yao's time, the water retrograde flooding in China, the land of snakes and dragons, people do not lift. Below is a nest, and above is a camp. "("Mencius Teng Wengong ") ancient floods, brought great disaster to the people. At this time, two heroes of water control appeared: Gun and his son Yu. The myth of their water control is circulated in the vast land of the motherland.
Gun is a smart and capable hero who benefits the people. He not only created agricultural tools, tamed and controlled cattle, taught people to sow grain and build battlements, but also led people to build dams to prevent floods and overcome floods. There was too much flood at that time. Nine years later, it is still "gushing". In order to subdue the flood, Gun ignored his own safety and took "fallow farmland" to save the people without the permission of the Emperor of Heaven. Rest soil is a kind of growth soil in heaven. If you throw a little into the soil, you can pile up like a mountain and form a dike. Gun's behavior angered the Emperor, and he was killed by the Emperor in Shan Ye Mountain. After Gun died, his body didn't rot for three years. The Emperor of Heaven ordered someone to cut open his stomach, and a dragon jumped out of it. This is Gun's son Yu. After Dayu was born, Gun's body turned into a yellow dragon and sank into the feather pool forever. Guns, heroes of water control, will always live in the hearts of the people.
Yu inherited his father's will and was determined to control this terrible flood. Dayu has two ways to control water, one is to fill dikes, and the other is to dredge and divert water. Dayu asked Huanglong to help survey the terrain, cut the ground with his tail and let the flood flow to the right place. Huanglong has two beautiful wings and a powerful tail. Dayu also asked the mysterious turtle who had helped Gun control water to fill the dam with loam on his back.
Dayu also fought to the death with the evil god who made waves. Violent * * * workers, causing floods, until today's Qufu, Shandong, the Central Plains is a piece of Wang Yang. Yu met the gods in Huiji Mountain (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and decided to fight * * * *. First of all, Xiang Liu, the main assistant of the workers, was captured and killed. Zuowei Liu is a long snake with nine heads, which feeds on jiusan. Wherever he goes, he will become a stream. Then he fought a fierce decisive battle with the workers of * * *, and finally defeated the workers of * * * and won.
Dayu started dredging the Yellow River from Jishishan in Qinghai. It is said that Shimen Mountain was connected with Luliang Mountain at that time, blocking the way of the Yellow River. Dayu's guidance met with obstacles at this point. So he started his own divine power, divided Longmen Mountain into two parts, and the Yellow River water flowed smoothly between the cliffs. This is the Longmen in Luoyang, Henan Province today. The Yellow River flows through Longmen for hundreds of miles and meets a pillar mountain, so it can't pass. Dayu dug a pillar mountain and let the river flow around the mountain, as if through three gates. This is Sanmenxia today. Now there is a Wang Yu Temple in the upper reaches of Sanmenxia, and ferrymen often come to burn incense and pray.
Dayu's water control is not only long, but also difficult. However, he struggled with selfless spirit. He walked a lot, his toenails were worn out, and he got "dry" disease, so he had a hard time walking. But he traveled all over China, often "can't eat during the day and can't sleep at night", and he didn't care about eating and sleeping. In the days of intense water control, I walked through the house and didn't go in for several years. Busy until he was thirty, Dayu was not married. One day, he came to Tushan and saw a beautiful white fox with nine tails. According to legend, she is a symbol of happiness and strength. Dayu fell in love with a girl in Tushan and went to the south to control water before he got married. Girls have been waiting for Dayu and often sing songs of missing ... This is the origin of southern folk songs. Later, Dayu finally came back and married this girl named Nv Jiao. However, after the wedding, Dayu stayed at home for only four days, and then began to control the water. Nv Jiao waited and waited at home, often standing on the bank of the Yellow River and looking out, so there was the "Wang Mi Stone".
After years of struggle, Dayu finally led the people to subdue the flood and control the Yellow River, and the people lived and worked in peace. Dayu is a member of the same clan of the Chinese nation, and his great spirit has forged the "soul of china" of the Chinese nation from generation to generation.
When Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, visited the Yellow River, he thought of Dayu's immortal achievements in water control and wrote a poem praising: "The Yellow River came from the west to set Kunlun Mountain, and roared that Wan Li touched Longmen Mountain. The waves are terrible, Yao Zihao. Dayu controls a hundred rivers, but the son cries and doesn't peep at home, killing the raging flood. Kyushu began in Sangma. "
The spirit of Dayu set a brilliant example for the arduous cause of harnessing the Yellow River for later generations.
Foreign articles:
Dayu is an important figure in the history of China. The Xia Dynasty he founded was the first dynasty in the history of China, and the first in the Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties. Although Xia Dynasty was only a tribal alliance, it was very different from the centralized autocratic dynasty after Qin and Han Dynasties, and finally it had a national form, which made China's history enter the historical era of trust from the legendary era. Dayu's flood control is another great event in the history of China. Although many nationalities in the world have legends about floods, the floods in China must be particularly serious, which is also the reason for the idiom "Flood disaster", which holds that floods are more terrible than wild animals. Dayu controls water and makes everyone live and work in peace. He won the support of many tribes and became the leader of the tribal alliance after Shun.
