Qufu is the place where Confucius was born and gave lectures, and there are still many remains about him.
Nishan is famous for its holy beauty.
Nishan, formerly known as Niqiu Mountain, was renamed for taboo because of Confucius' famous mound. According to legend, Mu Yan prayed to the God of Mount Nishan and gave birth to Confucius in this life. This hill is only 340 meters above sea level and is famous all over the world. Today, everything on Mount Nye is closely related to saints. Among the eight scenic spots in Mount Nishan, Zhiyuan Creek is named after the birthplace of Confucius and is the source of wisdom. Hannah Quinlivan Cave is said to be the place where female tigers breast-feed Confucius. Guanchuan Pavilion is the place where Confucius observed the confluence of five rivers. The Analects of Confucius said: "Confucius said on the river: the deceased is like a husband, not giving up day and night." The name "Zhonghehe" is a compliment to Confucius' belief that everything can achieve harmony. The Book of Rites, The Doctrine of the Mean, said: "Love is not expressed in the middle, but in the middle, and ... to be neutral, the status of heaven is not good, and everything is pregnant." Wangdailin is a forest of jade saints and princes, and it was conceived by jade makers. Nishan God was named Yu Sheng Hou because he gave birth to a saint, and he can also enjoy the glory of the world.
Zhonghe also produces Nishan inkstone, which is famous at home and abroad. "Qufu County Records" contains: "Nishan stone is rich in arts and sciences, hard and yellow, and can be used as an inkstone." The locals said that Nishan did not produce inkstones in the past. At that time, Nishan was full of rough and loose ponytails, and there were no angular stones all over the mountain. However, after Confucius was born in Nishan in 55 1 BC, the vegetation and rocks here have changed. Stone can be used to make inkstones, rabbit hair can be used to make pens, pine nuts can be burned into ink and wood can be used to make paper. Since then, Nishan has become a high-quality raw material base in Four Treasures of the Study.
During the reign of Zhou Xiande after the Five Dynasties (954-960), "Nishan was the birthplace of Confucius and a temple was built". It was rebuilt and expanded several times in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it took shape in the fifteenth year of Yongle (14 17). Now Nishan Confucius Temple has five courtyards and sixty-nine gatehouses, including Guo. Nishan Academy adjacent to the temple was founded in the Northern Song Dynasty and rebuilt in the Yuan Dynasty. In the Ming Dynasty, Kong Cheng qin wrote a poem about the academy: "Where is home, the mountains and rocks hang down, and the huts are separated by smoke and clouds. You have nothing to do after reading it, and you can make your own tea with a gauze hat. "
Queli neighborhood family planning gu
There is a street outside the east wall of Confucius Temple called Queli Street, which was the street where Confucius lived before his death. There are different opinions about the origin of the name Querry. First, Quebeili said: "The courts of emperors in past dynasties called emperors Que". After the death of Confucius, Lu Aigong respected him as a vegetarian king, so there was an explanation that "he who does not enter the palace will not enter Wang Ting"; Secondly, in the Spring and Autumn Period, this street was called "Li", because there were two stone pagodas on this street, so it was called Queli; Third, Historical Records Confucius Family says: "Confucius was born in changping town, Shandong." Joey has Queli, the birthplace of Confucius, who moved to Qufu and has lived there ever since. The locals said that Queli Street was originally named Queli Street to commemorate Confucius' resistance to the obstacles of government teaching in various places.
According to legend, Confucius set up a private school and advocated "teaching without class", so that children from poor families also had the opportunity to study, which was a great pioneering work in the spring and autumn period with clear grades. Sun Shi, the noble uncle of Lu, couldn't tolerate this, so he tried his best to stop it. They bribed a man named Joel twist to play a trick on Confucius. Second, wriggling in the street to build a city with gravel blocked Confucius' way, so Confucius had to bypass the city. This is the story of "car hiding from the city". After two twists and turns, several attempts to stop Confucius' teaching failed. In his later years, Er Nian regretted it and wanted to apologize to Confucius, so he waited on a mountain in the southeast of Qufu. I didn't expect Confucius to hear about it in other places, fearing that the second twist would affect teaching and live in a foreign country. A passer-by told Er Twist the news, and Er Twist was so ashamed that he bumped into a stone and died. Therefore, people call this mountain Niuer, and a huge stone facing Confucius and shaped like a bow on the mountain is called confession stone. In order to praise Confucius' great benevolence and justice and rebuke the court's meanness, the street where cars hide in the city was named Queli Street, and later it became Queli Street in homonym.
There are three Yuan Dynasty buildings in Queli Street today, and Queli Square in the south is a wooden monument. The clock is the bell tower; To the north is the gate of Confucius' former residence. In the imperial pavilion inside the gate, there is a plaque written by Gan Long, which reads: "I live on the left side of the temple, I lost my door, and I did nothing. I want to stay. I look forward to it. I am a toddler. I told future generations that I am just. "
Parents are buried together in Confucius' parents' cemetery.
