. On June 5, 2007, confirmed by the Ministry of Culture,
Chen Yishi is the representative inheritor of this cultural heritage project, and was included in the list of 226 representative inheritors of the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage projects. On September 30, 2009, the fourth meeting of the UNESCO Intergovernmental Committee for the Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage made a resolution in Abu Dhabi, the capital of the United Arab Emirates, and the engraving printing techniques declared by Yangzhou Guangling Ancient Books Printing Agency and China were officially selected into the representative list of the world intangible cultural heritage. manufacturing process
Engraving reverse text-ink-printing
In some methods, block printing is better than casting movable type printing. For example, a language like Chinese has a large character set, and block printing will be cheaper at the initial investment. This craft also has more freedom of artistic painting, such as drawing and charting. However, the printing plate is not durable, and it will be damaged quickly in printing, so it needs to be replaced constantly, which limits the possibility of batch printing. In the Jin Dynasty (265-420 AD) in the 3rd century AD, seals became popular with the appearance of paper and ink. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the 4th century A.D., rubbings of stone tablets were developed. It combines the seal and rubbings, then spreads the seal into a layout, dips it in ink, and spreads the paper on the layout in the form of rubbings for printing, which is the embryonic form of block printing. Around the beginning of the 7th century, the earliest block printing in the world was born in the Tang Dynasty (6 18 ~ 907). Engraving printing needs to write words on paper according to the required specifications, then stick them on the polished board, and then engrave the words in Yang language according to the words, thus making engraving. Then, apply ink on the plate, spread paper, print with a brown brush, and then uncover the paper to become printed matter. Carving the layout requires a lot of manpower and material resources, but once it is carved and printed, it shows the advantages of high efficiency and large printing volume. The earliest engraving we can see now is the Diamond Sutra of the Tang Dynasty, which was discovered in Dunhuang and printed in 868 AD. The printing process is very exquisite.
Printed matter may be popular only among the people at first, and there will be a period of coexistence with manuscripts. In the fourth year of Changqing, the poet Yuan Zhen wrote a preface to Bai Juyi's "Bai's Changqing Collection", which was written in various languages. As for Mo Le's calligraphy and painting, Ye has been sold in the market. Molding is carving, and sales is sales. This shows that the spread of Bai Juyi's poems, an upper-class intellectual at that time, had been printed in addition to manuscripts.
1944, found in the Tang tomb in Chengdu,
Song dynasty (960- 1279) has reached its heyday. In 97 1 year, Chengdu printed all 5048 volumes of the Tripitaka, with 30,000 pieces printed1year, which took 12 years. Up to now, there are still about 700 ancient books printed in the Song Dynasty in our country, with clear and exquisite handwriting, which can be called rare books. Ancient woodcut books can be divided into official engraving, workshop engraving and family engraving according to their organizational forms, and their inheritance characteristics are different. Official engraving is a collection of excellent craftsmen from all over the country to engrave books. Craftsmen came from all directions to exchange skills together, which played an important role in the improvement and popularization of block printing. Fangke is a kind of engraving and printing artist hired by the owner, who concentrates on engraving books in the bookstore. Its topic selection and carving type are closely related to the owner's knowledge level and hobbies. Over time, it will gradually form a unique seal cutting style or square seal cutting genre of a bookstore in a certain area. For example, in the middle of the Republic of China, Chen Heng and his son founded "Chen Heng and Lin Shu" in Yangzhou, engaged in the engraving, proofreading, proofreading and printing of ancient books. They carefully collected rural literature manuscripts and published the Yangzhou Series, which is known as the rising star of Yangzhou Fangke. From the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, block printing declined, and one of the main forces that can be inherited and continued is Fang Fang. Finally, there are family inscriptions, which are handed down by families or apprentices. After the late Qing Dynasty, this way of inheritance also declined. Since the Qing Dynasty, there have been many woodcarving artists in this area, such as Chen, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li and so on. And writers, sculptors, printers and bookbinding workers are all complete, which has been inherited from generation to generation. After Chen's death, his son Chen succeeded him as the leader of the "Yang Gang". From 65438 to 0958, Chen was employed by Yangzhou antique bookstore and participated in the establishment of cooperatives.