Historical reasons of Jingkang's shame
The reason for Jingkang's shame can be summarized as the simultaneous decline of the Northern Song Dynasty and Liao State, which made the rising Jin State take advantage of it and led to the demise of Liao State and Northern Song Dynasty.
In the late Northern Song Dynasty, Cai Jing, Tong Guan and others were autocratic and politically corrupt. But in Liao country, almost the same situation appeared. So Xu Jin went across the sea to the Northern Song Dynasty and signed a contract with the Northern Song Dynasty? Maritime alliance? , agreed to attack the Liao country from the north and south lines of military agreement. The Northern Song Dynasty thought that it could easily defeat Liao, so it sent troops to Yanjing. Unexpectedly, under the capital Yanjing, it was defeated by the Liao army who had just retreated from the front line of fighting with Xu Jin. Finally, Xu Jin sent his troops from Juyongguan and captured Yanjing in one fell swoop.
According to the agreement of the maritime alliance, after defeating Liao, sixteen states were owned by the Northern Song Dynasty. However, in the Liao War, the Northern Song Dynasty was really lacking in confidence, so Xu Jin refused to return the sixteen states. At this time, in the eyes of the Jin people, the weakness and corruption of the Northern Song Dynasty have been exposed. In the end, after negotiations with the Northern Song Dynasty, the State of Jin returned sixteen states, but the Northern Song Dynasty needed to transfer the old coins originally given to Liao to the State of Jin.
A.D.11July 23, Zhang Jue, a former general of Liao State, surrendered to the State of Jin, and transferred Jinping County to the Northern Song Dynasty, which accepted him. After learning this, Xu Jin sent messengers to question the Northern Song Dynasty, why he privately accepted Xu Jin's rebellion. Under pressure, Zhang Jue had to be beheaded in the Northern Song Dynasty, but Xu Jin still refused to give up. At this time, he always advocated the death of pro-Song, and his younger brother was born as Jin Taizong's successor. Jin Taizong was a military careerist. He has always advocated annexing the Northern Song Dynasty. Therefore, taking the Zhang Jue incident as an excuse, he divided his troops and launched a war against the Northern Song Dynasty, and conquered Kaifeng, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty, in the second year of Jingkang.
Therefore, the reasons for Jingkang's shame can be divided into two aspects, namely, policy mistakes and military mistakes, and the Zhang Jue incident became an excuse for Jin Guo's invasion of the Northern Song Dynasty and also the fuse of Jingkang's shame.
The relationship between the difficulty of Jing Kang and Wang Anshi
After the disaster of Jingkang, people analyzed the biggest humiliation event in the history of China and pointed the finger at Wang Anshi. Wang Anshi is called? China 165438+ the greatest reformer of the 20th century? What does he have to do with Jingkang's difficulties?
First of all, Wang Anshi promoted it? Xining reform? Although it didn't succeed, it had a great influence in history, even in junior high school history textbooks. Party struggle has always existed in the history of China, and it also existed before Zaixi's political reform. However, after Wang Anshi carried out the political reform, the party struggle was promoted to an unprecedented height. Thus, in the history of the Northern Song Dynasty, the names of the new party and the old party appeared. Wang Anshi himself is extremely talented. After he became prime minister, he began to show his ambition eagerly, but the measures he took were too drastic and were opposed by most conservatives. In order to expand his power and make the political reform effective, Wang Anshi naturally wanted to win over political views and his own people to help him, so he formed a new party regime. But even though Wang Anshi is noble and talented, he is not satisfactory in dealing with people. In The History of the Song Dynasty, there were 14 people in the Northern Song Dynasty, and the New Party occupied 12 seats. Recognized by history, which caused the difficulty of Jingkang? Six thieves? Cai Jing, the leader, was promoted by Wang Anshi.
Cai Jing can be said to be Wang Anshi's disciple, while Cai Bian is Wang Anshi's son-in-law. Wang Anshi's promotion of Cai's political group inadvertently introduced traitors who perished in the Northern Song Dynasty into the political core. After Wang Anshi's death, these people not only failed to act according to Wang Anshi's political logic, but instead dominated the political affairs for decades, leading to long-term political corruption in the Northern Song Dynasty.
But objectively speaking, the difficulty of Jing Kang is related to Wang Anshi, but he is not the main responsible person. Because Wang Anshi's political idea is good, as Zhu commented on him, he is doing bad things with good intentions. The reason why Jingkang is difficult to break out is caused by many reasons, which is the result of internal troubles and foreign invasion in the Northern Song Dynasty, poverty and weakness.
Princess in Jingkang's shame
In AD 1 127, Jin Bing once again besieged Kaifeng, the capital city, and the Northern Song Dynasty, which was beset by internal and external troubles, could not resist the attack of Jin Bing. Kaifeng city was destroyed and the emperor was captured, along with the royal family, the prince and the concubines. In history, this incident was called the shame of Jingkang. Captured emperors and ministers suffered a lot from nomadic people, but what happened to the princess in the shame of Jingkang was unimaginable to ordinary people.
In the first year of Jingkang, Song Qinzong personally went to the Nomads from Camp for peace, and knelt down in humiliation. In addition to gold, silver and money, Jin people also demanded 1500 girls. Due to the huge demand of gold people for silver, follow-up Peace? Plus the princess, maid-in-waiting and others, the price is clearly marked. For example, the princess or princess is worth 1000 gold ingots, and the head nurse is worth 500 silver ingots. Among them, Fujin Diji (known as Princess after Huizong in the Northern Song Dynasty? Digi? ) is the first princess in Jingkang's shame to encounter misfortune.
However, this is only the beginning of the nightmare of the princesses in Jingkang's shame. With the destruction of Kaifeng City, the captured emperors, royal ministers and, of course, the princesses of the Northern Song Dynasty were forced to follow the 8 Jin Army northward. Journey to the south, they suffered a lot of plunder. 8 Jin Jun generals, like to give rewards, let them be ravaged by 8 Jin Jun. According to historical records, from the beginning to the end, more than half of them died of suicide or tragedy, including san huang in 2008.
Journey to the south is not the end of these princess tragedies in the shame of Jingkang. When they arrived in the state of Jin, some of their wives were sent in? Huan Yi Hospital? . Huan Yi Courtyard is actually a special storage place for emperors and nobles of Jin State to entertain at any time. The next day, Dijirufu suffered misfortune.
According to statistics, Song Huizong * * * has 2 1 adult daughters, except for 3 who died on the way, the other 2 were forced to be concubines, and the rest 16 people, 9 were sent to Huan Yi hospital, 6 to each battalion, and 1 one was sent to Yu Yun Imperial Village. They live in different places, but their fate is equally tragic.
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