On the north side of the mountain, there is an artificial garden built in imitation of Confucius forest, called Confucius' parents' cemetery, which is the cemetery of Confucius' parents. In the Yuan Dynasty, Shu, the father of Confucius, was named King Qi Sheng, so the cemetery of Confucius' parents was also called King Sheng.
According to historical records, "Shu died and was buried in this mountain". Confucius was only three years old then. When Confucius was twenty-four, his mother also died. Confucius advocated burying his parents together in order to sacrifice them, but he didn't know where his father was buried and asked his neighbors. Finally, he had to stop his mother's coffin at a thoroughfare called Five Blessingg and ask everyone. Finally, he found his father's grave and let his parents bury it at the foot of the mountain, "sealing the grave four feet." Thus, Confucius pioneered the joint burial of husband and wife and broke the convention that "the tomb of the ancients is not a grave". He first advocated building graves on tombs, which made it easier for future generations to find the graves of their ancestors and offer sacrifices when they were old. This is the so-called "death, ritual burial, ritual sacrifice." These practices have been handed down and become the traditional customs of the Han nationality.
In the fifth year of Jin Mingchang (1 194), Sun Kongyuancuo, the fifty-first generation of Confucius, erected a monument in Confucius' parents' cemetery and repaired the spirit with stone tools. In the 15th year of Yongle in the Ming Dynasty (14 17), Kong rebuilt and built the tomb of Meng Pi, Confucius' younger brother, at the southeast of the tomb where Confucius' parents were buried 10 meter. The cemetery of Confucius' parents, with a total area of 63 mu, was rebuilt and expanded in the Qing Dynasty. Now it is one of the famous scenic spots in Qufu, with green cypresses, mistletoe and many historic sites.
Millennium Academy Zhu Sibin
There were four academies in ancient Qufu: Zhusi, Chunqiu, Shimen and Nishan. Among them, Zhusi Academy is the largest. The Academy is famous for its waterfront in the south and Sihe River in the north. According to "Qufu Historic Site Examination", Zhusi Academy "formerly known as Qianshi Lecture Hall, located in the northeast of Kong Lin". At that time, 3000 disciples of Confucius and 72 sages traveled around the world and gave lectures everywhere, where the teaching time was the longest. From then until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it was always a place where famous Confucian scholars gave lectures. Zhu, a Dali scholar in the Song Dynasty, left a quatrain when giving a lecture at Zhusi Academy: "If you win the day, you will find the fragrance of Surabaya, and there will be endless scenery for a while. When you are free, you will know that the east wind is always spring. "
The buildings of Zhusi Academy are all original in Ming Dynasty and rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. Sanjin courtyard, equipped with 4 1 court concierge. In the yard, cypress trees are towering and the grass is lush. Inside the second door is the "teacher's lecture hall" with a blue tile cornice. After returning from Wei to Lu, Confucius edited books and deleted poems to give lectures, advocated the spirit of "never tire of learning and never tire of teaching" and the attitude of erudition, deliberation, interrogation, discernment and perseverance, which made outstanding contributions to the cultural and educational undertakings in ancient China. In the Qing Dynasty, Gu Shi eulogized Confucius: "The three kings of Taoism and Taoism have better merits than the two emperors."
From the lecture hall to the west, it is the house where teachers and students lived in those days, as well as buildings such as statues, chefs and well jars, which is the most concentrated place where the college preserved historical relics of that year.
Bells and drums rang in unison, offering sacrifices to the holy spirit
The bell and drum tower in Qufu was originally used to worship Confucius. Whenever the ceremony of offering sacrifices to Confucius is about to begin, the shocking drums and golden bells will ring in Qufu City, adding a sacred atmosphere to this grand ceremony.
Located in the center of Queli Street, the Bell Tower is a gatehouse building, which was built in Dade six years in Yuan Dynasty (1302). In the bell tower, there are two generals, one is copper and the other is iron. It is said that the bell tower was originally located in the west of Confucius Temple. In the Yuan Dynasty, a terminal gate was built in front of Confucius' former residence, and the bell tower was moved above it. Duanmen used to be the gate of the Imperial Palace, and Confucius posthumous title was the king of Dacheng Shengxuan. It is not surprising to build a terminal door for him. However, locals say that the origin of building this end gate is to commemorate the deep friendship between Confucius and his beloved disciple Zi Gong. At that time, Zi Gong "often accompanied Lu Wei and was rich in family wealth", "sworn to ride together" and "stood up as a monarch", and made great achievements in "preserving Lu, chaotic Qi, defeating Wu, strengthening Jin and dominating Yue", all of which benefited from a "God-given little red book". According to legend, after Confucius fell ill, Zi Gong waited on his sickbed day and night, naked and with his eyes open. One day, Confucius told Zigong that there was a little red book at Duanmen and asked him to look for it, so Zigong got this wonderful book. After the death of Confucius, Zi Gong kept the tomb of Confucius alone in the forest for six years. Before leaving, he put his Mu Kai cane beside the grave and shed tears. His sincere feelings, soaked with tears, made his cane sprout again and grow into a towering tree. Later generations were deeply moved by this, and built this end gate with a height of over 10 meter, and built a 5-meter-high bell tower on it, so that Zi Gong's admiration for the teacher was passed on to Confucius' god in the sky through the long bell.