In archaeological work, although no direct historical materials of Xia Dynasty have been found so far, considering ancient documents and archaeological discoveries, many scholars believe that the first and second ancient cultural sites in Erlitou are the remains of Xia culture. 4200 years ago, the Central Plains had established a nationwide Xia Dynasty, which is not a problem. The leader of this dynasty is Dayu, who is good at controlling water. It is not a problem for him to gain a leading position and make a living by harnessing water. However, in recent years, there have been many complicated and divergent views on Dayu's water control, which is difficult to unify. Different viewpoints can be roughly divided into two categories: one is traditional viewpoint, and the other is new viewpoint.
As for Dayu himself, the traditional saying is: Dayu was born in the Chinese nation (according to "Hua in Summer"), and he was born in western Sichuan (according to "Yu Xing was born in Xiqiang"). The new saying is: Dayu was born in Guyue (Baiyue nationality). In the era of great ethnic integration in the Central Plains, he entered the Central Plains from the southeast with some advantages of agricultural culture in South China and won a leading position. The discovery of ancient cultural sites six or seven thousand years ago in Hemudu, Zhejiang and Chengtoushan, Hunan strongly supported the new theory. The so-called "Xia is from China" came into being after the Zhou Dynasty. Before the Zhou Dynasty, many historical sites of Xia people's activities were actually in the East. Historical sites related to Dayu are concentrated in the southeast. The sentence "Yu was born in Xiqiang" was said by Sima Qian, which means that Yu was not born in Xiqiang when he came to the west. Through the comparison of some unearthed cultural relics, it is not difficult to see that Ding, Yue and many jade articles, as the national heavyweights of the Xia Dynasty, all came from the ancient Yue people's areas in the southeast.
As for what "water" Dayu treated, how to treat it? The traditional view seems a little exaggerated. The legendary Longmen lies between Hancheng, Shaanxi and Hejin, Shanxi. At this time, cliffs stand on both sides of the Yellow River, which is very dangerous. It is said that Dayu carved it here, so Longmen is also called Yumenkou. However, according to the construction technology level of Xia Dynasty, it is absolutely impossible to complete such a big project. He also said that Dayu designated the world (the whole country) as Kyushu according to different water systems. In fact, the territory of early summer has never been so big. Many legends are inevitably contradictory and difficult to justify.
The new theory is that Dayu did not control the surging waters of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. At that time, the flood was really a transgression, that is, the sea level rose and the sea water flowed back to the land. This is worldwide, so many ethnic groups have legends of being flooded. After the flood receded, the ground was covered with mud, so it was not convenient for farming without treatment. It is this kind of field management that Dayu manages. This is roughly in line with what Confucius said: "Try to live in a ditch." . Mencius said, "When Yao was in power, floods flowed all over the world." "When Yao was in power, the water was retrograde and flooded in China. Most rivers in China originate in the west and flow eastward. No matter how big or small the water is, it will not "cross flow" or "retrograde". Only when the sea water flows backwards from east to west during transgression will it be "cross flow" or "retrograde"
The traditional saying is: Shun ordered Gun to control water, and Gun only knew how to slap and irrigate, and was killed by Shun after his failure. Gun's son, Yu, accepted the lesson of his father's failure in water control and switched to dredging, which finally succeeded. Historical facts are not that simple, and guns are not that stupid. Failure or success is always caused by many factors. Ancient books such as Guoyu said that Dayu also used the method of flooding irrigation, such as "flooding" and "flooding with interest soil". It was not until the Warring States period that the book Mozi called Dayu a common method of dredging water. There was a gap of 1000 years from the Dayu period to the Warring States period, and our ancestors' methods of water control were inevitably improved again and again, and many achievements were made. In fact, the traditional view is that many achievements in water control in the past 1000 years are attributed to Dayu alone, which exaggerates history.
As a tribal alliance leader who was born in Baiyue nationality and was able to develop in the North Central Plains, Dayu's talent is certainly not limited to water conservancy. There are also many achievements in using bronzes to develop production, establish a national system, and use troops abroad (repelling the Miao and Man ethnic attacks). However, it is not difficult to understand that later generations chose his main achievement-water conservancy to commemorate and worship him. As the leader of agricultural society, you should first care about and devote yourself to the national economy and people's livelihood and agricultural production. If you can't do this big thing well, you can't do anything else well. More than 4000 years have passed since the Dayu era, and it is still difficult for us to eradicate floods. Every year, we have to worry about flood control. Thousands of years ago, our ancestors were grateful and revered for Dayu, who had been away from home for thirteen years and dared not enter. As for the fact that he led the masses to build water conservancy projects at that time, limited by objective conditions and the development level of productive forces, he could only do it bit by bit, and there could be no miracle, so it would last for 13 years. In order to commemorate him, it is easy to understand that many achievements in water control behind him are also on his head. This is the true story of Dayu's water control deeds, and it is spread more and more.