Drum Tower is located on the east side of the gate of Confucius House, and it is also a towering and spectacular gatehouse building, with the height exceeding16m. The huge drum in the pavilion is as high as someone. Since Hongzhi was built in the Ming Dynasty, the Drum Tower has experienced natural and man-made disasters and is safe and sound. What is particularly amazing is that in the early 1930s, warlords scuffled, Qufu was bombarded with gunfire, and four towers, east, west, north and south, were destroyed, but the Drum Tower was safe and sound, and none of the shells falling upstairs exploded. Later, after the shells were removed, people found a group of crows perched on the Drum Tower. It turned out that Confucius' heavenly soldiers were protecting the Drum Tower from disaster.
The landform of Yishan is different in the world.
Yishan is located in the southeast of Zou County, also known as Zou Yishan and Kongtong Mountain. Since ancient times, this strange mountain, which is famous for its three wonders of rocks, caves and clouds, has left the footprints of many historical celebrities. It is said that Confucius climbed Yishan and felt that Lu's world was too small in the face of the wonders of the world. Today, there are still some scenic spots such as Confucius watching the sun and Xiaolutai on Yishan.
Yishan Mountain is formed by the natural accumulation of hundreds of millions of goose egg-shaped boulders, thus forming a wonderful landscape of "the holes are vertical and horizontal, exquisitely carved, the roads are winding, and the springs in Rinrin are crystal clear". The caves all over the mountain can be reached vertically and horizontally, connecting Yishan into a rare natural maze in the world. The landscape in the cave is also ever-changing and dazzling, and there are always wonderful surprises; Especially the inexhaustible mountain spring nectar in the cave is a great spectacle. The endless thousand holes make the clouds around the mountain suddenly appear and gather together, which is unpredictable with the different climatic conditions. People feel that Yishan is always busy making, releasing and storing clouds. Clouds are foggy when they are released, and blue like showers when they are collected.
Yishan stone is famous for its strange stones, among which more than 600 vivid hieroglyphs are the most unique, such as the carp stone in the east of Xiaoyao Pavilion in South China, and thousands of tons of huge stones look like carp and want to jump into the sea. Known as the "natural barrier", there are five strange stones on the east side of Nantianmen, looking at Yutu in the east, goldfish in the west, camels in the north, turtles in the south and turtles climbing at the foot of the mountain. The stone seal at the foot of Dongshan Mountain, with its lifelike shape, is even more daunting. Eight huge stones hugged each other and passed through the worse gate. According to legend, this is the place where Fu plays gossip, so it is called gossip stone. There is a stone clock in Panlong Cave, which is said to have been bought from the family heirloom of Emperor Wengong of the State of Yue more than two thousand years ago. Historically, during the Spring and Autumn Period, Emperor Wen moved his capital to Yishanyang, which shows that it was a splendid and prosperous place in ancient times. Nowadays, in addition to the clearly visible ruins, this huge clock hanging in the crevices of the stone and its loud knocking sound make people deeply feel the great changes in Cang Sang. Wang Erjian, a poet in A Qing, said, "I'm afraid that when I'm surprised, Admiralty will turn to stone." When all is silent, it is indisputable for a thousand years. "
The Amitabha Temple in Yishan is also called Shumen. According to Records of Historical Records of Qin Shihuang, in the 28th year of the first emperor (2 19 BC), Qin Shihuang led his ministers to travel eastward, boarded Zou Yi in a sheep cart, erected a monument to praise Qin De, and the calligraphy gate was the inscription of Lisi. According to legend, the original tablet was pushed down by Emperor Wu of the Northern Wei Dynasty. However, because Li Si's seal script is well known, the inscription has been copied for a long time. From the Yuan Dynasty to the 29th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292), Yin Songde of Zou County ordered craftsmen to carve stones, which is one of the earliest existing inscriptions. At present, it is collected in the main hall of Meng Temple.
The beautiful scenery of Yishan is so beautiful that the ancients once summarized it into five wonders, seven dragon palaces, twelve blessed places, thirty-six caves and seventy-two temples. Being on this mountain, I am deeply impressed by nature and worthy of the reputation of "the first wonder in Dai Nan". In a sense, it is completely feasible to compare Yishan to Mount Tai, which is carved on the cliff on the mountain. Great writers and talents such as Sima Qian, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Dongpo, Huang Tingjian and Zheng Banqiao all left colorful poems in Yishan. Numerous anecdotes and legends about Yishan have added a bit of deep breath and endless interest to Yishan Scenic Area. The most famous Madonna of One Mountain is said to be a native of Wucheng, Dongchangfu, who makes friends and loves the people. Expensive and humble, he saved countless lives and enjoyed the life span of 105 years. He was declared by the gods and became a saint of Yishan. Today, every Spring Festival (the second day of the second lunar month), local people will hold a grand temple fair to pray for the fragrance of the Virgin Mary, which is very lively.